A produção comercial brasileira de abacates ocorre em pomares implantados sobre porta-enxertos oriundos de sementes, o que resulta em grande desuniformidade das plantas com relação a tamanho da copa, produção, qualidade de frutos e suscetibilidade a patógenos do solo, principalmente Phytophthora cinnamomi, agente causal da podridão radicular, principal doença da cultura. Enquanto em outros países já é adotado o uso de porta-enxertos com características superiores que são propagados clonalmente visando minimizar esses problemas, no Brasil estes materiais ainda não foram avaliados. Durante os anos de 2010 a 2013 foi conduzido um experimento na Fazenda Jaguacy, município de Bauru, SP, com o objetivo de avaliar o desenvolvimento, produção e qualidade de frutos de abacateiro \'Hass\' sobre dois porta-enxertos, sendo um proveniente de sementes (\'Seedling\') (T1) e o outro da cultivar Dusa obtido por propagação clonal (T2). O experimento foi conduzido seguindo um delineamento em blocos casualizados, com dois tratamentos, 5 repetições e 10 plantas por parcela, totalizando 100 plantas em avaliação. O desenvolvimento vegetativo foi obtido pela medição da altura e diâmetro das plantas, utilizados para o cálculo do volume de copa. A produção foi avaliada a partir da contagem e pesagem de todos os frutos de cada planta e também pelo cálculo da eficiência produtiva e da alternância produtiva entre anos. A qualidade dos frutos foi avaliada a partir da massa, diâmetro e comprimento individual de uma amostra de 200 frutos por tratamento. Os dados foram submetidos à análise da variância, considerando nível de significância de 5%. Nenhuma diferença significativa foi observada entre os tratamentos para volume de copa, produção média, produção acumulada e número de frutos. Para as variáveis de eficiência produtiva, massa, comprimento, diâmetro e relação C:D de frutos ocorreram diferenças significativas que indicaram a superioridade do porta-enxerto clonal \'Dusa\' para plantas de \'Hass\' quando comparadas ao \'Seedling\'. / Avocado production in Brazil takes place in orchards established onto Seedling rootstocks, with large heterogeneity among plants regarding tree size, fruit yield and quality and susceptibility to soil pathogens, mainly Phytophthora cinnamomi that causes avocado root rot and is by far the main disease affecting this crop worldwide. While clonally obtained rootstocks are used in other countries to minimize such disadvantages, in Brazil such materials have not been yet evaluated. During 2010 to 2013 a trial was conducted in Fazenda Jaguacy farm, in Bauru county, with the aim to evaluate plant growth, fruit yield and quality of \'Hass\' avocados onto two rootstocks, a Seedling type (T1) and the \'Dusa\' clonal rootstock (T2). The trial was established after a completely randomized block design, with two treatments, 5 repetitions and 10 trees per plot, with a total of 100 measured trees. Tree size was evaluated by measurements of plant height and diameter, which were utilized to compute canopy volume. Fruit yield was obtained from counting and weighing all the fruits harvested at once from each tree, and also the yield efficiency and alternate bearing index were calculated. Fruit quality was determined from individual measurements of fruit weight, diameter (D) and length (L) on a 200-fruit sample randomly collected from each rootstock. Data was submitted to analysis of variance with a 5% significance level. No significant differences were observed among treatments for canopy volume, mean fruit yield, cumulative yield and fruit number. There were significant differences for yield efficiency, fruit weight, length, diameter and L:D ratio supporting the better performance of \'Dusa\' clonal rootstock on \'Hass\' scion as compared to the Seedling rootstock.

Submitted by Luciana Sebin (lusebin@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-06T13:45:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissNFG.pdf: 936583 bytes, checksum: d13eaef283b99d1b87d5c09bdca4689a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-13T20:27:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissNFG.pdf: 936583 bytes, checksum: d13eaef283b99d1b87d5c09bdca4689a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-13T20:28:11Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissNFG.pdf: 936583 bytes, checksum: d13eaef283b99d1b87d5c09bdca4689a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-13T20:28:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissNFG.pdf: 936583 bytes, checksum: d13eaef283b99d1b87d5c09bdca4689a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-26 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / The fauna invertebrate epigeic, as well as biomass and microbial activity are shown efficient indicator of soil quality, because they have high sensitivity to changes in the environment. The sensitivity of these biological attributes of the soil plays a fundamental role in the assessment of anthropogenic activities, with a tool to monitor soil quality. The objective of the study was to evaluate the quality of the soil, using as biomarkers to epigeic invertebrate fauna, biomass and microbial activity in different coffee cultivation systems. The study was conducted in 2015 at a private estate in the municipality of Santo Antônio do Jardim, SP. The experimental design was randomized blocks in split plot in time, with five repetitions. The treatments consisted of three coffee cultivation systems and two witnesses areas: 1) Coffee in consortium with tree and Urochloa cv. decumbens species; 2) Coffee in consortium with Urochloa cv. decumbens; 3) Coffee in exclusive culture; 4) area with ground fallow and 5) native vegetation fragment. The bioindicators were evaluated in two periods, the first in April and the second in July 2015. To evaluate the epigeica invertebrate fauna were installed in the center of each area five pitfall traps ("pitfall"), totaling 25 traps. The characterization of epigeica invertebrate animals was made based on the taxonomic composition (%); density (number of individuals); richness (number of groups); Shannon diversity index; evenness index of Pielou. The microbial biomass was evaluated by collecting soil samples at depth 0,0 to 0,10 m. The variables evaluated were: microbial biomass carbon, basal respiration, metabolic quotient, microbial quotient and soil organic carbon. It was evaluated also the accumulation of litter (t ha-1) and soil moisture (kg kg- 1). The collection dates only influenced epigeic invertebrate fauna. As for the vii coffee cultivation systems and witnesses influenced all biological attributes of soil quality in this study. The native vegetation fragment system shows the more diverse and more complex plant, and favoured the development of biological attributes soil quality (abundance of organisms on frequency of taxonomic groups, microbial biomass carbon, basal respiration and microbial quotient), followed by Coffee wooded and Urochloa cv. decumbens, fallow, Coffee intercropped with Urochloa cv. decumbens, Coffee in exclusive culture. / A fauna invertebrada epigéica, assim como a biomassa e a atividade microbiana se mostram eficientes indicadoras de qualidade do solo, por apresentarem alta sensibilidade as alterações no ambiente. A sensibilidade desses atributos biológicos do solo tem papel fundamental na avaliação das atividades antrópicas, sendo uma ferramenta para monitorar a qualidade do solo. Objetivou-se com o trabalho avaliar a qualidade do solo, utilizando como bioindicadores a fauna invertebrada epigéica, a biomassa e, a atividade microbiana em diferentes sistemas de cultivo do cafeeiro. O estudo foi conduzido no ano de 2015 em uma propriedade particular localizada no município de Santo Antônio do Jardim, SP. O delineamento experimental adotado foi o blocos casualizados, em esquema de parcelas subdivididas no tempo, com cinco repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por três sistemas de cultivo do cafeeiro e duas áreas testemunhas: 1) Cafeeiro em consórcio com espécies arbóreas e Urochloa cv. decumbens; 2) Cafeeiro em consórcio com Urochloa cv. decumbens; 3) Cafeeiro em cultivo exclusivo; 4) Área com solo em pousio e 5) Fragmento de vegetação nativa. Os bioindicadores foram avaliados em duas épocas, sendo a primeira no mês de abril e a segunda no mês de julho de 2015. Para avaliação da fauna invertebrada epigeica, foram instaladas no centro de cada área cinco armadilhas de queda (“pitfall”), totalizando 25 armadilhas. A caracterização da fauna invertebrada epigeica foi realizada com base na composição taxonômica (%); densidade (nº de indivíduos); riqueza (nº de grupos); índice de diversidade de Shannon; índice de equabilidade de Pielou. A biomassa microbiana foi avaliada coletando-se amostras de solo na profundidade 0,0 - 0,10 m. As variáveis avaliadas foram: carbono da biomassa microbiana, respiração basal, quociente metabólico, quociente microbiano e o carbono orgânico do solo. Foi avaliado também, o acúmulo de serrapilheira (t ha-1) e a umidade do solo (kg kg-1). As épocas de coleta influenciaram somente a fauna invertebrada epigéica. Já os sistemas de cultivo do cafeeiro e as testemunhas influenciaram todos os atributos biológicos da qualidade do solo avaliados neste estudo. O sistema Fragmento de vegetação nativa se mostra o mais diversificado e de maior complexidade vegetal, e favoreceu o desenvolvimento dos atributos biológicos de qualidade solo (abundância de organismos, frequência relativa dos grupos taxonômicos, carbono da biomassa microbiana, respiração basal e quociente microbiano), seguidos por Café arborizado e Urochloa cv. decumbens, Pousio, Cafeeiro consorciado com Urochloa cv. decumbens e Cafeeiro em cultivo exclusivo.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:56:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LuizHRS_DISSERT.pdf: 5685489 bytes, checksum: 6c8bd08a9e57fe6ca72df5d1593b834d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-01-24 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / This work intends to show a new and few explored SLAM approach inside the simultaneous localization and mapping problem (SLAM). The purpose is to put a mobile robot to work in an indoor environment. The robot should map the environment and localize itself in the map. The robot used in the tests has an upward camera and encoders on the wheels. The landmarks in this built map are light splotches on the images of the camera caused by luminaries on the ceil. This work develops a solution based on Extended Kalman Filter to the SLAM problem using a developed observation model. Several developed tests and softwares to accomplish the SLAM experiments are shown in details / Este trabalho visa mostrar uma abordagem pouco explorada do problema de mapeamento e localiza??o simult?neos (SLAM). Comfimde trabalhar emumambiente fechado, uma plataforma rob?tica m?vel deve construir um mapa do ambiente e se localizar dentro deste mapa. A plataforma rob?tica utilizada possui uma c?mera voltada para o teto (ascendente) e odometria para as rodas. As marcas que comp?em o mapa s?o manchas luminosas na imagem capturada pela c?mera causadas pelas lumin?rias no teto. Este trabalho desenvolve uma solu??o baseada no Filtro de Kalman Estendido para o SLAM com um modelo de observa??o desenvolvido. Diversos testes e programas desenvolvidos para realiza??o do SLAM s?o apresentados em detalhes

This master thesis treats the development of a new solution for a retractable boarding step to Scania trucks, which is a part of the modular system. Some customers have the need to transport additional passengers. For such applications, Scania provides trucks featuring a Crew Cab, which is an extended cab with rear doors. Easy exit through the rear doors is important for many customers who use this type of cabin. Therefore, there is a possibility to get a retractable boarding step, equipped with an upper step and a lower foldable, that enables easy entry and exit. This function is especially important for fire fighters carrying heavy equipment and therefore has more difficulties exiting the truck. The robustness and dependability of the function is critical to ensure the safety. If it fails, the legal requirements are not met while driving or even worse, injury may occur. Pneumatics is used for the fold out of the step and a spring folds it in. The current boarding step needs improvement in order for it to be dependable and robust. If the boarding step have not been folded out, the entry and exit of the cab is not possible. This thesis covers the product development, simulations and verification of a new boarding step concept that shall improve the entry- and exit function, making it more robust and dependable. Through problem identification, a product specification and a thorough concept generation and development process a final concept has produced. Simulations were made in order to verify that the step could be stepped on when entering and exiting the cab. The result was a lower step, sliding on linear bearings in a linear motion. This enabled egress and ingress independent of the extraction or retraction of the step. This makes it more reliable than the current product. The sliding mechanism need to be tested in order to ensure the robustness. A prototype was made in order for the function to be tested. / Detta examensarbete behandlar utvecklingen av en ny lösning för ett fällbart insteg till Scania lastbilar, som är ett modular product Scania utvecklar lastbilar till ett brett spektrum av tillämpningar. Behov av att transportera ytterligare passagerare kan finnas. För sådana tillämpningar erbjuder Scania specialfordon med manskapshytt, en förlängd hytt med bakdörrar. Enkel urstigning genom bakdörrarna är viktigt för många kunder som utnyttjar denna typ av hytt. Därför finns möjligheten att få ett utfällbart steg som förenklar in- och urstigning, utrustad med ett fast övre steg och ett fällbart nedre. Detta är särskilt viktigt för brandmän som bär tung utrustning och därför har svårare att ta sig ur bilen. Det utfällbara steget fälls ut för enkel åtkomst när det behövs och viks in under körning. Detta för att uppfylla lagkrav för fordonsbredd. Tryckluft används för att fälla ut steget och en fjäder används för att fälla in det. Flera fall där problem gällande in- och utfällningsmekanism har påvisats, fälls inte steget ut är det inte möjligt att stiga i och ur hytten. Förbättring av robusthet och pålitlighet behövs genomföras. Examensarbetet ska förbättra instignings- och urstigningsfunktionen och se till att den är robust och pålitlig.Genom att identifiera problemet, upprätta en produktspecifikation och genomföra en grundlig konceptgenerering och utvecklingsprocess har ett slutgiltigt koncept tagits fram.  FEM simuleringar gjordes för att kunna verifiera att insteget håller för att kliva på. Resultatet blev ett undre steg, som glider på linjärlager. Detta möjliggör i och urstigning oberoende av i vilket läge steget är. Det gör den mer tillförlitlig än dagens produkt. Glidmekanismen måste testas för att kunna säkerställa dess robusthet. En prototyp har tillverkats för att testa detta.

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Achtsamkeit wird mit vielen positiven Effekten für das psychische Wohlbefinden assoziiert, wobei Fähigkeiten wie Emotionsregulation (ER) und soziale Kognition (SC) zu den wichtigsten Mechanismen gehören. In der vorliegenden Doktorarbeit wurde die Beziehung zwischen Achtsamkeit, ER und SC mit verschiedenen methodischen Ansätzen untersucht. In Studie I wurde mithilfe von Literatur und empirischen Modellen die Beziehung zwischen Achtsamkeit und ER ausgearbeitet und verschiedene psychologische und neurokognitive Mechanismen diskutiert. Studie II zielte darauf ab den ER-Mechanismus bei „Trait-Achtsamkeit“ zu entschlüsseln. Hier zeigte sich, dass es sowohl bei Probanden mit einer Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörung als auch bei gesunden Teilnehmern einen mediierenden Effekt von Selbstmitgefühl gab, der Achtsamkeit mit ER-Merkmalen verband. Studie III untersuchte den Zusammenhang zwischen ER und SC mit Hilfe von Verhaltens- und Neuroimaging-Experimenten, mit Fokus auf dem Konzept der sozialen ER (die Fähigkeit, die Emotionen anderer zu modulieren). Es zeigte sich, dass bei der Regulierung der Emotionen anderer der eigene Stress reduziert wird, wobei wichtige "soziokognitive" Hirnregionen (z.B. Precuneus) an der Vermittlung dieser Effekte beteiligt sind. Studie IV untersuchte im Rahmen einer Neuroimaging-basierten randomisierten Kontrollstudie ER-Mechanismen während einer achtsamkeitsbasierten Intervention (MBI). Die Studie zeigte eine durch die MBI induzierte ER-Verhaltensplastizität im Gehirn, sowohl für die Eigen- als auch für die soziale ER. Ein Effekt im Vergleich zu SC (kognitive und emotionale Empathie) wurde nicht gezeigt. Unter Einbezug aller Ergebnisse wurde ein Modell postuliert, das den Austausch und die Regulierung von Emotionen im Kontext von sozialen Interaktionen integriert. Die Dissertation bietet neue Einblicke in die ER-Mechanismen der Achtsamkeit und beleuchtet die individuellen Determinanten sozialer Prozesse durch das Zusammenbringen von ER und SC. / Mindfulness, the capacity to fully attend to the present experience, has been linked to a myriad of mental health benefits, being abilities such as emotion regulation (ER) and social cognition (SC) of the main potential active mechanisms. The current doctorate thesis investigated the relationship between mindfulness and ER and SC using a range of methodological approaches from trait level individual differences to behavioral and brain mechanisms. Study one explored the relationship between mindfulness and ER by examining the diverse literature and empirical models, discussing different psychological and neuro-cognitive mechanisms. Study two intended to unravel the ER mechanism of trait mindfulness, showing in both borderline personality and healthy subjects the mediating effect of self-compassion linking mindfulness and ER traits. Study three further investigated the link between ER and SC using behavioral and neuro-imaging experiments, addressing the notion of social ER (the capacity to modulate others’ emotions). It showed that when regulating others’ emotions, an individual’s own distress is reduced, being key ‘sociocognitive’ brain regions (i.e. precuneus) engaged in mediating these effects. Study four investigated the fine-grained ER mechanisms of a mindfulness-based intervention (MBI), comparing the MBI with a reading group (READ), in the context of a neuroimaging-based randomized controlled trial. This study revealed ER brain behavioral plasticity induced by the MBI, for both self and social ER. It also showed a lack of effect over SC (cognitive and emotional empathy). Articulating overall findings, a model that integrates exchanges and regulation of emotions in the context of social interactions is proposed. The dissertation offers new insights into mindfulness’ ER mechanisms, from dispositions to neuro-behavioral levels, and also sheds light onto individual level determinants of social processes, linking ER and SC.

This master thesis is engaged in development of software tool intended for measuring of status of lower limb bones. It analyzes status of the feet and lower limb and defines significantpointsonthem.Alsoanalyzesdesignoptionsofmeasuringsceneandmarkers and describe the one selected. In another part is described automated point recognition algorithm. The last part describes graphical user interface, where are these algorithms implemented.

Thesis (PhD(Agric))--Stellenbosch University, 2014. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Water scarcity is a key limiting factor for viticulture in dry regions. Traditionally drought sensitive varieties have the potential to grow in dry areas, however in most situations, through the use of rootstocks. Drought-tolerant rootstocks are expected to improve grapevine response to water deficit by improving the water uptake and transport and by reducing the water loss in leaves by root-to-shoot signalling. The mechanisms of rootstocks’ tolerance to drought are not yet fully understood. The main aim of this study was to improve the understanding of the rootstock/scion-cultivar interaction in the regulation of grapevine water use and leaf stomatal behaviour. Irrigated field vines without any water constraint were compared to rain-fed grapevines subjected to moderate water constraint. To better manage vine water status, reduce variability, and compare more rootstocks, greenhouse trials were also conducted where plants were well watered or subjected to severe water constraints. Pinotage grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.) grafted onto 110 Richter, 140 Ruggeri and 1103 Paulsen rootstocks were used for field experiments whereas Pinotage grapevines grafted onto 99 Richter, 110 Richter, 140 Ruggeri, 1103 Paulsen and Ramsey were used for greenhouse experiments. Our study suggested the influence of rootstocks on scion-cultivar water status and leaf stomatal size and density and gas exchange of the scion, implying an influence on water uptake and transport and a tight regulation of the stomatal conductance. Our data supported the hypothesis that the influence of rootstock in response to drought seemed to be higher under increasing water deficit up to a point where the plant water status is the main driver of the stomatal conductance and therefore photosynthesis regulation, considering the plant water status thresholds. In addition, the results suggested that stomatal development is affected by light, drought and possibly by rootstocks. Nevertheless, it is still not clear how the rootstock affects stomatal development and the link with scion-cultivar water use. It seems that the transpiration rate of leaves is more related to stomatal size than density. Thus one possible mechanism of Pinotage leaf adaptation to water constraints was structural during leaf growth, with a reduction in pore size to reduce plant water loss. The results showed that the rootstock is regulating the cultivar's stomatal size (anatomical changes during leaf growth) and functioning (stomatal regulation) through a complex signalling process. The effect of light on stomatal development is interesting in the context of canopy microclimate and canopy manipulation (choice of the vine architecture vs canopy size, in the context of climate change versus the possible increase in drought and water scarcity). The use of rootstocks is a long term investment which aims to provide resistance to soil pests and pathogens and to confer to the scion-cultivar drought and salt tolerance. The use of drought tolerant rootstocks is actually one of the most relevant practical solutions in dry terroir – units and in situations where water availability is limited. The understanding of the physiological and genetic mechanisms which govern scion-cultivar drought tolerance/behaviour induced by rootstocks is critical in terms of rootstocks choice in interaction with the scion-cultivar and is critical to assist breeding programs to create/select drought tolerant rootstocks.

>Magister Scientiae - MSc / The motivation to determine H2O2 lies in the fact that this chemical species plays a crucial role in diverse fields of practise such as cosmetic, food, diagnostic, pharmaceutical, clinical and environmental protection industries. Several methods such as chromatography, colorimetry, titrimetry and spectrophotometry have been developed for its detection. However, these methods are known to manifest underlying disadvantages such as high cost, time consuming, instability and complicated immobilization procedures. In this present study an enzyme-less electrochemical sensor based on Ag-Fe2O3/POM/RGO nanocomposite (POM stands for polyoxometalate and RGO stands for reduced graphene oxide) was successfully synthesised via a hydrothermal method and a photochemical reduction method for the detection of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).

Bakgrund och syfte: Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur CV-lös rekrytering kan fungera som arbetssätt inom bemanningsbranschen. I enlighet med det har CVts och personliga brevets betydelse, rekryteringsprocessers tidsåtgång samt rekryterares primära attityd gentemot CV-lös rekrytering tagits i beaktning. Metod: En kvalitativ metod i form av semistrukturerade intervjuer har genomförts för insamling av data. Resultat: CVt till skillnad från det personliga brevet fyller en viktig funktion i rekryteringsprocessen för att utläsa den sökandes kompetens. En CV-lös rekryteringsprocess skulle dock kunna effektivisera urvalsprocessen vid ett stort urval, om det framkommer tydligt huruvida den sökande uppfyller tjänstens skallkrav. Slutsatser: CV-lös rekrytering är inte alltid det mest lämpliga tillvägagångssättet för att effektivisera rekryteringsprocesser. Det som framförallt behövs ta i beaktning vid implementeringen av CV-lös rekrytering som arbetssätt är aktuella tjänsters komplexitet samt i vilken kontext omvärlden befinner sig i.