Nesta tese que tem como escopo as sentenças marcadas para foco no português falado no Libolo/Angola, reconsideramos a função do verbo ser como cópula e do elemento que como pronome relativo, complementizador ou marcador de foco associados às sentenças tradicionalmente analisadas como clivadas (BRITO & DUARTE, 2003; BRAGA, KATO & MIOTO, 2009). Assim, apresentamos, dentro de uma perspectiva minimalista de derivação por fases phases (CHOMSKY 2000, 2001, 2005, 2008), uma proposta de descrição e análise das construções marcadas para foco no português do Libolo. Além disso, nesta tese apresentamos: i) os aspectos histórico-sociais de Angola e, em específico, do Libolo; ii) um panorama da situação linguística de Angola, destacando o município do Libolo e inserindo um levantamento dos grupos de pesquisa e de trabalhos já realizados que privilegiam a temática da língua portuguesa no país; iii) um capítulo metodológico que não apenas apresenta o caminho para a construção do corpus e delimitação dos dados para a tese, mas levanta, ainda, o percurso que resultou as bases metodológicas do Projeto Libolo em que esta tese se insere. / In this thesis which scope is the focus markeds sentences in the Libolos spoken Portuguese (Angola), we reconsidered the function of the verb \"ser\" as a copula and the element \"que\" as a relative pronoun, complementizer or focus marker associated with the sentences traditionally analyzed as cleft sentences (BRITO & DUARTE, 2003; BRAGA, KATO & MIOTO, 2009). Therefore, we present, in a minimalist perspective of derivation by phase (CHOMSKY 2000, 2001, 2005, 2008), a proposal for a description and analysis of the marked form to focus in the Libolos Portuguese. Furthermore, well feature: i) the social historical aspects of Angola and, in particular, of Libolo; ii) an overview of the linguistic situation in Angola, emphasizing the Libolo and inserting a survey of research groups and publishing already done that privilege the theme of the Portuguese language in the country; iii) a methodological chapter that not only shows the way to build the corpus and delimitation of the data for the thesis, but it raises also the way that led the methodological basis of Projeto Libolo which this thesis is part.

La formation des noms qui dèrivent d'un verbe n'est pas une chose simple. Ce qui rend la complexité de ce type de dérivation apparente, la mise en œuvre de plusieurs stratégies morphologiques. Notre travail sera consacré à l'étude de la structure des noms verbaux du berbère de ksar Tit n'Ali au sein du cadre théorique de la phonologie autosegmentale, et plus particulièrement du modèle CVCV (Lowenstam 1996). / This thesis contributes to the study about nouns related to verbs of the berber language spoken in Ksar Tit n’Ali (a region located on the Valley of High Guir in southern Morocco). This work aims to show, firstly, the nouns derived from verbs considered “common”or “normal” which refer to an action, in this case: action nouns, agent nouns and instrument nouns. Secondly, the verbs derived from stative verbs, especially: quality nouns and nouns we called unofficially stative nouns. As we analysed the collected informations, we found out that the existence of plenty of verbal roots and the implementation of several strategies makes this derivational operation very far from being clear. Our goal is to demonstrate the various mechanisms operated to reconcile between a - concatenative- external morphology and internal morphology -non concatenative- in order to achieve a pattern. We aim to clear the final templatic scheme that is subject to major constraints on the lexicon or the result of a morphological process. In addition, given the importance of the left site in the derivation of nominal units, we devoted a chapter to the question of the initial vowel equipment and its relationship with the passage from free status of an item to its status of annexation. Starting from the findings of predecessors and analyzing the elements of the spoken language, which is the object of our research, we realize fertility of linguistic literature in this case has not resolved our problematic completely.

O fator VIII de coagulação (FVIII), recombinante ou purificado de plasma, é o biofármaco necessário para o tratamento da hemofília A, a doença hemorrágica mais freqüente em humanos. O método tradicional para a purificação de FVIII parte de crioprecipitado de plasma e precipitação alcoólica. No Instituto Butantan, foi proposto um método alternativo, utilizando somente cromatografia para esta purificação. Este projeto teve por objetivo comparar dois métodos cromatográficos de purificação do FVIII: 1 - gel filtração direta do plasma e 2 - pré-purificação de FVIII do plasma por cromatografia de troca aniônica, seguida de gel filtração. A purificação foi analisada por dosagens de atividade específica de FVIII e presença de outras proteínas da cascata de coagulação nas frações de cromatografia. Foram realizadas clonagem de fragmentos gênicos de FVIII e expressão de fragmentos protéicos para imunização de animais. Os soros com anticorpos policlonais anti-FVIII foram usados em ensaios de \"western blot\" para detectar as cadeias de FVIII ou degradação. / Coagulation factor VIII (FVIII), recombinant or purified from plasma, is the biopharmaceutical used for treatment of haemophilia A, the most frequent human hemorrhagic disorder. The traditional method used for purification of FVIII starts from plasma cryoprecipitate and alcoholic precipitation. The Instituto Butantan proposed an alternative methodology using only chromatography for FVIII purification. The main objective of this project was to compare two chromatographic methods for FVIII purification: 1 - direct plasma gel filtration and 2 - pre-purification of FVIII by anion exchange chromatography, followed by gel filtration. The purification process was analyzed by determination of FVIII specific activity and detection of other coagulation factors co eluting in chromatographic fractions. Fragments of FVIII gene were cloned and protein fragments were expressed for animal immunization. Sera with polyclonal antibodies anti-FVIII were used in western blots assays to detect FVIII chains or its degradation.

This work deals with the automatic control of calculations of specialized system. The reader is acquainted with the numerical solution of differential equations by Taylor series method and numerical integrators. The practical aim of this work is to analyze parallel characteristics of Taylor series method, specification of parallel math operations and design of control of this operations.

This master thesis deals with the construction of a system for automatic classification of~unknown words based on derivation bonds. For this purpose, the system was designed to~extract derivative links based on electronic dictionaries and to create word-forming models from them. Based on this knowledge, it is then possible to incorporate unclassified words into existing nests formed from the obtained bonds, and their models, or create new ones. The reader will be gradually acquainted with the reasons that lead to the continuous transformation or expansion of the lexicon, the ways in which the words in~the~Czech language are derived and how to obtain information about the changes caused by this derivation process. This system builds on and extends the research of the branch of morphology in~the~project of a morphological analyzer of the Research Group of Knowledge Technologies, working at the Faculty of Information Technology of the Brno University of~Technology.

The application of the finite integral of multiple variable functions is penetrating into more and more industries and science disciplines. The demands placed on solutions to these problems (such as high accuracy or high speed) are often quite contradictory. Therefore, it is not always possible to apply analytical approaches to these problems; numerical methods provide a suitable alternative. However, the ever-growing complexity of these problems places too high a demand on many of these numerical methods, and so neither of these methods are useful for solving such problems. The goal of this thesis is to design and implement a new numerical method that provides highly accurate and very fast computation of finite integrals of multiple variable functions. This new method combines pre-existing approaches in the field of numerical mathematics.

Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der flächendeckenden Ableitung spezifischer Gewässerinhaltsstoffe verockerter Fließgewässer aus Daten eines airborne Hyperspektralsensors. In diesem Zusammenhang wird ein innovatives Verfahren vorgestellt, welches die spezifische Entwicklung und Validierung von Ableitungsmodellen mit Fokus auf den Gewässerinhaltsstoffen Gesamteisen, Eisen(II), Eisen(III) und Sulfat beinhaltet. Im Rahmen der Arbeit wurden zwei Messkampagnen zur Erhebung der erforderlichen Gewässerproben und der Hyperspektraldaten am Fluss Spree südlich von Cottbus, Brandenburg, durchgeführt. Diese Daten bilden die Grundlage der Arbeit. Die entwickelte Methode führt eine automatisierte Verknüpfung der In situ- und der Hyperspektraldaten durch. Dies ermöglicht die Extrahierung der Spektralinformation aus den Hyperspektraldaten an der Probenentnahmestelle. Anschließend werden diese auf spezifische Indizes reduziert, welche ein Kernstück der Vorgehensweise darstellen. Diesbezüglich ist es notwendig, dass die Indizes die charakteristischen Spektraleigenschaften der Gewässerinhaltsstoffe berücksichtigen. Mittels der Regressionsanalyse werden für jeden Gewässerinhaltsstoff die zehn geeignetsten Indizes anhand des Bestimmtheitsmaßes zur Ableitung herangezogen und im Anschluss mittels der In situ-Daten validiert. Dies ermöglicht die Identifizierung des Regressionsmodells mit der höchsten Ableitungsgenauigkeit, welches zur Erstellung der Verteilungskarten der Gewässerinhaltsstoffe verwendet wird. Anhand der Verteilungskarten wird aufgezeigt, dass sich die aus airborne Hyperspektraldaten abgeleiteten Konzentrationen der Gewässerinhaltsstoffe zur Identifizierung von Stoffeinträgen durch Zuflüsse und resultierenden Strömungsänderungen eignen. Weiterhin ist die Konzentrationsbestimmung auch an Orten mit einem unwegsamen Gelände durchführbar, wodurch die aufgezeigte Vorgehensweise darüber hinaus für ein Monitoring verwendet werden kann.:Erklärung der Übereinstimmung mit dem Original 2 Danksagung 3 Kurzfassung 4 Abstract 5 Inhaltsverzeichnis 6 Abbildungsverzeichnis 8 Tabellenverzeichnis 11 Abkürzungsverzeichnis 14 Symbolverzeichnis 16 1. Einleitung 17 1.1. Hintergrund und Motivation 17 1.2. Zielsetzung 21 1.3. Struktureller Aufbau und methodisches Vorgehen 23 2. Verfahrensüberblick 26 2.1. Datenverknüpfung 26 2.2. Spektralindizes 27 2.3. Datenfilterung 27 2.4. Entwicklung der Regressionsmodelle 27 2.5. Ableitung und Validierung 28 3. Passive optische Gewässerfernerkundung 29 3.1. Erfassung der zurückgestreuten Strahldichten 30 3.1.1. Strahlungsprozesse in der Atmosphäre 33 3.1.2. Strahlungsprozesse an der Gewässeroberfläche 35 3.1.3. Strahlungsprozesse im Gewässerkörper 37 3.2. Eigenschaften der Gewässerfärbung 41 3.2.1. Inhärente optische Gewässereigenschaften (IOP) 41 3.2.2. Scheinbare optische Gewässereigenschaften (AOP) 43 3.3. Methoden der Gewässerfernerkundung 43 3.3.1. Analytische Methode 43 3.3.2. Empirische Methode 44 3.3.3. Schlussfolgerung 45 4. Datenerfassung 46 4.1. Untersuchungsgebiet 46 4.2. In situ–Daten 48 4.2.1. Messkampagne 2018 50 4.2.2. Messkampagne 2019 52 4.3. Fernerkundungsdaten 53 4.3.1. Gyrokopter als Trägerplattform 53 4.3.2. Sensorik 54 5. Erstellung der Spektralindizes 57 5.1. Spektralindizes der Literatur 57 5.2. Analyse spektraler In situ Messungen 62 5.3. Analyse extrahierter Spektralinformationen 64 6. Ergebnisse und Diskussion 69 6.1. Validierung 69 6.2. Evaluierung 74 6.3. Horizontalverteilung der Gewässerinhaltsstoffe in dem Fluss Spree 83 7. Zusammenfassung und Ausblick 90 Literatur 95 I. Anlage 105 I.I. Zum Kapitel 4: Datenerfassung 105 I.II. Zum Kapitel 5: Spektralindizes 122 I.III. Zum Kapitel 6: Ergebnisse und Diskussion 128 II. Prozessierung der hyperspektralen Fernerkundungsdaten 170 III. Anlage: Daten zur Charakterisierung des Untersuchungsgebietes 175 III.I. pH-Wert 177 III.II. Bestimmung Sichttiefe 177 III.III. Spektrale In situ-Messungen 179 III.IV. Bathymetrische Vermessung 182 III.V. Vertikaler Eisengradient 183 IV. Anlage: Einfluss des Bergbaus auf die limnischen Lebensräume 186 IV.I. Prozesse während und nach dem Bergbau 186 IV.II. Limnische Lebensräume 188 IV.II.i. Grundwässer 188 IV.II.ii. Fließgewässer 189 IV.II.iii. Standgewässer 190 / The present work deals with the area-wide derivation of the water constituents of ochred watercourses from data of an airborne hyperspectral sensor. In this context an innovative method is presented, which includes the specific development and validation of derivation models with focus on the water constituents total iron, ferrous iron, ferric iron and sulphate. Within the scope of the work, two measurement campaigns were carried out to collect the required water samples and hyperspectral data at the river Spree south of Cottbus, Brandenburg. These data are the basis of the thesis. The developed method performs an automated combination of the in situ- and hyperspectral data. This enables the extraction of spectral information from the hyperspectral data at the sampling point. Subsequently, these information is reduced to specific indices, which are a core part of the procedure. In this respect, it is necessary that the indices consider the characteristic spectral properties of the water constituents. By means of regression analysis, the ten most suitable indices for each water constituent are derived based on the coefficient of determination and subsequently validated using the in situ-data. This enables the identification of the regression model with the highest accuracy of derivation, which is used to create the distribution maps of the water constituents. The distribution maps show that the concentrations of water constituents derived from airborne hyperspectral data are suitable for identifying substance inputs from inflows and resulting flow changes. Furthermore, the determination of concentrations can also be carried out in places with impassable terrain, which means that the procedure shown can also be used for monitoring.:Erklärung der Übereinstimmung mit dem Original 2 Danksagung 3 Kurzfassung 4 Abstract 5 Inhaltsverzeichnis 6 Abbildungsverzeichnis 8 Tabellenverzeichnis 11 Abkürzungsverzeichnis 14 Symbolverzeichnis 16 1. Einleitung 17 1.1. Hintergrund und Motivation 17 1.2. Zielsetzung 21 1.3. Struktureller Aufbau und methodisches Vorgehen 23 2. Verfahrensüberblick 26 2.1. Datenverknüpfung 26 2.2. Spektralindizes 27 2.3. Datenfilterung 27 2.4. Entwicklung der Regressionsmodelle 27 2.5. Ableitung und Validierung 28 3. Passive optische Gewässerfernerkundung 29 3.1. Erfassung der zurückgestreuten Strahldichten 30 3.1.1. Strahlungsprozesse in der Atmosphäre 33 3.1.2. Strahlungsprozesse an der Gewässeroberfläche 35 3.1.3. Strahlungsprozesse im Gewässerkörper 37 3.2. Eigenschaften der Gewässerfärbung 41 3.2.1. Inhärente optische Gewässereigenschaften (IOP) 41 3.2.2. Scheinbare optische Gewässereigenschaften (AOP) 43 3.3. Methoden der Gewässerfernerkundung 43 3.3.1. Analytische Methode 43 3.3.2. Empirische Methode 44 3.3.3. Schlussfolgerung 45 4. Datenerfassung 46 4.1. Untersuchungsgebiet 46 4.2. In situ–Daten 48 4.2.1. Messkampagne 2018 50 4.2.2. Messkampagne 2019 52 4.3. Fernerkundungsdaten 53 4.3.1. Gyrokopter als Trägerplattform 53 4.3.2. Sensorik 54 5. Erstellung der Spektralindizes 57 5.1. Spektralindizes der Literatur 57 5.2. Analyse spektraler In situ Messungen 62 5.3. Analyse extrahierter Spektralinformationen 64 6. Ergebnisse und Diskussion 69 6.1. Validierung 69 6.2. Evaluierung 74 6.3. Horizontalverteilung der Gewässerinhaltsstoffe in dem Fluss Spree 83 7. Zusammenfassung und Ausblick 90 Literatur 95 I. Anlage 105 I.I. Zum Kapitel 4: Datenerfassung 105 I.II. Zum Kapitel 5: Spektralindizes 122 I.III. Zum Kapitel 6: Ergebnisse und Diskussion 128 II. Prozessierung der hyperspektralen Fernerkundungsdaten 170 III. Anlage: Daten zur Charakterisierung des Untersuchungsgebietes 175 III.I. pH-Wert 177 III.II. Bestimmung Sichttiefe 177 III.III. Spektrale In situ-Messungen 179 III.IV. Bathymetrische Vermessung 182 III.V. Vertikaler Eisengradient 183 IV. Anlage: Einfluss des Bergbaus auf die limnischen Lebensräume 186 IV.I. Prozesse während und nach dem Bergbau 186 IV.II. Limnische Lebensräume 188 IV.II.i. Grundwässer 188 IV.II.ii. Fließgewässer 189 IV.II.iii. Standgewässer 190

<div><b>1. A Closed-Loop Machine Learning and Compensation Framework for Geometric Accuracy Control of 3D Printed Products</b></div><div><b><br></b></div>Additive manufacturing (AM) systems enable direct printing of three-dimensional (3D) physical products from computer-aided design (CAD) models. Despite the many advantages that AM systems have over traditional manufacturing, one of their significant limitations that impedes their wide adoption is geometric inaccuracies, or shape deviations between the printed product and the nominal CAD model. Machine learning for shape deviations can enable geometric accuracy control of 3D printed products via the generation of compensation plans, which are modifications of CAD models informed by the machine learning algorithm that reduce deviations in expectation. However, existing machine learning and compensation frameworks cannot accommodate deviations of fully 3D shapes with different geometries. The feasibility of existing frameworks for geometric accuracy control is further limited by resource constraints in AM systems that prevent the printing of multiple copies of new shapes.<div><br></div><div>We present a closed-loop machine learning and compensation framework that can improve geometric accuracy control of 3D shapes in AM systems. Our framework is based on a Bayesian extreme learning machine (BELM) architecture that leverages data and deviation models from previously printed products to transfer deviation models, and more accurately capture deviation patterns, for new 3D products. The closed-loop nature of compensation under our framework, in which past compensated products that do not adequately meet dimensional specifications are fed into the BELMs to re-learn the deviation model, enables the identification of effective compensation plans and satisfies resource constraints by printing only one new shape at a time. The power and cost-effectiveness of our framework are demonstrated with two validation experiments that involve different geometries for a Markforged Metal X AM machine printing 17-4 PH stainless steel products. As demonstrated in our case studies, our framework can reduce shape inaccuracies by 30% to 60% (depending on a shape's geometric complexity) in at most two iterations, with three training shapes and one or two test shapes for a specific geometry involved across the iterations. We also perform an additional validation experiment using a third geometry to establish the capabilities of our framework for prospective shape deviation prediction of 3D shapes that have never been printed before. This third experiment indicates that choosing one suitable class of past products for prospective prediction and model transfer, instead of including all past printed products with different geometries, could be sufficient for obtaining deviation models with good predictive performance. Ultimately, our closed-loop machine learning and compensation framework provides an important step towards accurate and cost-efficient deviation modeling and compensation for fully 3D printed products using a minimal number of printed training and test shapes, and thereby can advance AM as a high-quality manufacturing paradigm.<br></div><div><br></div><div><b>2. Multiple Imputation and the Bootstrap for the Analysis of Big Data with Missingness</b></div><div><br></div><div>Inference can be a challenging task for Big Data. Two significant issues are that Big Data frequently exhibit complicated missing data patterns, and that the complex statistical models and machine learning algorithms typically used to analyze Big Data do not have convenient quantification of uncertainties for estimators. These two difficulties have previously been addressed using multiple imputation and the bootstrap, respectively. However, it is not clear how multiple imputation and bootstrap procedures can be effectively combined to perform statistical inferences on Big Data with missing values. We investigate a practical framework for the combination of multiple imputation and bootstrap methods. Our framework is based on two principles: distribution of multiple imputation and bootstrap calculations across parallel computational cores, and the quantification of sources of variability involved in bootstrap procedures that use subsampling techniques via random effects or hierarchical models. This framework effectively extends the scope of existing methods for multiple imputation and the bootstrap to a broad range of Big Data settings. We perform simulation studies for linear and logistic regression across Big Data settings with different rates of missingness to characterize the frequentist properties and computational efficiencies of the combinations of multiple imputation and the bootstrap. We further illustrate how effective combinations of multiple imputation and the bootstrap for Big Data analyses can be identified in practice by means of both the simulation studies and a case study on COVID infection status data. Ultimately, our investigation demonstrates how the flexible combination of multiple imputation and the bootstrap under our framework can enable valid statistical inferences in an effective manner for Big Data with missingness.<br></div>

This thesis addresses the problem of the lack of a systematic approach to the modernisation of the indigenous languages of South Africa, with particular reference to Venda. Thus, a systematic approach is proposed in this study for the development of modem terminology in Venda. This approach is based on the canonical model for language planning. In this model, terminology development should follow the following four steps: (1) analysis of the terminological needs of the situation, (2) preparation of a plan and strategies for research, (3) implementation of terminology in practice by means of suitable policies, and lastly, (4) evaluation and constant updating of terminology. Within the canonical model for language planning, different models or frameworks are proposed. First is the theoretical model, which follows the pragmatic approach rather than a purist approach and takes into consideration other extralinguistic factors such as the nature of the special subject field, the needs of the target users and the socio-cultural context. The pragmatic approach is divided into two phases, namely the borrowing phase and the indigenisation phase. In the borrowing phase the borrowed terms are incorporated into the language with immediate effect and these terms may be replaced by indigenous terms in the indigenisation phase where less specialised communication is used. In the indigenisation phase, different language internal term formation strategies were identified, namely semantic shift, derivation, compounding, paraphrasing, initialisms, acronyms, clipping and new word manufacture. It was established that the use of these term formation strategies in Venda requires linguistic expertise, technical expertise and cultural expertise. Accordingly, a sociolinguistic approach is recommended rather than a purely linguistic approach. Lastly, a model of practical terminology work and a model for cooperation and coordination are proposed for terminology work in this language. With regard to the former, various steps that should be followed in terminology work are outlined. In the latter model various language agencies, such as government departments, parastatals and non-governmental organisations that may be involved in the modernisation of this language are identified. A framework in which these agencies could cooperate and coordinate their terminology work is proposed. / Linguistics / D.Litt. et Phil. (Linguistics)

Dans cette thèse, j’étudie l’intransitivité scindée dans la famille linguistique arawak (Amérique du sud). L’analyse grammaticale du phénomène de l’intransitivité scindée s’appuie sur la prise en compte d’une part de ses motivations sémantico-pragmatiques, et d’autre part de ses réalisations morphosyntaxiques selon les catégories grammaticales, les changements de diathèse et les facteurs de TAM. En plus des marquages canoniques de l’agent et du patient d’un verbe transitif, les constructions impliquant des marquages non canoniques, comme celles engageant des verbes nominalisés ou un marquage différentiel, ont également été considérées.Cette étude non seulement révèle l’existence d’une grande diversité parmi les sous-types d’intransitivité scindée, mais propose les moyens de comprendre l’évolution diachronique de ces sous-types, avec laquelle ont pu interférer les effets du contact de langues. Les hypothèses avancées sur l’évolution historique des systèmes grammaticaux mettent à jour les voies où plusieurs langues ont pu s’engager vers des alignements à coloration accusative vs. ergative.Au travers de cette orientation, l’étude nous éclaire sur les différentes manières qu’a l’intransitivité scindée d’affecter l’alignement des actants, apportant ainsi sa contribution à la typologie des langues. / In this thesis I study in depth the split intransitivity in the Arawak family of languages of South America. The grammatical analysis of the split intransitivity phenomenon is based on both their semantico-pragmatical motivations and their morphosyntactical realizations according to grammatical categories, valence changes and TAM. Besides, I also take into account constructions involving other types such as nominalized verbs and differential marking.This study not only reveals the existence of a rich diversity of split intransitivity patterns within this family, but it also proposes paths to understand the diachrony of such patterns, involving shifts from ergative alignment to accusative alignment, for which the effects of language contact may have played an important role. In this connection, the study sheds light onto the ways split intransitivity has implication for alignment-type and it is thus of interest for language typology.