Relational aggression is an indirect type of aggression used to damage relationships with others. Adolescent girls frequently encounter this issue, and the ubiquity of technology has expanded the ways in which girls can attack one another, i.e. cyber-bullying. The causes of relational aggression are unknown and could involve a combination of factors, including victim and/or bully psycho-social adjustment, social expectations, or the implicit structure of female friendships in adolescence. The effects range from social anxiety to impacted school performance to depression and suicidality. Groups of friends act much like a family for adolescents in terms of support and intimacy. Using Murray Bowen’s family systems theory as a template, an intervention is proposed where girls are taught techniques that will strengthen relationships with others and themselves. / text

Unfiltered online language use is most visible where social media sites highlight power injustices such as racism, homophobia, feminism and sexism, which in turn sometimes promotes behavior such as cyber-bullying or internet-trolling. Women have been explicit targets for cyber-bullying and internet-trolling. The linguistic sub-field of gender and language considers questions of how language is used by and about men and women. This is a language and gender study with focus on a gender vocabulary and gendered language use in an online social media forum. This study aims to reveal the linguistic patterns in the discussions about genders. This was represented by YouTube video where one man and one woman, engaged in a debate on misogyny in comedy. The research was done through a qualitative and a quantitative research, by studying the comment section regarding the YouTube video. The results show that there are two different ways of how and what people tend to focus on when talking about men and women. For a woman, her appearance will most likely be in focus while, when talking about a man, it is the man’s performance that is of relevance. The asymmetry is that men are discussed with regards to what they are saying while women are evaluated for how they are saying it, and what they look like saying it.

The purpose of this study was to chart and analyze the level of knowledge among the professionals who in their line of work meet young girls who have been exposed for cyber bullying, also to identify what the consequences that cyber bullying has for young girls in the age of 13-15 years old, focusing on their wellbeing. In this study four semi-structured interviews were used. The theories chosen for the analysis of our results were symbolic interactionism and objectification theory. Results from this study showed that girls were mostly exposed to cyber bullying because of the way they look. That results in negative consequences for the young girls’ wellbeing, in terms of lower self-esteem, questioning of their self, unease and anxiety. All our participators in this study were unanimous that education within the subject was important, but that the education they currently had wasn’t good enough. / Denna studie syftade till att kartlägga och analysera hur kunskapsläget såg ut hos professionella som i sitt arbete kommer i kontakt med unga tjejer som blivit utsatta för nätmobbning, samt att utifrån de professionellas synvinkel se konsekvenser som nätmobbningen fått med avseende på välmående för unga tjejer i 13–15-årsåldern. I denna studie genomfördes fyra halvstrukturerade intervjuer. För att analysera resultatet använde vi oss av symbolisk interaktionism och objektifieringsteorin. Studien visade att unga tjejer mestadels blev utsatta för nätmobbning rörande deras utseende. Detta resulterade i negativa konsekvenser för de unga tjejernas välmående såsom en sämre självkänsla, ett ifrågasättande av sig själva, oros- och ångestproblematik. Samtliga informanter i studien var eniga om att utbildning inom ämnet var viktigt, men att den utbildning de hittills fått inte var tillräcklig.

Cyberbullying continues to be a rising problem facing many households. As teenagers are the primary victims of cyberbullying, it is ultimately up to victims' parents to mediate and address cyberbullying incidents. The purpose of this qualitative inquiry was to explore the lived experiences of parents who had addressed and/or mediated an incident following their adolescent's cyberbullying victimization. Bandura's self-efficacy theory was the theoretical framework that guided this study. Participants were recruited using purposeful sampling. Individual semistructured telephone interviews were held with 9 participants who were parents of adolescent cyberbullying victims. Themes were generated and data were analyzed using Colaizzi's method of descriptive data analysis. This analysis involved a multistep process to inductively develop themes from participant responses. Findings revealed that participants experienced negative emotions as a result of their teens' victimization. Results further revealed that despite a lack of preparedness, participants found their efforts to intervene in the cyberbullying incident to be effective. Themes emerging from the study highlight participants' desire to raise awareness regarding cyberbullying. The impacts that the cyberbullying incident had on the parent-adolescent relationship were also documented in this study. This study provided an opportunity for participants to share their perceived self-efficacy in responding to incidents of adolescent cyberbullying. Findings from this study may be used to promote positive social change by informing various professionals of the challenges that parents face in addressing cyberbullying incidents.

The thesis deals with media education with special reference to new media. Media education has been a part of Czech curicula since 2004 and schools struggle with how to cope with it. In past few years new media came out to be a significant element of media education. New media are important part of everyone's life in informational society. Therefore it is neccessary to widen media literacy to new media as well. Children are growing with new media and they take them as a natural part of their lives. On the contrary teachers very often do not need new media and use them marginally. The author of the thesis tries to map how teachers and children are facing new media not only in media education but even in their lives. The first part of the thesis describes basic elements of the issue - informational society, media literacy, media education and new media. One chapter deals with media education in the Czech Republic, its past and present. The second part of it describes the methodology of the research with its advantages and disadvantages. The main part of the thesis contains a mixed research combining two methods (questionnaries and in-depth interviews). The research was implemented in elementary schools with children as well as with teachers. Results of the research show gaps in the media education emphasizing...

The aim of this essay was to gain a deeper understanding about how school employees interpret and practice school law regarding cyber-bullying that occurs between pupils on the internet. To examine this we used a qualitative method. We completed eight interviews with five teachers, one headmaster, one school welfare officer and one special educationist. These eight school employees were from four different high schools. In our interviews we found that the school employees thought it was difficult to define different concepts within the school law such as in association with the occupation and offensive behaviour which prohibits them from interpreting the school law in the same way. These concepts were what seemed to make the law unclear when it came to situations involving cyber-bullying. We also found that they regarded the equal treatment plan as their most important tool when working with cyber-bullying even though they were uncertain about whether it was practiced when a situation emerged. This because of the school employees´ discretion that seemed to dominate more than what the school law states in most situations when it came to assessing how serious a cyber-bullying situation was and how it should be handled. We also understood that the school employees required more discussions and education regarding cyber-bullying in order to gain a deeper understanding of how to handle the problem. It seemed that cyber-bullying was not a prioritized matter due to that the employees had a lot of other things to attend too.

In my thesis I have focused on the issue of social networks and (social) bullying at elementary schools. In the first part of my paper I summarize the theoretical background and provide an overview of findings and opinions published by experts in relation to the issue of bullying and cyber-bullying, while in the second part of my paper I analyze the results of a research performed with the use of an anonymous questionnaire at four (4) elementary schools in the South Bohemia Region (Jihočeský kraj). The schools involved in the research were: two (2) schools with less than 270 pupils in the Prachatice region, one school with more than 270 pupils in the town of Prachatice and one school with more than 270 pupils in the city of České Budějovice. The purpose of the questionnaire investigation was to collect information on the extent in which aggressive behavior and cyber-bullying appear among pupils attending the 5th through 9th grades of the elementary school (age range 11-15). In the final part of the thesis I provide an overview of the results obtained through the research with the use of a BPAQ questionnaire (BussPerry Aggression Questionnaire and aggressive acts).

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No. of bitstreams: 1 souza_fr_me_prud.pdf: 2130447 bytes, checksum: 7c77d394bf73bfaeaad3a60fbbe638b1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-10-24 / A presente investigação, vinculada à linha de pesquisa “Práticas e Processos Formativos em Educação”, tem como embasamento o crescimento da utilização das Tecnologias Digitais de Informação e Comunicação (TDIC) entre os adolescentes, bem como das redes sociais da internet, que conduzem tanto a favoráveis situações, como podem ser utilizadas para fomentar a violência nas situações de cyberbullying. Apresenta como objetivo identificar e analisar as representações sociais de gestores, professores e alunos sobre o cyberbullying e suas manifestações nas redes sociais. Diante do objetivo geral, foram delineados os seguintes objetivos específicos: analisar as representações sociais sobre o conceito de cyberbullying por parte dos sujeitos pesquisados; identificar as representações sociais sobre o conceito de redes sociais por parte dos sujeitos pesquisados; identificar situações de cyberbullying vivenciadas pelos sujeitos pesquisados em redes sociais; analisar as representações sociais sobre o uso de redes sociais pelos adolescentes; analisar as representações sociais sobre uso de redes sociais nas atividades pedagógicas e analisar as representações sociais sobre a importância da mídia-educação como componente de formação crítica do adolescente usuário de redes sociais. A pesquisa possui abordagem qualitativa, com delineamento descritivo-explicativo. Para a análise dos dados, utilizamos a análise de conteúdo. Perante essa constatação, o trabalho foi realizado em uma escola da rede pública estadual de um município de médio porte do interior do estado de São Paulo, com a participação de estudantes, professores e gestores da escola, compreendendo como procedimentos: questionário aos estudantes e aos professores; entrevista com gestores; grupo focal com estudantes e estudo de conteúdo divulgado por meio da rede social da internet Facebook. Os resultados revelaram que, de modo geral, os participantes têm conhecimento do conceito de cyberbullying. No entanto, as situações de cyberbullying encontraram-se naturalizadas e despercebidas por parte dos participantes. No caso das redes sociais, estas foram identificadas, principalmente, como uma forma de comunicação e de relacionamento interpessoal. Seu uso na escola ainda é tímido. Acerca da mídia-educação, seu entendimento foi verificado como superficial, indicando a necessidade de ações formativas eficazes voltadas para o tema. Espera-se com a realização desse trabalho, colaborar para a reflexão e debates no âmbito educacional sobre o fenômeno do cyberbullying, além de contribuir com os sistemas educativos com sugestões sobre formas de enfrentamento e prevenção a essa violência. / The present investigation, joint to the research segment “Practice and Processes for Formation in Education”, has as base the growing process from the use of Information and Communication through Digital Technology (ICDT) among teenagers, and the social networks as well, that conduct even to favorable situations in order to increase the violence in cyber bulling situations. As an objective, it identifies and analyses the representation of the teachers, directors and students, related to cyber bullying and its manifestations at the social networks. Based on the general objective, the specific objectives were established: analyze the social representations about the concept of cyber bullying, from the researched subjects; identify the social representations about the concept of cyber bullying, from the researched subjects; identify cyber bulling experienced by the researched subjects in social networks; analyze the social representations about the use of social networks by teenagers; analyze the social representations about the use of social networks in pedagogical activities and analyze the social representations about the importance of the media and education as a component of the critical construction of the teenager as a user in social networks. The research has a qualitative approach, with descriptive and explanatory establishing. For the data analysis provided, the content analysis was used. In view of this, the work was accomplished in a State public school, from an average city, from São Paulo State, countryside, with the participation of the students, teachers and directors from the school, using the procedures: students and teachers questionnaire; interview with the directors; focus on students groups and content study, spread out through Facebook. The results showed that, in a general view, the participants have a considerable knowledge of the concept of cyber bulling. However, the situations of cyber bullying were found naturally and not really noticed by the participants. Related to the social networks, those were identified, mainly, as a way of communication and the interpersonal relationship. Its use in schools is still not common . Related to media and education, its comprehension was verified as superficial, pointing that there is a necessity of efficient forming actions focused on the theme. It is expected that, with the achievement of this research, some collaboration appear to help the reflections and debates in education itself about the phenomena cyber bullying, and also may contribute to the education systems as suggestions, about forms of facing and prevention against this kind of violence.

Studien ämnar undersöka lärarstudenters mottagande av en kommunikationskampanj mot näthat. Syftet är att förstå hur de uppfattar kampanjen och dess budskap, samt hur de ser på kampanjen i förhållande till sin framtida yrkesroll som lärare. Studien använder tvåstegshypotesen och begreppet opinionsbildare, samt social marketing-disciplinens ramverk för att besvara frågeställningarna. Dessutom används teorin om sekundär socialisation och tankar om sociala normer för att bättre förstå studiens kontext. Studien har en kvantitativ ansats och empiri samlas in med hjälp av en digital enkät. Empirin analyseras och diskuteras sedan utifrån studiens teoretiska utgångspunkter. Studien visar att lärarstudenterna anser att kampanjen berör viktiga ämnen och anser att klassrumsövningarna är användbara. De anser sig i allmänhet vara kunniga om ämnen som kampanjen tar upp, som sexism, rasism, homofobi och samhällets normer. Däremot anser de sig inte veta så mycket om anonymitet på nätet, lagstiftning kring kränkningar online och var det finns hjälp att få vid nätmobbning. Analysen av resultatet pekar också på att de har en medvetenhet kring sin framtida yrkesroll och anser att de har ett ansvar att arbeta med de frågor som kampanjen berör. Det verkar också som att de anser att kampanjens metodmaterial skulle utgöra ett användbart verktyg som kan hjälpa dem att ta sig an den uppgiften. / This study aims to examine the reception of a communication campaign against hate speech online and cyber-bullying. The purpose it to understand how teacher students at university level, perceive the campaign and its messages, as well as how they perceive the campaign in relation to their future teacher profession. The study’s theoretical framework includes the theory of two-step flow of communication, with the core concept of opinion leaders. It also includes teachings from the social marketing discipline. To better understand the context of the study, the theory of secondary socialisation is used, together with a social norms-perspective. The study uses a quantitative survey method. Empirical data is collected through an online survey and is later analysed and discussed with the help of the aforementioned theoretical framework. The results show that the teacher students think the topics of the campaign are important. In general, they rate their knowledge on the campaign topics highly. They claim to know a lot about sexism, racism, homophobia and societal norms. However, they rate their knowledge on other topics lower – they claim to not know as much about online anonymity, legislation about hate speech or the resources that are available when cyber-bullying occurs. The analysis shows that the teacher students are aware of the socialising role that comes with their future profession. They seem to think that it is part of their responsibility as teachers to work with the themes specified in the campaign. It seems like they think the campaign material and classroom exercises would be useful tools when it comes to living up to that responsibility

I det här kandidatarbetet har vi genom enbart ljudberättande försökt ta reda på hur vi kan belysa det viktiga ämnet nätmobbning. Vi har genom ett antal källor om ljudberättande med och utan visuellt stöd, tagit med allt viktigt i berättande för att sedan skapa en egen historia som ska beröra. Viktigt att ljuden är igenkänningsbara, att lyssnaren vet vad som händer och att det inte får upplevas otydligt i sammanhanget. Vi vill genom den här undersökningen beröra människor till att våga prata om psykisk ohälsa. Vi valde därför att använda oss utav X for Change, ett designperspektiv som grundar sig inom spelvärlden, men dess tankar och riktlinjer går att anpassa inom ljud likaväl genom vår tolkning. För att genomföra kandidatarbetet har vi använt mindmapping och brainstorming för att ta fram ett manus och innehåll. Vi har genom intervjuer tagit del av människors egna upplevelser kring psykisk ohälsa och applicerat de känslor som återkom, nämligen ensamhet, rädsla och svartsjukan att ‘varför just jag, varför ingen annan’. Vikten för oss har varit att få med känslan, genom de ljudeffekter och ambienser vi spelat in genom med Foley. För att strukturera upp det här arbetet har vi använt agila projektmetoder. Designprocessen delas upp i fyra delar, design phase I-III samt färdig gestaltning, där vi går från idé till färdig gestaltning. Vi presenterar de val vi gjort, tekniker vi använt, specifika delar från forskningen som speglar det vi gjort samt varför vissa förändringar gav positivt resultat. Resultatet i sin tur presenterar åsikter om vi anser vi lyckats, vad vi mer fått fram från undersökningen samt relationen mellan gestaltningen och frågeställning samt syfte. Vi avslutar med diskussion där vi kritiskt granskar arbetet och diskuterar problematiken genom valda frågor. / In this Bachelor Thesis we have used sound narrative only, to investigate how to illuminate the important topic, cyber bullying. We have gone through several sources of Audio storytelling with and without anything visual to support. The sources included everything we find important in storytelling, to create our own history and hopefully affect people. It’s important that the listener will recognize the sounds, so they do know what is happening. The story will not be unclear in the context for the listeners. Through this study, we want to affect people, to dare to talk about mental illness, so we have chosen X for Change as our design perspective. X for Change is based in the gaming world, but its thoughts and guidelines can be adapted within sound, as well as in according to our interpretation.    We´ve accomplished this Bachelor Thesis, by creating a script and content through mind mapping and brainstorming. We collect information about mental illness by interviewing people about their experiences. The results of most of the interviews applied the feeling that kept coming back, which was loneliness, fear and jealousy like ‘why me, why not someone else’. For us it has been important to get the feelings right, through the sound effects and ambiences we have recorded, are the most important in this project, thanks to the techniques of Foley. We have used agile project methods to structure our work process in this Bachelor Thesis.    The design process we used is divided into four parts, design phase I-III and the finished design. We will go from idea to the finished design. We will also present the choices we faced and the techniques we decided to use, specific parts of research that reflect what we have done, and why some changes made a positive result in the end. The result will be presented and our opinions on whatever we succeed or do not succeed in the relationship between the design, our question and our purpose. At the end of this essay we will discuss our critical review on this work by asking selected questions that we have made ourselves.