Determinar la configuración absoluta de las moléculas quirales representa un gran reto para los químicos orgánicos. Para conseguir este objetivo existen diversas técnicas, las cuales se describen en el presente trabajo, así como ejemplos de cómo han sido utilizadas para la determinación de la configuración absoluta de productos naturales. / Methods for the assignment of the absolute configuration of an organic molecule: The assignment of the absolute configuration of chiral molecules represents a great challenge for organic chemists. There are several techniques in order to establish it, and they are described in this work, as well as examples of how they can be applied in the assignment of the absolute configuration of natural products.

Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is characterized by accumulation of lipids in hepatocytes, which accounts for at least 5% of the weight of this tissue. It affects patients in different age groups; these tend to present hepatic alterations characterized not only by the accumulation of fat but, in some cases, also by the presence of inflammation and fibrosis, even evolving to cirrhosis. It is considered the hepatic component of Metabolic Syndrome (MS) and this, in turn, is also an inducer of NAFLD. The present study proposes to evaluate the degree of steatosis in patients with NAFLD and their relationship with cardiovascular risk, the prevalence of OSAS and quality of life. This is a cross-sectional study, where 173 patients were interviewed at the outpatient clinic. Hepatology, which is a reference service of the State, University Hospital of the Federal University of Sergipe. Socio-demographic data and anthropometric measurements, results of biochemical laboratory tests and image of medical records were collected, and these patients were submitted to quality of life (QOL) questionnaires (WHOQOL bref), CVD risk (Framinghan score), individual risk of OSAS (Berlin scale) and bioimpedance test. We obtained as results a prevalence in the low risk population to develop CVD (58.4%), a prevalence of the sample for high risk of OSAS (64%), the QV assessment showed better results in the psychological and social relations domains . We conclude that there is an association between the degree of NAFLD and the evolution of OSA in the patients studied. There was no association with the increase in the risk of CVD, and when we assessed the association with the QOL, there was no significant difference between the total score quality of life in patients with mild steatosis for individuals who presented them in marked form. Thus, we emphasize the importance of the global evaluation of these patients, from the beginning of the detection of NAFLD. / A Doença Hepática Gordurosa Não Alcoólica (DHGNA) é caracterizada por acúmulo de lipídios em hepatócitos, que representa, ao menos, 5% do peso deste tecido. Acomete pacientes em diferentes faixas etárias; estes tendem a apresentar alterações hepáticas caracterizadas não apenas pelo acúmulo de gordura, mas, em alguns casos, também pela presença de inflamação e fibrose, inclusive evoluindo para cirrose. É considerada o componente hepático da Síndrome Metabólica (SM) e esta, por sua vez, também um indutor da DHGNA. O presente estudo propõe avaliar o grau de esteatose em pacientes com DHGNA e a relação destes com o risco cardiovascular, a prevalência de SAOS e a qualidade de vida. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, onde foram entrevistados 173 pacientes atendidos no ambulatório de Hepatologia, um serviço de referência no Estado, do Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal de Sergipe. Foram coletados dados sociodemográficos e medidas antropométricas, resultados de exames laboratoriais bioquímicos e de imagem dos prontuários, e estes pacientes foram submetidos a questionários de qualidade de vida (QV) (WHOQOL bref), risco de doenças cardiovasculares (DCV’s) (Escore de Framinghan), a avaliação do risco individual de Síndrome da Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono (SAOS) (Escala de Berlim) e ao teste de bioimpedância. Obtivemos como resultados uma prevalência na população estudada de baixo risco para desenvolver DCV’s (58,4%), houve uma prevalência da amostra para alto risco de SAOS (64%), a avaliação da QV demonstrou melhores resultados nos domínios psicológicos e das relações sociais. Concluímos que há uma associação do grau de DHGNA com a evolução do SAOS nos pacientes estudados, não havendo a mesma associação em relação ao aumento do risco de DCV’s e quando avaliamos a associação com a QV não observou-se diferença significativa entre o escore total de qualidade de vida em pacientes com esteatose leve para os indivíduos que as apresentavam na forma acentuada. Sendo assim, enfatizamos a importância da avaliação global desses pacientes, desde o início da detecção da DHGNA. / Aracaju

Dans cette thèse nous avons tenté d’expliquer la performance des entreprises en se basant sur l’approche basée sur les ressources (RBV) et l’approche basée sur les capacités dynamiques (DCV),deux approches relevant de la théorie des ressources qui gagneraient à être intégrées. Pour aborder la problématique, nous avons développé deux axes de recherche : « La détention des ressources/capacités et la Performance » et « La gestion des ressources/capacités et la Performance ». Le premier modèle conceptuel a présenté les relations liant les différentes capacités opérationnelles à la performance. Le modèle conceptuel global a traité de la relation « Capacités opérationnelles – Environnement -Stratégie de diversification - Capacités dynamiques- Performance ». Notre posture épistémologique dans cette recherche se voulait positiviste. Au niveau des choix méthodologiques nous avons opté pour une démarche hypothético-déductive avec une approche quantitative basée sur des données secondaires collectées de la base de données française DIANE et des statistiques de l’INSEE, et pour évaluer les capacités nous avons eu recours à la méthode DEA. La première étude empirique a testé la relation capacités opérationnelles-performance sur quatre échantillons mono-sectoriels représentatifs de l’industrie manufacturière française : le secteur pharmaceutique, le secteur automobile, le secteur de la chimie et le secteur de l’habillement. La seconde étude empirique a testé le modèle mettant en relation les capacités opérationnelles, les capacités dynamiques, l’environnement et la diversification,sur la base d’un échantillon plurisectoriel regroupant les quatre secteurs. Les résultats ont permis de découvrir en premier lieu, l’importance de la capacité financière pour tous les secteurs, en deuxième lieu, le rôle modérateur de l’environnement et de la diversification et en troisième lieu l‘importance des capacités dynamiques d’apprentissage (d’absorption) et adaptative dans l’explication de la performance. Ces résultats peuvent servir les décisions managériales et l'action publique. / In this thesis we have tried to explain business performance based on the resource-based View (RBV) and the Dynamic capabilities View (DCV), two approaches within the resource-based theory (RBT)that benefits from being integrated. To address the problem, we have developed two main stream of research: "The detention of resources / capabilities and performance" and "The management of resources / capabilities and performance." The first conceptual model presented the relations linking the various operational capabilities to performance. The global conceptual model has focused the relation “Ordinary capabilities – Environment – Diversification strategy- Dynamic capabilities –Performance”. Our epistemological position in this research wished to be positivist. At the methodological level we opted for a hypothetical-deductive approach with a quantitative approach based on secondary data collected from the French database DIANE and INSEE statistics, and to evaluate capabilities we used the DEA method. The first empirical study that aims on “ordinary capabilities – performance” link, is based on four industries samples representing the French manufacturing industry: the pharmaceutical industry, the automotive industry, the chemical industry and the clothing industry. The second study tested the empirical model linking ordinary capabilities,dynamic capabilities, environment and diversification, based on a multisectorial sample comprising the four sectors. The results revealed first the importance of financial capability for all sectors, second the moderating role of the environment and the diversification and thirdly the magnitudes of dynamic learning (absorption) and adaptive capabilities in explaining performance. These results could serve managerial decisions and public policy.

Buildings consume a significant portion of the world's overall electricity consumptionand it is critical for people's well-being and performance to have a good indoor climate. This is projected to rise as living conditions improve and climate change occurs. This means that energy-efficient interior climate systems are critical, and it is a worthwhile topic to research. This Master Thesis is focused on the topic of indoor climate and how user experience design can improve efficiency and sustainability in the commissioning process. In addition to being a topic that is not much explored, the longer it takes to install wireless systems, the more expensive and more harmful it is to construction sites. The aim of this study was to identify challenges that users face during the commissioning process. Another aim of this research was to investigate what are the improvement opportunities in the indoor climate commissioning process. The final aim of this study is an artifact that has been created with suggested actions that address the identified challenges that users encounter during the commissioning process. The methods chosen for this research will be a combination of qualitative and quantitative research, known as a mixed-method approach. This approach will be used to obtain answers to the study's research questions. The outcome of the survey and interviews with employees who have participated in the commissioning processsomehow will enable us to answer the research questions. The project includes, for example, user studies, technical studies, and the development of new concepts.

During renovation Ljusåret 2 was converted to a modern office with an activity based work style (ABW) with a Demand Controlled Volume (DCV) ventilation system connected to a closed-loop duct. Cooling is provided through air handling units and active water based beams, the underfloor heating system was kept. Written instruction and specification have been studied for the two different control systems Schneider EcoStructure and Lindinspect. Both control systems have been analyzed according to time schedule, set-point and process value by using different functions in software. To be able to perform a energy audit and look at indoor climate for Ljusåret 2 there have been studies according to underfloor heating, constructions of ventilation system, diversity factor for DCV, closed-loop-ducts, heat losses from ducts, cooling demand and energy certification. According to this audit, energy performance is calculated to 89.1 kWh/m2 according to building energy, activity energy is not audited or calculated. During design phase, an energy calculation was made by an energy consultant with the result of 81.3 kWh/m2. The estimated performance is a 9.6 % increase. This building is designed for Miljöbyggnad certification of level silver and should be ≤ 109 kWh/m2,year. According to audit and calculation for energy performance this level is possible to keep. The estimated energy performance have been calculated with only 4 month of statistics from January until April 2019 because Ljusåret 2 have just been renovated. District heating has been estimated through the energy signature by data from energy meter. Electrical components for the building have been measured and energy usage calculated. Energy produced by compression chiller have been estimated with calculated performance from design phase and adding heat transfer between rooms and supply ducts. Energy between rooms and supply ducts were not included in energy calculation during the design phase. According to the control system for the DCV system there have been some issues with high temperature in supply ducts even when they are supplied with 15 ºC from air- handling unit. There have been measurement to the ventilation system 5701-5704 that is connected to a close-loop duct with a result of temperatures between 15.2 ºC up to 21.4 ºC and the velocity has varied between 0.05-2.1 m/s in different measurement spots. This is an increase of 6.4 ºC. A heat transfer calculation have been made in Paroc Calculus to estimate heat transfer between room and supply ducts. The results of this calculation indicates the same level of temperature increases as when the system was measured. With no thermal insulation cooling capacity is lost to half after less than 5 m with a velocity of 0.2 m/s, after 15 m with a velocity of 1 m/s and 30 m with a velocity of 2 m/s . This should be compared with supply duct with 20 mm of thermal insulation that has lost its cooling capacity after less than 13 m with a velocity of 0.2 m/s, after 63 m with a velocity of 1 m/s and is increase with 4 ºC after 100 m with a velocity of 2 m/s. Using closed-loop ducts with velocity below 2.0 m/s and without thermal insulation combined with under tempered supply air is not a good combination. Even short length with low velocity and lack of thermal insulation is devastating because of heat transfer according to logarithmical temperature difference between room and supply ducts. A closed-loop duct is often designed as a pressure chamber and recommended when using DCV and/or VAV ventilation to avoid problems with noise and to be able to reduce the need of dampers. Problems with temperature increasing according to velocity in ducts must be taken in consideration. For Ljusåret 2 this will affect district heating usage where ducts are placed because underfloor heating must compensate heat transfer. Chilled water must be provided an extra time for rooms with both DCV and chilled beams and rooms with only DCV is less comfortable which they could been with a correct installation.

No description available.