Die fünf Publikationen dieser Dissertation beschäftigen sich mit dem Destinations-auswahlprozess von aktiven Sporttouristen in Mittelgebirgsregionen. Dabei werden zunächst aktive Wintersporttouristen im Erzgebirge untersucht, danach mit Winter-sporttouristen im Schwarzwald und abschließend mit aktiven Sommersporttouristen im Erzgebirge verglichen. Es zeigt sich, dass einige Typen von Sporttouristen in Mittelgebirgen bezüglich ihrer Destinationsauswahl mit Sporttouristen in anderen Destinationstypen vergleichbar sind. Gleichzeitig lassen sich jedoch auch mittelge-birgsspezifische Typen von Sporttouristen identifizieren. Wintersporttouristen ver-schiedener Mittelgebirge unterscheiden sich deutlich, während Sommer- und Win-tersporttouristen, welche die gleiche Destination wählen, annährend vergleichbar sind. Zukünftig sind deshalb destinationsspezifische und zugleich saisonübergrei-fende Marketingstrategien zu empfehlen. / The five publications of this dissertation deal with the destination-choice-process of active sports tourists in highlands. Firstly, active winter sports tourists of the Erzge-birge are investigated. Afterwards these active winter sports tourists are compared with tourists of the Schwarzwald. Finally, active summer and winter sports tourists of one highland are compared with each other. The results show, that some types of active winter sports tourists of highlands are comparable with sports tourists in other destinations. However, there are also highland specific winter sports tourists. At the same moment, there are more differences between winter sports tourists of different highland destinations than sports tourists in summer or winter within one destination. Destination-specific and all-year marketing strategies can be recom-mended to destination management organizations as a consequence of this work.

Destination image is an aspect of tourism that requires crisis management (CM) and marketing, because it is vulnerable to crises and media coverage. The literature review identified that potential terrorist attacks and political instability were particularly influential in changing travellers' intentions to visit and perceptions of different destinations. To date, there is no published academic research on the changing images of Indonesia as a result of the prolonged 1997 crises (pre the Bali bombings) and the 2002 and 2005 crises (post the Bali bombings). This study addresses this by examining Indonesia's images from the perspectives of the Indonesian tourist industry and UK residents. This study also addresses gaps identified in the following destination image research areas: image formation, image change and crisis management. The review of current literature revealed that there has been little shift towards a greater use of qualitative or mixed-methods approach for the study of destination image. This research uses a mixed-methods approach to address the limitations that the use of a single, purely quantitative or quantitative approach would impose. Results from the primary research reveal that the images of Indonesia, including the security image is more positive among visitors than non-visitors. The research results suggest that Bali has strong unique images and these have allowed its tourism to continue and survive pre- and post- the crisis period. Furthermore, the results revealed that Indonesia's image has become more complex since 1997, specific factors affected its image during crisis, the critical role of the media in the development of image and tourism demand and why certain crisis management strategies proposed in the tourism literature are not effective. This research contributes to the study of image dimensions, differences, change and formation factors and the use of mixed-methods within a crisis context. The research also contributes within the area of crisis management by suggesting modifications to the current crisis management framework, making it more adaptable in certain contexts and suggests the need for 'knowledge management' and a 'logical incrementalism' approach when developing the CM plan. The implication of the research findings is that mixed-methods approach is compatible and beneficial in destination image research with similar or complementary research objectives.

Bakgrund: Bosnien-Hercegovina fick under Jugoslavienkriget i början på 90-talet sin turismnäring ödelagd. Turismnäringen i landet har ännu inte återhämtat sig trots att landet har en stor potential när det kommer till utbudet av turismdestinationer. För att återuppbygga turismnäringen i ett land som har blivit drabbat av ett krig krävs det stora satsningar för att åter vinna turisternas förtroende och för att sända ut en positiv bild av landet då turismen är en viktig inkomstkälla och kan användas som ett verktyg för att utveckla och få igång ekonomin efter ett krig. Problemet som denna studie ska försöka ge svar på är hur efterkrigslandet Bosnien-Hercegovina ska bära sig åt för att återskapa turismindustrin och marknadsföra landets, för turister attraktiva destinationer. Problem: Hur ska Bosnien-Hercegovina marknadsföra sina turistdestinationer för att åter locka turister till landet? Vilken typ av destinationer ska landet marknadsföra för att på bästa sätt återuppliva turismnäringen? Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att utreda hur ett efterkrigsland som Bosnien-Hercegovina bör hantera en efterkrigssituation för att återskapa turismnäringen i landet. Studien kommer att belysa de möjligheter som finns i landet och de destinationer som landet bör marknadsföra för att på bästa sätt återuppliva turismnäringen. Resultat: Studien som har genomförts visar att Bosnien-Hercegovina bör för att lyckas med turismen satsa på att marknadsföra de nischade destinationerna inom makrodestinationen. När dessa marknadsförs till olika turistgrupper och under olika årstider väcks intresse för landet från flera olika håll samtidigt vilket indirekt borde gynna makrodestinationen Bosnien-Hercegovina.

The Chinese outbound tourism market has experienced rapid growth over the past few years. This noticeable development provides the background and rationale for the study that identifies the travel behaviour of Chinese tourists, and the expectation and perception regarding South Africa. Based on the findings, some recommendations for marketing strategies and implementation are given, in addition to suggestions for future research directions in this field. The theoretical discussion focuses on concepts of travel behaviour. Travel behaviour, including travel motivation, decision-making process, and destination choice are then presented in more detail. The development of the Chinese economy and Chinese outbound tourism are also presented and discussed. The empirical research focuses on the travel behaviour of Chinese outbound tourists. The goal here is to determine and analyse the travel behaviour of tourists, outbound from Beijing, and their views on South Africa as a tourism destination. To accomplish this, the empirical research is designed from the quantitative perspective, and the data was collected by fieldworkers at the Beijing International Airport, using intercept surveys. This helps the researcher to understand the needs, motivation, and behaviour of the Chinese outbound tourists and assists the researcher in analysing the marketing strategy of South Africa as a tourist destination. / Thesis (M.Com. (Tourism))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2008.

This research was initiated from two questions: what personality San Antonio has as a tourist destination despite its being an inanimate object and what relationships there are among destination personality, self-congruity, and visitors’ intentions. A conceptual framework was employed based on these questions, and this research focused on the generation of the destination personality of San Antonio and how destination personality and self-destination congruity influence visitors’ intentions. Data were collected from students (n=143) at Texas A&M University in consideration of Texas residents who have visited San Antonio as the focal population for this research. A personality scale consisting of 31 items for San Antonio was first developed from a preliminary survey (n=19), which were then included in a main survey for the measurement of destination personality. Using an exploratory factor analysis, destination personality dimensions were generated with the 31 personality traits. Finally, five personality dimensions were extracted with 25 traits. The five personality dimensions were: competence, sincerity, culture, excitement, and vibrancy. Three of five dimensions were found in Aaker’s (1997) scale: competence, sincerity, and excitement. The dimension of culture was specific to San Antonio, while the dimension of vibrancy was found in another destination personality study. In this research, six hypotheses regarding the relationships among destination personality, self-congruity, and visitors’ intentions were tested using a multiple regression analysis. The results indicated that: (1) hypotheses 1 and 2, destination personality will have a positive impact on visitors’ intentions to return and to recommend, were supported in part; (2) hypotheses 3 and 4, four types of self-congruity (actual, ideal, social, and ideal social self-congruity) will have a positive effect on visitors’ intentions to return and to recommend, were not supported, but self-congruity as a single dimension was significant; (3) hypotheses 5 and 6, four types of congruity will mediate the relationship between destination personality and intentions to return and to recommend, were not supported, while destination personality as a single dimension was significant in terms of visitors’ intentions. The results offered practical implications. First, destination marketers need to focus on the personality of a destination from a marketing perspective. Specifically, destination marketers for San Antonio should place emphasis on sincerity regarding intention to return and sincerity and excitement regarding intention to recommend in order to attract potential visitors to San Antonio. Second, destination marketers should know that there is a connection between destination personality and visitors’ personalities. They should make their efforts to market to potential visitors who have personalities that are consistent with the destination’s personality.

[Abstract]Market segmentation has been identified in the tourism marketing literature as an effective tool that can be used by management to meet the needs of a market more efficiently and effectively. It has been widely used by researchers seeking to develop tourism segments. Historically, most segmentation studies have developed tourism profiles at a destination using 1) a visitor questionnaire survey developed from studies in the literature or 2) secondary data. Very little research has taken a stakeholder approach to destination segmentation, despite many authors arguing the importance of utilising a stakeholder approach for destination management and marketing purposes. This research proposes a two-step approach to destination segmentation. It details this approach using one Australian destination. The two-step approach to segmentation begins with firstly understanding how tourism stakeholders at a destination segment their market before surveying tourists for the purposes of identifying segments. In contrast to previous tourist-focused segmentation studies, the two-step approach recommended and detailed in this study considers both tourism stakeholders and tourists. The segments devised from the proposed approach are then compared and contrasted with segments currently utilised by the destination marketing organisation (DMO). Step one involved interviewing 14 tourism stakeholders to determine how they segment the market. Based on these findings, a questionnaire survey was developed and data was collected from 852 tourists. This represented step two of the approach. Three tourism segments were identified through cluster analysis. Only one of these three segments was comparable with the segments defined by the DMO. The other two were not considered in the DMO segmentation. These segments represented over half of all tourists in the sample. Based on the sample in this study, the DMO segments target less than a quarter of the types of tourists visiting the destination. Contributions to theory and practice were identified. Firstly, it was recognised that different tourism stakeholders attract different tourists, not all stakeholders segment their market, and some stakeholders do not adhere to segments targeted by the DMO which may lead to an inconsistent message in the market. Secondly, the two-step approach is a new method incorporating a stakeholder view, which gives a more holistic view and a richer description for the segments obtained when compared with academic and practitioner segmentation approaches. The two-step approach can be utilised at other tourist destinations. The two-step approach to segmentation is capable of assisting tourism marketers to target more of the tourists frequenting the destination. This study suggests that many dollars may be wasted targeting tourists that are not likely to travel to the destination and not targeting those who would. Future research should be conducted at alternative destinations to further the understanding of the recommended two-step approach to segmentation.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2008. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S.)--Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1993. / Vita. Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 88-90). Also available via the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2008. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S.)--Ohio State University, 2008. / Title from first page of PDF file. Includes bibliographical references (p. 105-106).