Demand controlled ventilation has in this study been investigated in a life cycle cost (LCC) - perspective for an existing office property. The goal was to examine whether a complementary of the existing constant air volume (CAV)-system to a demand controlled ventilation (DCV) -system is profitable. This project has been executed on behalf of Fastpartner AB. The studied property is an office building of floor area 6000                          in Stockholm, Sweden. Two different types of DCV systems were analyzed: C controlled ventilation and C with temperature controlled ventilation. The software IDA ICE was used in order to examine the energy consumption for district heating, district cooling and electricity for the air handling unit. The building has been modelled as accuracy as possible in order to represent the real building. In order to see the effect of various loading rate, simulations with three different occupancy levels for CAV and the DCV-systems was made. The occupancy levels represented organizations with high, low and medium occupancy. In the end nine simulations was made. The net present value method was used for each system in the LCC analyses. Costs for installation, purchase and maintenance have been taken into account. The results from the study showed that both of the DCV-systems gives a lower LCC than the existing CAV- system. The most profitable DCV-system is C with temperature- controlled ventilation, that presents a theoretical cost saving up to 250 000 kr. The variation of occupancy levels didn’t affect the outcome of LCC for C and temperature controlled ventilation, however C controlled ventilation showed a significant difference depending on low versus high occupancy level. Low occupancy level results in a higher cost saving. The fans for the air handling unit had the largest energy saving based on energy sector. Where a reduction up to 75 % can be achieved for C controlled ventilation at low occupancy level.

Studien går ut på att jämföra tre olika styrsystem för ventilation, nämligen CAV (Constant Air Ventilation), VAV (Variabel Air Ventilation) och DCV (Demand Controlled Ventilation). Dessa styrsystem ställs mot varandra i tre olika lokaltyper, med syfte att identifiera det mest energieffektiva styrsystemet. Ett syftet med studien är också att upptäcka vid vilka flöden det lönar sig att arbeta med VAV- och DCV-styrsystemen.

The building sector is responsible for approximately 40 % of the total energy usage in Sweden. In office buildings the heating, ventilation and air conditioning system can account for up to 55 % of the energy usage. In order to reduce the energy usage of the heating, ventilation and air conditioning system different control methods are often used. One of these control methods is demand controlled ventilation, where the ventilation system is controlled with regard to occupancy with the help of motion and/or CO2 sensors. The aim of this thesis was to determine the energy savings potential of a heat recovery unit as well as demand controlled ventilation in an office building. The effect of longer intervals between sensor control signals to the ventilation system was also investigated. This is done by creating schedules, gathered from actual building occupancy, that are being used to control the occupancy and ventilation in a building model in the building performance simulation software IDA ICE. As a reference building, the fifth floor of the LU1 section of the natural science building at Umeå University is used. The reference building consists of 40 offices for which the occupancies are known. The average occupancy for all the offices combined throughout the investigated time period is determined to be 34.8 %. The results from the simulations indicate that an energy savings potential of 52.98 % can be achieved by a heat recovery unit with an efficiency of 80 % or 95 %, when compared to not having a heat recovery unit. When implementing demand controlled ventilation an energy savings potential of 2.8-11.0 % can be achieved, with the energy savings potential decreasing when the efficiency of the heat recovery unit increases. Finally, it is shown that longer intervals between sensor control signals to the ventilation system leads to a small increase in energy usage and poorer indoor air quality.

No description available.

Att minska energianvändningen är lika mycket ett globalt mål som ett nationellt mål. Sverige har som mål att öka effektiviseringen av energianvändningen med 20 % fram till år 2020. Det gör att nästan alla sektorer påverkas och inte minst bostads- och servicesektorn som står för nästan 40 % av Sveriges energianvändning. Ventilationssystem är en av de saker som kan bidra till energibesparingen. I den här studien har en nybyggd grundskola simulerats avseende energi och komfort där olika ventilationssystem testats för att se vilket system som är mest lönsamt ekonomiskt, energi- och komfortmässigt. Det som skiljer ventilationssystemen åt är de olika typerna av flödesreglering. Två huvudtyper av ventilationsflödesreglering har testats: ”Variable Air Volume” = Luftflödet varierar efter behovet (VAV) och ”Constant Air Volume” = Konstant luftflöde (CAV). Byggnaden, som är välisolerad och har tung stomme, har även simulerats med ökad personbelastning för att se hur det påverkar ventilationssystemet. Metoden som används för att utföra arbetet är en simuleringsstudie av komparativt slag, där datorprogrammet IDA ICE 4.8 har använts för att modellera byggnaden och utföra simuleringarna. Modellen som har simulerats efterliknar delar av grundskolan Stigslundsskolan i Gävle, i både uppbyggnad, ventilation och användningsgrad. Data har samlats in från konsultföretaget Rambolls databaser med information om projekteringen av skolan och genom personlig kommunikation. Simuleringen av ett skolår har utförts och ett schema för personbelastningen har ställts in för varje sal för att efterlikna det schema som eleverna går efter i dagsläget. Resultatet av simuleringarna visade att VAV -ventilationssystemet som efterliknar det projekterade fallet väl täckte ventilationsbehovet, använde mindre energi än CAV-systemet och skapade ett mycket bra termiskt klimat i byggnaden. Resultatet visade också att ökad personbelastning hade stor inverkan på ventilationssystemet, och medförde bland annat att återbetalningstiden för VAV-systemet ökade från 11 till 30 år. / To reduce the energy use is as much a global goal as it is an international goal. The Swedish goal is to increase the efficiency of energy use with 20 % by year 2020. This means that almost all the sectors are affected, that includes the housing and service sector which accounts for almost 40 % of Sweden’s energy use. The ventilation system is one thing that can contribute to saving energy. In this study a new built primary school has been simulated, regarding energy use and thermal comfort, where different ventilation system has been tested to determine which system are the most profitable in economically, energy and comfortably. The ventilation system different in the flow control. Two main types of flow control have been tested: Variable Air Volume (VAV) and Constant Air Volume (CAV). The building, which is well insulated and has a heavy body has also been simulated with increased personal load to see how it affects the ventilation system. The method used to perform the work is a comparative type simulation study. The computer program IDA ICE 4.8 has been used to build the model and do the simulations. The model that has been simulated resemble the primary school Stigslundsskolan in Gävle in both construction, ventilation and degree of use. Data has been collected from the consulting company Ramboll’s database with information on the planning of the school. Personal communication has also been used to collect information. The simulations have been performed for a school year and a schedule for the personal load has been set for each hall to imitate the schedule that the students are following today. The result of the simulations showed that the VAV ventilation system, which resemble the planned case, cover the ventilation requirements, uses less energy than the CAV system and create a very good thermal climate in the building. The result also shows that the increased personal load had a great influence on the VAV ventilation system and increased the repayment period from 11 to 30 years.

Syftet med arbetet var att framställa en beräkningsmodell som behärskar att beräkna ett klimatsystems energiförluster samt livscykelanalys, LCC. Samt att använda denna modell vid jämförelse av två befintliga system. Modellen skapades i programmet Excell och använder sig av angiven indata för att beräkna resultat. Den användes för jämförelse av fyra lokaler i VIDEUM ABs byggnader. Två kontor och två föreläsningssalar jämfördes. Den beräknade skillnaden i energiförbrukning kunde i huvudsak härledas till det ena systemets längre drifttid över helgen samt att ett av kontoren drevs med högt konstantflöde hos ventilation även under frånvaro. Huruvida styrning av system sker efter koldioxidkoncentration eller temperatur verkar spela mindre roll för systemets förluster. Dock påverkar onödigt högt ställda flöden samt för långa driftstider energibehovet desto mer. / The thesis focused on compiling a calculation model suitable for calculating an indoor climate system energy demand and life cycle cost, LCC. The model was created in Excell and uses given input data to calculate the results. The model was used to compare four different premises located in buildings owned by VIDEUM AB in Växjö. Two offices and two lecture halls was compared. The calculated differences in energy demand could be derived to longer operating times during weekends for one system. One office had a large constant air flow even during absence which also led to a greater energy demand. Whether the system was regulated by using carbon dioxide concentrations or temperature as indicators on air quality didn’t seem to affect the energy demand significantly. Unnecessary high flow rates and operating times affects the premises energy demand the more.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The oxidative biomarkers play an important role in the genesis of cardiometabolic risk related processes. This study aimed to investigate in clinically healthy young non-obese subjects, the total antioxidant capacity of plasma and its possible associations with anthropometric, body composition, clinical, biochemical and dietary related to cardiometabolic risk. This study evaluated individuals between the ages of 18 and 25 y, of two college of the state of Sergipe. Anthropometric parameters and body composition were measured using standardized techniques and previously described in the literature. Mechanical sphygmomanometer mercury column was used for the measurement of systolic and diastolic pressure. After fasting for 12 hours, by venipuncture, blood samples were collected to make biochemical parameters analysis and plasma antioxidant capacity. The samples (serum and plasma) were conditioned at -80°C until assay. Serum glucose, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein, triglycerides and total antioxidant capacity plasma was evaluated by colorimetric or turbidimetric assays. The daily dietary intake was assessed by food frequency questionnaire semi-quantitative. Comparisons between groups categorized by the 25th percentile of total antioxidant capacity plasma were performed using the Mann-Whitney- U test for numerical variables. The Spearman correlation were used to track the between total antioxidant capacity plasma and other variables. The results were presented as mean ± SD or absolute frequency and relative. The confidence interval was 95% and the level of statistical significance of 5%. The study included 139 subjects with a mean age of 21,4 ± 1,9 years, with 77% belonging to the female sex. There was no statistical difference between the groups established by percentile value 25th (2,635 mM) of the distribution of CAT using established groups. Regarding the components of cardiometabolic risk almost 25% of the sample had more than one component, 7.9% over two and 0.7% more than three, the most prevalent being reduced HDL cholesterol (15%). The value of CAT did not differ between the groups for the components of cardiometabolic risk. With regard to nutrient intake, individuals showed higher CAT less of trans fat consumption values, vitamin D, iodine and zinc. Inadequacies in energy intake, saturated fat, fiber, and vitamin D were substantial though not significant. There was no statistical difference to the daily dietary intake of any food groups according to the categorization of CAT. The CAT plasma was positively correlated with the PCSI variables (r =0,15, p =0,04) and glucose (r = 0,15, p = 0,03) and negatively with SBP (-0,18, p = 0,01). In the case of young people, non-obese and clinically healthy, unlike what occurs in people with diseases already installed the CAT was unable to predict the components of cardiometabolic risk, possibly because of the introduction of active compensatory mechanism in physiological conditions. / Os biomarcadores oxidativos desempenham importante papel na gênese de processos relacionados ao risco cardiometabólico. O presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar, em indivíduos jovens, não obesos e clinicamente saudáveis, a capacidade antioxidante total do plasma e suas associações com os parâmetros antropométricos, de composição corporal, clínicos, bioquímicos e dietéticos, relacionados ao risco cardiometabólico. Foram avaliados indivíduos com idade entre 18 e 25 anos, de duas instituições de ensino de nível superior do estado de Sergipe. Os parâmetros antropométricos e de composição corporal foram aferidos mediante técnicas, previamente padronizadas e descritas na literatura. Esfigmomanômetro mecânico de coluna de mercúrio foi utilizado para a aferição da pressão arterial sistólica e diastólica. Após jejum de 12 horas, mediante punção venosa, foram coletadas amostras de sangue, separadas em soro e plasma e acondicionadas a -80°C As concentrações séricas de glicose, colesterol total, lipoproteína de alta densidade, triacilgliceróis e capacidade antioxidante total do plasma foram analisadas por ensaios colorimétricos ou turbidimétricos. A ingestão dietética diária foi estimada mediante aplicação de questionário de frequência alimentar semi-quantitativo. As comparações entre grupos, categorizados pelo percentil 25 da capacidade antioxidante total do plasma, foram realizadas utilizando o teste de U-Mann-Whitney. Foi utilizado o teste de Spearman para rastrear as correlações existentes entre a capacidade antioxidante total do plasma e as demais variáveis estudadas. O intervalo de confiança foi de 95% e o nível de significância estatística de 5%. Participaram do estudo 139 indivíduos com idade média de 21,4 ± 1,9 anos, sendo 77% pertencente ao sexo feminino. Não houve diferença estatística entre os grupos estabelecidos pelo valor do percentil 25 (2,635 mM) da distribuição da CAT. Quanto aos componentes do risco cardiometabólico quase 25% da amostra apresentou mais de um componente, 7,9% mais de dois e 0,7% mais de três, sendo o mais prevalente o HDL-colesterol reduzido (15%). O valor de CAT não diferiu entre os grupos para os componentes do risco cardiometabólico. A CAT do plasma se correlacionou positivamente com as variáveis PCSI (r=0,15, p=0,04) e glicemia de jejum (r=0,15, p=0,03) e negativamente com a PAS (-0,18, p=0,01). Tratando-se de indivíduos jovens, não obesos e clinicamente saudáveis, diferente do que ocorre em populações com doenças já instaladas, a CAT não foi capaz de predizer os componentes do risco cardiometabólico, possivelmente, em razão da instauração do mecanismo compensatório atuante em condições fisiológicas.

This project presents an investigation if natural braking characteristics could be achieved on an open-loop hydraulic transmission without a brake valve. The goal with the simplified system was to utilize the directional control valve to achieve similar functionality as the brake valve does in the conventional system. If the solution functions properly, it will reduce costs, save time and simplify the conventional system which uses a dedicated brake valve. With a simulation model and practical experiments, the simplified system was thoroughly studied and tested. Two different concepts of how to control the directional control valve were developed, named Fixed Control and Torque Control. The Fixed Control concept has a predetermined de-stroking profile which is not affected by other system signals other than the gas pedal signal. The Torque Control concept uses in addition to the gas pedal signal, pressure sensors over the motors to maintain a constant braking torque. Both developed concepts were able to produce natural braking characteristics. However, the Torque Control concept performed better at different circumstances. Respective concept can be tuned further for improvements, but in the scope of this project the goal was accomplished. Utilizing the directional control valve to achieve a hydraulic brake function, has potential to be a solutionfor heavy mobile machinery in near future. However, further research and testing are required to be conducted on other heavy mobile machinery which have greater top speeds and load capabilities than the machinery used in this project.

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar a influência das variáveis ambientais na mortalidade de idosos (acima de 65 anos) por doenças cardiovasculares (DCV) e respiratórias (RES), nos condados de Los Angeles, Orange e Santa Bárbara na Califórnia, através de análises estatísticas, em particular de componentes principais (ACP). Para isso foram utilizados dados diários das estações meteorológicas dos condados (temperatura, pressão, umidade e velocidade do vento), de poluição do ar (NO2, CO, SO2 e O3) e da mortalidade por DCV e RES, durante o período 1975-2005. Além disso, foram calculados 7 índices de conforto térmico e estabelecidas as zonas de conforto para diferentes graus de percepção térmica a partir do índice de Temperatura Efetiva (TE). Os resultados verificaram tendências diferentes na variação temporal das DCV e RES. Enquanto as doenças RES tiveram um aumento bastante leve em todos os condados, as DCV apresentaram uma ligeira diminuição nos condados de Orange e Santa Bárbara, e uma diminuição constante e acentuada no condado de Los Angeles. Também se verificou uma variação sazonal significativa, com evidente aumento do número de óbitos de ambas as doenças durante o inverno e queda durante o verão. Em relação aos poluentes, foram observadas muitas ultrapassagens dos padrões nacionais de qualidade do ar principalmente para o O3, com 1443 vezes para o condado de Los Angeles, 771 para o Orange e 114 para Santa Bárbara. A partir dos índices de conforto térmico notou-se que o mês mais estressante devido ao calor foi setembro principalmente para os condados de Los Angeles e Santa Bárbara, e julho e agosto para o condado de Orange. Analisando a média de óbitos por sensação térmica observou-se um aumento das doenças nos extremos, principalmente quando a sensação é Muito Frio, com médias por doenças RES de 16,42, 3,31 e 0,81 e por DCV de 77,32, 15,37 e 2,92 nos condados de Los Angeles, Orange e Santa Bárbara, respectivamente. Com base na análise de correlação entre as variáveis e as doenças, observaram-se as melhores correlações no condado de Los Angeles, tanto para as doenças RES quanto DCV, e as correlações mais baixas foram observadas no condado de Santa Bárbara. Os resultados da ACP nos condados de Los Angeles e Orange verificaram o aumento da mortalidade por DCV no inverno, associadas a correlações positivas com os níveis de poluição principalmente em Los Angeles e ao estresse por frio, umidade e vento (via índice de conforto térmico) em Orange. Por outro lado, a mortalidade por doenças RES esteve mais associada às variações meteorológicas do que às concentrações de poluentes, observando-se associações positivas com o índice de calor (IC). Neste sentido, o condado de Orange apresentou maiores correlações com IC do que o condado de Los Angeles, além de uma variância maior (11,36 % contra 9,89 %). Por último, no condado de Santa Bárbara os resultados foram muito diferentes, já que tanto episódios de frio quanto de calor não mostraram impactos claros na população idosa, com respeito a ambos os grupos de doenças. O distintivo foi que os níveis de SO2 tiveram a maior associação positiva à mortalidade principalmente por DCV (0,53), embora tiver o condado as concentrações mais baixas das estudadas (média de 0,29 ppb). Em suma, os condados possuem estruturas sociais diferentes, apesar da semelhança do clima, fazendo com que os resultados sejam bastante dispares entre os mesmos. As perspectivas destes estudos pretendem colocar estes resultados para climas futuros, pois diversos episódios de ondas de calor ocorreram após o ano de 2005. / The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of environmental variables on the mortality of elderly patients (over 65 years) due to cardiovascular diseases (CD) and respiratory diseases (RD) in the counties of Los Angeles, Orange and Santa Bárbara, California; through statistical analyzes, in particular, principal components (PCA). For this purpose, daily data of the meteorological stations of the counties (temperature, pressure, humidity and wind speed), air pollution (NO2, CO, SO2 and O3) and mortality by CD and RD were used during the period 1975-2005. In addition, seven thermal comfort indexes were calculated and comfort zones were established for different degrees of thermal perception according to the Effective Temperature index (TE). The results showed different trends in the temporal variation of CD and RD. While RD diseases had a fairly mild increase in all counties, CD showed a slight decrease in Orange and Santa Barbara counties and a steady decline in Los Angeles county. There was also a significant seasonal variation, with an evident increase in the number of deaths from both diseases during the winter and fall during the summer. In relation to the pollutants, many national standards for air quality were exceeded, mainly for the O3, with 1443 times for Los Angeles, 771 for Orange and 114 for Santa Barbara. From the thermal comfort indexes it was noted that the most stressful month due to the heat was September, mainly for the counties of Los Angeles and Santa Barbara, and July and August for the county of Orange. Analyzing the average number of deaths due to thermal sensation, there was an increase of the illnesses in extreme, especially when the sensation is Very Cold, with RD averages of 16.42, 3.31 and 0.81 and CD average of 77.32, 15.37 and 2.92 in the counties of Los Angeles, Orange and Santa Barbara, respectively. Based on correlation analysis between variables and diseases, the best correlations were found in Los Angeles for both RD and CD, and the lowest correlations were observed in Santa Barbara. The results of PAC in the counties of Los Angeles and Orange showed the increase in CD mortality in winter associated to positive correlations with the levels of pollution mainly in Los Angeles and stress due to cold, humidity and wind (via thermal comfort index) in Orange. On the other hand, mortality due to RD diseases was more associated with meteorological variations than with pollutant concentrations, with positive associations with heat index (HI). In this sense, Orange County presented higher correlations with HI than the county of Los Angeles, in addition to a greater variance (11.36% vs. 9.89%). Finally, in Santa Barbara the results were very different, since both episodes of cold and heat did not show clear impacts in the elderly population, regarding both groups of diseases. The difference was that SO2 levels had the highest positive association with CD mortality (0.53), although this county had the lowest concentrations studied (mean 0.29 ppb). In sum, counties have different social structures, despite the similarity of the climate, making the results quite different between them. The perspectives of these studies intend to place these results for future climates, since several episodes of heat waves occurred after 2005.

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar a influência das variáveis ambientais na mortalidade de idosos (acima de 65 anos) por doenças cardiovasculares (DCV) e respiratórias (RES), nos condados de Los Angeles, Orange e Santa Bárbara na Califórnia, através de análises estatísticas, em particular de componentes principais (ACP). Para isso foram utilizados dados diários das estações meteorológicas dos condados (temperatura, pressão, umidade e velocidade do vento), de poluição do ar (NO2, CO, SO2 e O3) e da mortalidade por DCV e RES, durante o período 1975-2005. Além disso, foram calculados 7 índices de conforto térmico e estabelecidas as zonas de conforto para diferentes graus de percepção térmica a partir do índice de Temperatura Efetiva (TE). Os resultados verificaram tendências diferentes na variação temporal das DCV e RES. Enquanto as doenças RES tiveram um aumento bastante leve em todos os condados, as DCV apresentaram uma ligeira diminuição nos condados de Orange e Santa Bárbara, e uma diminuição constante e acentuada no condado de Los Angeles. Também se verificou uma variação sazonal significativa, com evidente aumento do número de óbitos de ambas as doenças durante o inverno e queda durante o verão. Em relação aos poluentes, foram observadas muitas ultrapassagens dos padrões nacionais de qualidade do ar principalmente para o O3, com 1443 vezes para o condado de Los Angeles, 771 para o Orange e 114 para Santa Bárbara. A partir dos índices de conforto térmico notou-se que o mês mais estressante devido ao calor foi setembro principalmente para os condados de Los Angeles e Santa Bárbara, e julho e agosto para o condado de Orange. Analisando a média de óbitos por sensação térmica observou-se um aumento das doenças nos extremos, principalmente quando a sensação é Muito Frio, com médias por doenças RES de 16,42, 3,31 e 0,81 e por DCV de 77,32, 15,37 e 2,92 nos condados de Los Angeles, Orange e Santa Bárbara, respectivamente. Com base na análise de correlação entre as variáveis e as doenças, observaram-se as melhores correlações no condado de Los Angeles, tanto para as doenças RES quanto DCV, e as correlações mais baixas foram observadas no condado de Santa Bárbara. Os resultados da ACP nos condados de Los Angeles e Orange verificaram o aumento da mortalidade por DCV no inverno, associadas a correlações positivas com os níveis de poluição principalmente em Los Angeles e ao estresse por frio, umidade e vento (via índice de conforto térmico) em Orange. Por outro lado, a mortalidade por doenças RES esteve mais associada às variações meteorológicas do que às concentrações de poluentes, observando-se associações positivas com o índice de calor (IC). Neste sentido, o condado de Orange apresentou maiores correlações com IC do que o condado de Los Angeles, além de uma variância maior (11,36 % contra 9,89 %). Por último, no condado de Santa Bárbara os resultados foram muito diferentes, já que tanto episódios de frio quanto de calor não mostraram impactos claros na população idosa, com respeito a ambos os grupos de doenças. O distintivo foi que os níveis de SO2 tiveram a maior associação positiva à mortalidade principalmente por DCV (0,53), embora tiver o condado as concentrações mais baixas das estudadas (média de 0,29 ppb). Em suma, os condados possuem estruturas sociais diferentes, apesar da semelhança do clima, fazendo com que os resultados sejam bastante dispares entre os mesmos. As perspectivas destes estudos pretendem colocar estes resultados para climas futuros, pois diversos episódios de ondas de calor ocorreram após o ano de 2005. / The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of environmental variables on the mortality of elderly patients (over 65 years) due to cardiovascular diseases (CD) and respiratory diseases (RD) in the counties of Los Angeles, Orange and Santa Bárbara, California; through statistical analyzes, in particular, principal components (PCA). For this purpose, daily data of the meteorological stations of the counties (temperature, pressure, humidity and wind speed), air pollution (NO2, CO, SO2 and O3) and mortality by CD and RD were used during the period 1975-2005. In addition, seven thermal comfort indexes were calculated and comfort zones were established for different degrees of thermal perception according to the Effective Temperature index (TE). The results showed different trends in the temporal variation of CD and RD. While RD diseases had a fairly mild increase in all counties, CD showed a slight decrease in Orange and Santa Barbara counties and a steady decline in Los Angeles county. There was also a significant seasonal variation, with an evident increase in the number of deaths from both diseases during the winter and fall during the summer. In relation to the pollutants, many national standards for air quality were exceeded, mainly for the O3, with 1443 times for Los Angeles, 771 for Orange and 114 for Santa Barbara. From the thermal comfort indexes it was noted that the most stressful month due to the heat was September, mainly for the counties of Los Angeles and Santa Barbara, and July and August for the county of Orange. Analyzing the average number of deaths due to thermal sensation, there was an increase of the illnesses in extreme, especially when the sensation is Very Cold, with RD averages of 16.42, 3.31 and 0.81 and CD average of 77.32, 15.37 and 2.92 in the counties of Los Angeles, Orange and Santa Barbara, respectively. Based on correlation analysis between variables and diseases, the best correlations were found in Los Angeles for both RD and CD, and the lowest correlations were observed in Santa Barbara. The results of PAC in the counties of Los Angeles and Orange showed the increase in CD mortality in winter associated to positive correlations with the levels of pollution mainly in Los Angeles and stress due to cold, humidity and wind (via thermal comfort index) in Orange. On the other hand, mortality due to RD diseases was more associated with meteorological variations than with pollutant concentrations, with positive associations with heat index (HI). In this sense, Orange County presented higher correlations with HI than the county of Los Angeles, in addition to a greater variance (11.36% vs. 9.89%). Finally, in Santa Barbara the results were very different, since both episodes of cold and heat did not show clear impacts in the elderly population, regarding both groups of diseases. The difference was that SO2 levels had the highest positive association with CD mortality (0.53), although this county had the lowest concentrations studied (mean 0.29 ppb). In sum, counties have different social structures, despite the similarity of the climate, making the results quite different between them. The perspectives of these studies intend to place these results for future climates, since several episodes of heat waves occurred after 2005.