I denna studie har effekterna av en dynamisk leveldesign undersökts som baserat sig på konceptet Multiplayer Difficulty Adjustment. Konceptet baseras på flera olika källor men handlar igrunden om att behålla spelare i Flow.Baldwin (2014)gjorde en undersökning där effekterna av en ändring till HP för den förlorande spelaren utvärderades. Till skillnad har denna studie ändrat på nivåns design för att undersöka dess effekter och eventuella likheter till Baldwin. Det gjordes med spelet CS: GO (2013) där en egengjord nivå skapades medett system som simulerade en dynamisk förändring i nivån.Med denna nivå utfördes studien med 24 deltagare där matchstatistik, kvantitativadata och kvalitativa intervjuer samlades in. Även om deltagarantalet var lågt, så kan man se tydliga indikationer på att systemet balanserar ut spelet för deltagarna. Man kan även dra slutsatsen från intervjuerna att deltagarna föredrarsystemet men att det enbart får inkluderas i ”casual” spellägen.

La aritmética en coma fija tiene la propiedad de realizar operaciones con números decimales con un coste computacional entero. A pesar de no estar soportada de forma nativa por los lenguajes de programación y por las CPUs generalistas, es la aritmética ideal para aplicaciones de control industrial, simulación, informática gráfica, multimedia y señal digital, etc. Su falta de normalización y soporte impide su uso extendido en muchos campos de la informática. Esta tesis justifica la utilización de esta aritmética en el campo de los gráficos por computador. A partir de un estudio de implementación y normalización de la aritmética, se estudian incrementos de potencia relativos y precisiones obtenidas y su aplicación a la simulación discreta y de vuelo. Se analizan los algoritmos de dibujo de primitivas básicas como las líneas, con y sin aliasing, su recortado y el dibujo de circunferencias y elipses. Se presentan algunas implementaciones de algoritmos basados en la coma fija y se analiza la mejora del coste computacional y de la precisión obtenida respecto de los algoritmos de fuerza bruta y de los tradicionales. Mientras los algoritmos tradicionales suelen entregar un error comprendido entre los 0.32 y 0.45 píxeles, dependiendo de la primitiva analizada, los algoritmos basados en la coma fija no superan los 0.25 de media, igualando el error teórico generado por los algoritmos de fuerza bruta. Por otro lado, los algoritmos basados en la aritmética en coma fija suelen mejorar la velocidad media de los algoritmos tradicionales, pudiéndose a veces conseguir aceleraciones elevadas si se utilizan técnicas de paralelización. Éste sería el caso de la versión paralela del algoritmo DDA con y sin antialiasing que podría dibujar una recta con coste temporal logarítmico respecto de su longitud en píxeles. Los algoritmos obtenidos son tan sencillos que pueden ser implementados algunos de ellos en hardware dentro de un procesador gráfico de forma muy eficiente. / Mollá Vayá, RP. (2001). Aplicaciones de la aritmética en coma fija a la representación de primitivas gráficas de bajo nivel [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/15406 / Palancia

The work deals with the analog design of low-voltage and low-power differential difference amplifier DDA with adaptive differential input stage, second stage class AB, improved by a self – cascode to achieve higher gain and slew rate. Conventional and unconventional techniques, and methods for low-voltage and low-power design are presented. The finished design of the differential difference amplifier DDA with the analyzed results is presented. Design of a Butterwortho low-pass filter of the sixth order based on DDA with Sallen Key topology and design of a multifunctional ARC filter based on DDA.

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-03-07T11:27:08Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Poliana Nascimento Arruda - 2015.pdf: 2671904 bytes, checksum: 0ccd127461223a3858ff55187eeb2597 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-03-07T11:30:57Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Poliana Nascimento Arruda - 2015.pdf: 2671904 bytes, checksum: 0ccd127461223a3858ff55187eeb2597 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-07T11:30:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Poliana Nascimento Arruda - 2015.pdf: 2671904 bytes, checksum: 0ccd127461223a3858ff55187eeb2597 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-11-24 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The existence of basic sanitation, as well as its quality is essential to the composition of a healthy environment. Several factors influence the search for quality services as fair tariffs, satisfaction of users of services, the management and the management sanitary actions among other attributes that basic sanitation of the municipality must contain and influence in achieving satisfactory index under health, education, economy, etc. This study aimed conduct a survey the characteristics of the Water Supply Systems (SAA) and System Sewage (SES), covering the management of services, collection and control, user satisfaction and the quality of the water distributed, and as the contents of Acute Diarrhoeal Diseases (DDA) in 21 municipalities in the state of Goiás in the management of sanitation services are performed by public bodies, or by municipalities through local authorities, departments and offices. The characteristics of the systems were obtained through on-site visits with application forms for healthcare managers, as well as forms of satisfaction for consumers in the period 2012 to 2014. The water quality data and DDA incidence come from respectively the Ministry of Health programs, Environmental Health Surveillance related to Water Quality for Human Consumption (Vigiagua) and Acute Diarrhoeal Diseases Monitoring (MDDA) for the year 2014. It was observed that in ten municipalities systems are managed by local authorities, four by departments and offices and seven without specific organ. The absence of water treatment was found in seven counties, six without specific organ, explaining the relationship with the management. In sewage noticed a deficiency in the presence of black tanks fully in 57,1% of the municipalities. The satisfaction of the population is related to economic, cultural and political factors, the latter being the predominant on the situation of public water and sewage, wherein the way management influences the existence of better infrastructure conditions. In the 21 municipalities tariff revisions occur in different ways and there is not a specific regulatory entity, the collection was observed in 67% of these municipalities. It was observed that in 21 municipalities there is a greater need as investment in infrastructure and the Goiana Agency Regulation, the regulatory body of the 225 remaining municipalities in the state of Goiás, while not complying with the law in all its spheres, contributes effectively in quality the services offered. As for water quality, it was found that the municipalities that do not have treated water levels above 70% of samples outside the potability standard were found, not being a correlation between the incidence of DDA and this aspect. Compliance with the guidelines Vigiagua is unsatisfactory, particularly for fluoride parameter and turbidity. It needs to occur an interaction between environmental and health sectors for the data to be analyzed together in order to be practical preventive, educational and corrective actions. / A existência de saneamento básico, assim como sua qualidade é essencial para a composição de um ambiente salubre. Diversos fatores influenciam na busca por serviços de qualidade, como tarifas justas, a satisfação dos usuários dos serviços, a gestão e o gerenciamento das ações sanitárias entre outros atributos que o saneamento básico do município deve conter e que influenciam no alcance de índices satisfatórios no âmbito da saúde, educação, economia e etc. Esse estudo objetivou realizar um levantamento das características dos Sistemas de Abastecimento de Água (SAA) e Sistema de Esgotamento Sanitário (SES), abrangendo a gestão dos serviços, a cobrança e a regulação, a satisfação dos usuários e a qualidade da água distribuída, bem como os índices de Doenças Diarreicas Agudas (DDA) em 21 municípios do estado de Goiás em que a gestão dos serviços de saneamento são realizadas por entidades de direito público, ou seja, pela prefeituras por meio de autarquias, departamentos e secretarias. As características dos sistemas foram obtidas por meio de visitas in loco com aplicação de formulários para os gestores dos sistemas, além de formulários de satisfação para os consumidores no período de 2012 a 2014. Os dados da qualidade da água e da incidência de DDA são oriundos respectivamente dos programas do Ministério da Saúde, Vigilância Ambiental em Saúde relacionada à Qualidade da Água para Consumo Humano (Vigiagua) e Monitoramento de Doenças Diarreicas Agudas (MDDA) referentes ao ano de 2014. Observou-se que em dez municípios os sistemas são geridos por autarquias, quatro por departamentos e secretarias e sete não possuem órgão específico. A ausência de tratamento de água foi encontrada em sete municípios, sendo seis sem órgão específico, explicitando a relação com a gestão. No esgotamento sanitário notou-se uma deficiência com a presença de fossas negras integralmente em 57,1% dos municípios. A satisfação da população está relacionada a fatores econômicos, culturais e políticos, sendo esse último o preponderante para a situação dos serviços públicos de água e esgoto, sendo que a forma de gestão influencia na existência de melhores condições de infraestrutura. Nos 21 municípios as revisões tarifárias ocorrem de diferentes formas não havendo um ente regulador específico, sendo observada a cobrança em 67% desses municípios. Foi observado que nos 21 municípios há uma maior carência quanto aos investimentos em infraestrutura e que a Agência Goiana de Regulação, órgão regulador dos 225 municípios restantes do estado de Goiás, mesmo não cumprindo com a legislação em todas as suas esferas, contribui efetivamente na qualidade dos serviços oferecidos. Quanto a qualidade da água, foi verificado que nos municípios que não possuem água tratada índices acima de 70% de amostras fora do padrão de potabilidade foram encontradas, não sendo verificada correlação entre a incidência de DDA e esse quesito. O cumprimento das diretrizes do Vigiagua encontra-se insatisfatória, principalmente para o parâmetro flúor e turbidez. É necessário que ocorra uma interação entre os setores ambientais e de saúde para que os dados sejam analisados em conjunto no intuito de haver práticas de ações preventivas, educativas e corretivas.

Le but de ce travail est de déterminer par méthodes optiques la distribution de taille (pdf) des nanoparticules de suie, agrégats de morphologie fractale. Après des études préliminaires qui utilisent DDSCAT pour valider la théorie RDG-FA et permettent de convertir un rayon de giration en rayon de mobilité, deux diagnostics optiques sont étudiés. Le premier consiste à exploiter une mesure d'extinction spectrale de la lumière. Nous montrons que pour exploiter ce signal, il faut connaître les propriétés optiques des suies, leur préfacteur et dimension fractale, la loi de distribution et le diamètre des sphérules primaires. Le second diagnostic tire parti de la mesure angulaire de la diffusion de la lumière. Nous montrons qu'il est possible de déterminer la pdf à l'aide de la mesure de diffusion à trois angles. Il faut supposer la loi de distribution et la dimension fractale. Cette deuxième approche, in-situ, est plus appropriée que la première pour déterminer optiquement la pdf des suies. / The objective of this thesis is to determine by optical methods the soot size distribution. Soot are fractal-like morphology nanoparticles aggregates. After preliminary studies which used DDSCAT to validate the RDG-FA theory and allow converting gyration radius to mobility radius, two optical approaches are considered. The first one is based on a measure of spectral light extinction by soot. To exploit this signal, the knowledge of soot optical properties, fractal prefactor, type of law distribution, fractal dimension and primary spheres diameters are needed. The second one exploits the measure of angular scattering by particles. It is possible to determine the size distribution by using scattering measurement at only three angles. However, it's necessary to assume the type of law distribution and the fractal dimension. This second approach is more appropriate than the first one to determine optically the size distribution of soot and hold the interest to be in-situ.

Cette thèse porte sur l'étude du positionnement optimale des réseaux de capteurs pour la localisation de sources. Nous avons étudié deux approches: l'approche basée sur les performances de l'estimation en termes d'erreur quadratique moyenne et l'approche basée sur le seuil statistique de résolution (SSR).Pour le première approche, nous avons considéré les bornes inférieures de l'erreur quadratique moyenne qui sont utilisés généralement pour évaluer la performance d'estimation indépendamment du type d'estimateur considéré. Nous avons étudié deux types de bornes: la borne Cramér-Rao (BCR) pour le modèle où les paramètres sont supposés déterministes et la borne Weiss-Weinstein (BWW) pour le modèle où les paramètres sont supposés aléatoires. Nous avons dérivé les expressions analytiques de ces bornes pour développer des outils statistiques afin d'optimiser la géométrie des réseaux de capteurs. Par rapport à la BCR, la borne BWW peut capturer le décrochement de l'EQM des estimateurs dans la zone non-asymptotique. De plus, les expressions analytiques de la BWW pour un modèle Gaussien général à moyenne paramétré ou à covariance matrice paramétré sont donnés explicitement. Basé sur ces expressions analytiques, nous avons étudié l'impact de la géométrie des réseaux de capteurs sur les performances d'estimation en utilisant les réseaux de capteurs 3D et 2D pour deux modèles des observations concernant les signaux sources: (i) le modèle déterministe et (ii) le modèle stochastique. Nous en avons ensuite déduit des conditions concernant les propriétés d'isotropie et de découplage.Pour la deuxième approche, nous avons considéré le seuil statistique de résolution qui caractérise la séparation minimale entre les deux sources. Dans cette thèse, nous avons étudié le SSR pour le contexte Bayésien moins étudié dans la littérature. Nous avons introduit un modèle des observations linéarisé basé sur le critère de probabilité d'erreur minimale. Ensuite, nous avons présenté deux approches Bayésiennes pour le SSR, l'une basée sur la théorie de l'information et l'autre basée sur la théorie de la détection. Ces approches pourront être utilisée pour améliorer la capacité de résolution des systèmes.

Kyoto University (京都大学) / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第13799号 / 工博第2903号 / 新制||工||1429(附属図書館) / 26015 / UT51-2008-C715 / 京都大学大学院工学研究科都市環境工学専攻 / (主査)教授 大西 有三, 教授 石田 毅, 准教授 西山 哲 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当

L’objectif de cette thèse était de développer et d’optimiser de nouvelles méthodologies et approches analytiques afin d’améliorer le potentiel de l’analyse protéomique pour les études biologiques.La première partie de ce travail est consacrée à la détermination massive et exacte de la position N-Terminale des protéines (N-Terminome). Pour cela, nous avons utilisé et développé une approche basée sur une dérivation N-Terminale au TMPP. Cette méthodologie de marquage de la position N-Terminale a permis d’aborder l’étude des clivages protéolytiques des protéines exportées par le parasite P. falciparum (pathogène de la malaria) dans le globule rouge.Afin de permettre une exploitation automatique à haut débit des données de MS/MS, nous avons élaboré une nouvelle méthodologie (dénommée dN-TOP). Celle-Ci repose sur l’utilisation de TMPP portant des isotopes stables et permet ainsi d’accéder à la détermination des positions N-Terminales pour des études de N-Terminome à large échelle.La seconde partie est dédiée aux développements de différentes stratégies analytiques de quantification, aussi bien au niveau peptidique qu’au niveau protéique, appliquées à une série de problématiques biologiques. Ces optimisations ont été réalisées dans le contexte de l’étude des complexes protéiques, du dosage de prion par SRM, de quantification des glycations d’anticorps monoclonaux thérapeutiques et de l’hémoglobine HbA2 pour la standardisation des méthodes de référence. / The objective of this Ph.D. thesis was to develop and optimize new methodologies and analytical approaches to improve the potential of the mass spectrometry based proteomics.The first part of this work focused on the development of the N-Termini proteomics. This topic was addressed with a specific N-Termini chemical derivatization based on TMPP. We have shown that our method allowed both specific N-Terminomics and classical proteomics studies in the same experiment.This N-Terminus methodology was applied to study the proteolytic cleavages of the exported proteins in P. falciparum, a parasite responsible for the malaria.In order to automatize the complex and tedious informatics processsing of the MS/SM data of ourTMPP based N-Terminomics method, we have introduced a new approach (named dN-TOP), based on the use of a stable isotope labeled TMPP which made now N-Terminome proteomics compatible with high throughput studies.The second part addresses quantitative aspects of proteomics. It describes the optimization of quantitative methods at the peptide level or at the protein level for five different proteomic studies in the context of protein complex subunits, targeted SRM based prion, quantification of monoclonal antibodies glycation and hemoglobin HbA2 for reference measurement methods standardization.

The thesis deals with the current round of WTO negotiations. The aim of thesis is to identify the most important milestones of Doha Round development. Particular chapters are devoted to identified milestones, which are the most important ministerial conferences. The thesis describes the process and the outcomes of these conferences and the potential impact of outputs on international trade.

The presented diploma thesis is focused on the Localized Surface Plasmons (LSP). The far-field optical response of the colloidal solutions of gold nanoparticles caused by LSP was investigated and compared with the numerical calculations. For the simulations, the Discrete Dipole Approximation (DDA) and Finite-Difference Time Domain (FDTD) techniques were employed. In particular, the shape and size effects of spherical particles and nanorods were studied. The simulations performed by both methods are in a good agreement for the spheres. For the nanorods, the resonance was found to be affected markedly by their geometry. Also, broader resonance peaks were found. This effect was assigned to the sample size distribution and its influence is discussed by comparing the simulations with experiments. In addition, synthesis of nanorods was carried out as well. Finally, the results on the study of optical properties of silver clusters formed under equilibrium conditions are presented.