The research explain because of the proliferation of ballistic missile technology, the United States suffers the threat of mass destruction weapons. For maintaining the hegemony position of the United States in global region, the United States announces the missile defense project to protect American mainland and the overseas garrison forces security. In the Asia-Pacific region, North Korea lunches the Taep¡¦o-dong 1 ballistic missile in 1998. The United States and Japan cooperate to develop Theater Missile Defense to respond the threat that may suffer from North Korea. China feels anxiety about United States and Japan strength their military relationship. China explains Theater Missile Defense is unstable for Asia-Pacific region. Theater Missile Defense will decrease China strategic nuclear weapon ability. Facing the Taiwan may join the Theater Missile Defense, China is strong objection. Taiwan is one part of China. China puts forward reactions. Militarily, China also understands to develop anti-system weapon is rather important. As increase the ballistic missile, enhance the nuclear weapon and develop the missile defense ability. In addition to enhancing self military force, through the performance of diplomacy and participate in multilateral organizations to reach consociations front of the objection the United States. Keywords: Weapons of Mass Destruction Taep¡¦o-dong 1 ballistic missile Minimum Deterence Theater Missile Defense

<p>Abstract</p><p>University of Växjö, School of Social Sciences</p><p>Course: POC 536, Political Science 41-60</p><p>Title: The U.S. military intervention in Iraq – A study of how the intervention corresponds with the UN Charter</p><p>Authors: Andreas Malmgren & Johan Schneider</p><p>Supervisor: Lennart Bergfeldt</p><p>Date: 2006-09-26</p><p>The aim of this essay is through a qualitative literature study examine the main arguments of the Bush administration to justify a military intervention in Iraq. The theories used to explain the actions of the U.S. are system level analysis, hegemonism and realism while the UN Charter will be applied as a normative theory. The research questions are:</p><p>■ What were the main arguments of the Bush administration for a military intervention in Iraq?</p><p>■ How do these arguments correspond to the UN Charter?</p><p>U.S. claimed that Iraq was manufacturing nuclear weapons and this was threatening the security of the U.S. The administration also wanted to liberate the Iraqi people from the dictatorship of Saddam Hussein. When the U.S. could not get support through the UN they decided to act independently.</p><p>According to the UN Charter, UN or its member states are not allowed to intervene in matters within the domestic jurisdiction of any state neither is it allowed to act with a pre-emptive purpose. An exceptional clausal exists if the Security Council decides it is a threat to peace or peace crimes. If a state act without the UN mandate this could undermine the UN authority.</p><p>Keywords: Weapon of mass destruction, intervention, Iraq, UN Charter, Bush administration</p>

Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs)--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2003. / Thesis advisor(s): Peter R. Lavoy, James A. Russell. Includes bibliographical references. Also available online.

Ancient Egyptian belief in an afterlife influenced a wide variety of architectural and art forms. In the Eighteenth Dynasty at Thebes, non-royal officials were equipped with tombs that were decorated to aid in their everlasting sustenance and rebirth in the hereafter as well as commemorate them to living visitors. Part of this continuation of life involved the participation of the funerary cult of the deceased, as well as the prompting of visitors to speak the owner’s name and provide the required offerings—allowing (and encouraging) public access to the decorated tomb chapel. However, some visitors wished to harm the deceased’s perpetuation of life. In order to obliterate the memory of the tomb owner in the minds of the living and his existence in the afterlife, enemies carefully hacked the tomb owner’s images out of the decoration program in an act of damnatio memoriae. The owners of Theban tombs 66, 75, and 76 fell victim to this intentional destruction by contemporary hands.

The disposal of combustible wastes by incineration is a controversial issue that is strongly debated by both scientists and environmental activists due to the resulting emissions of noxious compounds, including (inter alia) polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), dibenzofurans (PCDFs), heavy metals and acid gases like sulfur dioxide. Currently available air pollution control devices are capable of effectively cleaning flue gases, and PCDD/F emissions to air from modern municipal solid waste (MSW) incinerators are low. However, the PCDD and PCDF end up in ash fractions that, in Sweden, are usually deposited in landfills. The European Union has recently set a maximum permitted total concentration of 15 µg TEQ/kg for PCDD/F species in waste. Fly ash from municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration containing PCDD/Fs at concentrations above this limit will have to be remediated to avoid disposing of them in landfills; an expensive and environmentally unfriendly option. Therefore, effective, reliable and cost-effective methods for degrading PCDD/F in fly ash are required, and a better understanding of the behavior of PCDDs and PCDFs during thermal treatment will be needed to develop them. In the studies this thesis is based upon both the formation and degradation of PCDDs and PCDFs in ashes from MSW incineration were studied. The main findings of the investigations regarding PCCD/F formation were: - The concentrations of PCDD and PCDF in fly ash increased with reductions in the temperature in the post-combustion zone. - The homologue profile in the ash changed when the temperature in the post-combustion zone changed. - The final amounts of PCDD and PCDF present were affected by their rates of both formation and degradation, and the mechanisms involved differ between PCDDs and PCDFs. The main findings from the degradation studies were: - The chemical composition of ash has a major impact on the degradation potential of PCDD and PCDF. - The presence of oxygen during thermal treatment can enhance the degradation of PCDD and PCDF. - Thermal treatment is a viable option for degrading PCDD and PCDF in ashes from MSW. - Shifts in chlorination degree occur during thermal treatment. - Rapid heat transfer into the ash is a key factor for ensuring fast degradation of PCDD and PCDF. - Degradation of other chlorinated organic compounds, e.g. PCB and HCB, also occurs during thermal treatment of ash. - Reductions in levels of PCDD and PCDF were not solely due to their desorption to the gas phase. - Differences between the behavior of 2378-substituted congeners of PCDD and PCDF and the other congeners during thermal treatment were observed. - Differences in isomer patterns of both PCDD and PCDF were observed between the ash and gas phases after thermal treatment at both 300 and 500 oC. Overall, the results show that the formation and degradation mechanisms of PCDDs differ substantially from those of PCDFs. Thus these groups of compounds should be separately considered in attempts to identify ways to reduce their concentrations.

Darbe pateikiama dviejų vienos žymiausių lietuvių populiariosios bei postmoderniosios prozos rašytojos Jurgos Ivanauskaitės romanų „Ragana ir lietus“ (1993) ir „Placebas“ (2002) analizė pasirinktu aspektu. Romanai pasirinkti dėl pagrindinių veikėjų panašumų: jas jungia gyvenimo isto-rijos, patiriamos meilės jausmas, gyvenimas modernybės laikais, vartotojiškoje visuomenėje. Darbe analizuojamos trys veikėjos: Viktorija („Ragana ir lietus“), Rita ir Julija („Placebas“). Akcentuojamos sąsajos tarp šių veikėjų nesugebėjimo patirti meilės, jos painiojimas su daugybe nebrandžių meilės formų: mazochistine, sadistiška, erotine, užvaldančia, stabmeldiška. Darbe keliama problema: Kas lemia veikėjų nesugebėjimą mylėti J. Ivanauskaitės ro-manuose? Svarbiausiu meilės jausmo degradacijos veiksniu, lemiančiu individo negebėjimą patirti meilės bei užmegzti su kitais asmenimis brandžių tarpusavio santykių, laikomas gyvenimas vartoto-jiškoje visuomenėje, kurioje vertybių skalė yra suardyta. Tiek vyrai, tiek moterys šiuolaikinėje visuo-menėje, kurioje vyrauja jaunystės ir gražaus kūno kultai, neišvengiamai išgyvena asmens tapatumo krizę. Remiantis Vytautu Kavoliu, juos galima vadinti krizės asmenybėmis, šios sąvokos aiškinimas dominuoja visame darbe. Tai asmenybė, nesugebanti sąmoningai konstruoti savo tapatumo, svyruojan-ti tarp daugybės pasirinkimų ir kraštutinumų, linkusi į savinaiką ir destrukciją. Nesugebėjimas patirti meilės tampa sprogstamuoju užtaisu, sunaikinančiu ne tik veikėjų... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The thesis provides for an analysis from certain point of view of two novels, “The Witch and the Rain” (1993) and “Placebo” (2002), written by Jurga Ivanauskaitė, one of the best-known Lithuanian authors of popular and post-modern prose. The novels were chosen due to the similarity of their key characters: they are united by the histories of their life, the feeling of love they are experiencing, life in the modern times, in the consumer society. Three characters are analysed: Viktorija (“The Witch and the Rain”), Rita and Julija (“Placebo”). The links between the characters with regard to their inability to feel love are emphasized, they are muddled up with many immature forms of love: masochistic, sadistic, erotic, overwhelming, and idolatrous. The problem raised in the thesis is as follows: What has determined the inability of the characters to love in the novels by J. Ivanauskaitė? Life in the consumer society, the scale of values in which is tattered, is the key factor of degradation of the feeling of love that determines the inability of an individual to feel love and enter into mature relations with other persons. Both men and women in the modern society, where youth and the cult of a beautiful body predominate, are inevitably experiencing the identity crisis. According to Vytautas Kavolis, they can be called crisis personalities, and the explanation of this concept predominates in the entire thesis. This is a person unable to consciously construe his/her identity... [to full text]

Magistro darbo objektas – „Svetimų“ almanache publikuoti penkių autorių Dainiaus Dirgėlos, Valdo Gedgaudo, Evaldo Ignatavičiaus, Alvydo Šlepiko, Donato Valavčiausko tekstai, taip pat vėlesnė poeto Valdo Gedgaudo kūryba, kurioje išryškėja naujos, rinkinyje dar neįtvirtintos ir negatyvizmo etetiką lietuvių poezijoje ženklinančios temos. Grupė atvirai deklaruoja naują, kitokią savo egzistencinę ir vertybinę poziciją, visišką atsiribojimą nuo ankstesnių lietuvių kūrybinių ir literatūrinių tradicijų, kartu įteisindama naują žmogaus ir pasaulio sampratą. Tekstams būdinga demitologizacija, destrukcija santykyje su tradicija, karnavalizuotai traktuojama mirties tema. Almanache itin ryški negatyvizmo tendencija, kuri nėra vien tik bruožas ar motyvas, negatyvizmo etetika čia ima dominuoti, virsta mąstymo kategorija. „Svetimi“ žymi lietuvių poezijos raidos lūžį, naują jos epochą, savo kūrybinę koncepciją grįsdami specifiniu dalyku – triukšmingu svetimumo manifestu – kaip naujos, aktyvios, ambicingos ir kitoniškos kūrybinės laikysenos strategija. Darbo metodai pasirinkti atsižvelgiant į išsikeltus uždavinius: aptarti ryškiausias negatyvizmo tendencijas atsispindinčias šiame almanache, atskleisti svetimumo sampratą jų kūtyboje, išanalizuoti mirties diskursą, postmodernias karnavališkumo strategijas bei krikščioniškų kontekstų desakralizaciją. Tad daugiausia naudojamas analitinis interpretacinis metodas. / The object of the master’s work deals with the texts of five authors Dainiaus Dirgėla, Valdas Gedgaudas, Evaldas Ignatavičius, Alvydas Šlepikas, Donatas Valavčiauskas published in the almanac “Outlanders” as well as the posterior creative works of poet Valdas Gedgaudas where novel topics marking the esthetics of negativism although not fixed in the selection are noticeable. The group declares a novel different existential and valuable position as well as expresses complete dissociation from the earlier Lithuanian creative literature traditions at the same time legalizing a modern conception of the human and the world. Demythologization, destruction along with traditions are characteristic to the texts as well as the topic of death is approached using the elements of the carnival. The tendency of negativism is especially noticeable in the almanac although it is not supposed to be just a motive or feature while the esthetics of negativism tends to dominate transforming into the category of intellection. “Outlanders” signifies the turning point of the process of the Lithuanian poetry as well as its incoming era predicating their creative conception on the specific object of the manifestos of hilarious foreignness as a modern active ambitious different strategy of position. The work methods were selected according to its objectives which include discussing the most dramatic tendencies of negativism reflected by the almanac, revealing conception of... [to full text]

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

26Al(p,p)26Al and 26Al(p,p’)26Al* scattering reactions were performed at the Holifield Radioactive Ion Beam Facility (HRIBF) at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). The purpose of the elastic scattering study was to determine properties of previously uncharacterized 27Si levels above the proton threshold in the energy range E(c.m.) ~ 0.5 - 1.5 MeV and to calculate reaction rates for the 26Al(p,γ[gamma])27Si reaction that destroys 26Al. The inelastic scattering reaction was also evaluated to investigate the reaction that produces the metastable state of 26Al at E(c.m.) = 228 keV, which would in turn destroy 26Al in the stellar environment. Pure 26Al beams (E(beam) = 13 - 41 MeV) with intensities of ~2*106 26Al/s bombarded a thin polypropylene target of 46 μ[micro]g/cm2 thickness for 7 days. Scattered protons were detected in the Silicon Detector Array (SIDAR), covering laboratory angles 18 to 41 degrees. Background events were rejected by detecting these protons in coincidence with recoiled 26Al particles in an ionization chamber, and proton yields were measured at 45 energies from E(c.m.) = 0.49 - 1.53 MeV. A thick 2.4 mg/cm2 polypropylene target was also bombarded with a 32 MeV 26Al beam for 1.5 days for comparison with thin-target excitation functions. Little evidence for the inelastic scattering reaction was observed, indicating that this is not a significant destruction pathway. For the first time, however, an upper limit for the cross section of this reaction was estimated, and it has been set at 5*10-2 barns. The first upper limits were also established for possible resonances of the elastic scattering reaction with angular momentum transfers up to L = 3 that were not directly observed by this study. Thin-target elastic scattering data suggested a potential resonance at E(r) = 544 keV, which had not been previously observed, with (9/2, 11/2)+ spin and proton width Γp[Gamma_p] ≤ 1 keV. Thick-target analysis appeared to confirm this result. An upper limit for the strength of this resonance was estimated to be 1.4*10-5 keV or 1.6*10-5 keV for a 9/2+ or 11/2+ state, respectively, moderately increasing the total 26Al(p,γ[gamma])27Si resonant reaction rate at supernova temperatures.