Esta pesquisa aborda algumas contribuições de Paul Otlet para a Ciência da Informação, tais como o desenvolvimento de um sistema de classificação conhecido como Classificação Decimal Universal, a ampla utilização de tecnologias emergentes, a constituição de redes cooperativas e a elaboração do conceito de documento. Estuda mais especificamente o Princípio Monográfico, que pode ser visto como um antecessor do hipertexto. Para tanto, reconstitui o pensamento de Paul Otlet identificando os recursos teóricos e metodológicos que utilizou para a elaboração do Princípio Monográfico. Focaliza também a interlocução mantida por ele com alguns dos representantes do Movimento Bibliográfico, surgido na Europa no final do século XIX e início do século XX, que colaboraram para o desenvolvimento do conceito do Princípio Monográfico. Considera-se que a importância de Paul Otlet esteja fundamentalmente ligada ao seu projeto de modernização dos processos de tratamento da informação. / This essay approaches some of Paul Otlet\'s contributions to the field of Information Science, such as the development of a classification system known as Universal Decimal Classification, wide utilization of emerging technologies, the establishment of cooperative networks and the elaboration on the concept of document. More specifically, it studies the Monographic Principle, which can be seen as the predecessor to hypertext. For such, it tries to recompose Paul Otlet\'s thought, identifying the theoretical and methodological resources used by him in the construction of the Monographic Principle. It also focuses the exchanges he had with some of the Bibliographic Movement\'s (originated in Europe between the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th) representatives, which in turn collaborated on the development of the Monographic Principle concept. It is considered that Paul Otlet\'s importance is fundamentally related to his project for the modernization of the processes for the treatment of information.

Esta pesquisa propõe uma abordagem de gestão de acervos em rede para três instituições públicas na cidade de Santo André, a saber: Museu de Santo André Dr. Octaviano Armando Gaiarsa, Casa do Olhar Luiz Sacilotto e Sabina Parque Escola do Conhecimento. O ponto de partida que determinou a seleção destes equipamentos culturais para que na relação entre eles pudesse se aplicar o objeto de estudo desta pesquisa foi o fato de, em comum, todos servirem à população da cidade de Santo André e possuírem acervos que necessitam de procedimentos museológicos. Qual o papel da gestão e da cadeia operatória museológica para estes acervos? Como resposta a esta pergunta se propõe a hipótese que a adoção da prática da gestão museológica, articulada em rede, respeitando a autonomia das instituições, garantiria sua preservação, asseguraria a execução adequada de recursos e o acesso público ampliado. Também uma premissa que deve ser posta é o fato de uma instituição possuidora de acervo gerar uma demanda pela gestão museológica do mesmo, o que justifica a inclusão da Casa do Olhar Luiz Sacilotto e da Sabina Parque Escola do Conhecimento na pesquisa. Por fim, pela sua natureza, a linha de pesquisa que orienta o projeto é a de Teoria e Método da Gestão Patrimonial e dos Processos Museológicos. / This research proposes a network management approach for collections of three public institutions in the city of Santo André, namely: Museu de Santo André Dr. Octaviano Armando Gaiarsa, Casa do Olhar Luiz Sacilotto and Sabina Parque Escola do Conhecimento. The starting point which determined the selection of these cultural facilities and apply them the object of study was the fact that, in common, all serve the population of the city of Santo André and have collections that require Museum procedures. What is the role of museum management and operative chain for these collections? In response to this question proposes the hypothesis that the adoption of the practice of museum management, articulated in the network, while respecting the autonomy of the institutions, would guarantee their preservation, would ensure the proper implementation of resources and public access. Also a premise that should be made is the fact that an institution be possessor of acquis generates a demand for museological management of same, what justifies the inclusion of Casa do Olhar Luiz Sacilotto and Sabina Parque Escola do Conhecimento in research. Finally, by its nature, the line of research that guides the project is the Theory and Method of Asset Management and Museological Processes.

Esta pesquisa visa avaliar os processos de catalogação das obras que compõem um museu de arte, tendo o MAC USP como estudo de caso e, como referências, as ferramentas de catálogos on-line, como a do MoMA, e as ferramentas utilizadas pelo Museu Nacional de Belas Artes do Rio de Janeiro (MNBA), pela Pinacoteca do Estado de São Paulo e pelo MASP, que fazem uso do sistema de gerenciamento Donato. Busca-se refletir sobre a gestão de coleções e os procedimentos de documentação das obras, incluindo o uso de fichas catalográficas. / This research aims to evaluate the cataloging processes of the works that comprise an art museum, focusing on MAC USP (Contemporary Art Museum of University of São Paulo) as a case study. Online catalog tools, such as of the MoMA (The Museum of Modern Art, New York), as well as the Donato collection management system, used by the National Fine Arts Museum of Rio de Janeiro (MNBA), the Pinacoteca of State of São Paulo and the MASP (Art Museum of São Paulo Assis Chateaubriand) were considered as reference. It is expected that this study will contribute to reflection upon the management of collections and the procedures for documentation of art works, including the use of catalog cards.

This multiple baseline single-case design study explored the influence that training in observation and interpretation had on teachers’ meaningful conversations with children. Three preschool teachers (1 from public school and 2 from Head Start) were trained using the Cycle of Inquiry System (Broderick & Hong, 2011) that informs of ways to observe and interpret children’s thinking to facilitate developmentally appropriate conversations. Teachers documented and interpreted observations of children engaged in small group play. Teachers were surveyed pre-training and post-training about observation, interpretation, curriculum, the teacher’s role, and the purpose of teacher interactions with children. Teachers were interviewed to clarify researcher questions and videotaped before the training to establish a baseline on their use of productive conversations with children. Videotaped observations after the training showed the effect of training on teachers’ conversations. Field notes from mentoring and videos were collected to provide insight into the influence of the training. A social validity questionnaire was used to determine if participants found value in the process learned. Data were evaluated for the 3 participants using graphs to show evidence for the rate of change. The Cycle of Inquiry Intervention increased teachers’ productive conversations with children. Pre-surveys and post-surveys indicated that teacher’s perceptions were positively affected. Teachers perceived productive conversation as important to documenting and interpreting children’s thinking. Their beliefs about children’s theory development and awareness about the role of conversation in the process changed after the intervention. They value observations and documentation to learn about children’s thinking as a way to engage in conversations. Social validity was used to determine if the goals of training were acceptable, if the training was valued, and if it would influence participants’ teaching. Participants indicated that the Documentation Record (DR) and recording observations was worthwhile and that they would use what was learned during training to increase productive conversations. Two of the 3 participants were concerned about consistency regarding the DR form, indicated it was worthwhile to complete the Interpretation of Children’s Knowledge and Thinking (ICKT) form, but were not sure of their consistency. Curriculum constraints and lack of support could influence their consistency concerns.

Electronic nursing documentation systems can facilitate complete, accurate, timely documentation practices, but without effective policies and procedures in place, a gap in practice exists and quality of care may be impacted. This systematic review of literature examined current evidence regarding electronic nursing documentation quality. General systems theory and the Donabedian model of health care quality provided the framework for the project. Electronic databases PubMed and the Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health were searched for articles addressing electronic nursing documentation practices. The Cochrane systematic review methodology was used to analyze the articles. Articles were excluded if published before 2001 or not in the English language. The search revealed 860 articles of which 35 were included in the final review. Most studies were quasi-experimental involving multiple interventions such as clinical decision support (CDSS), education, and audit and feedback specific documentation foci. The most reported outcomes were an improvement in documentation completeness and correctness. A multifaceted intervention strategy consisting of CDSS, education, and audit and feedback can be used to improve electronic documentation completeness and correctness. Policies and procedures regarding documentation practice should support the intended outcomes. Electronic documentation systems can improve completeness, but care should be taken not to depend on the quantity of documentation alone. Further research may shed light on the importance of concordance or plausibility, and the truth of documentation and ultimately how that can impact social determinates of health and social change.

<p>The aim of this study is to analyse conditions that either promote or hamper the implementation of methods for systematic documentation, follow-up and evaluation in social-work services with individuals and families. The theoretical framework consists of organization theories. Human Service Organizations (HSO) theory is complemented with concepts from the new institutionalism, domain theory, implementation theory, and theory about interventions.</p><p>A concrete case, a project has been studied. The purpose of project was to implement methods for systematic documentation in public social services. With the notation “integrated” is meant that the methods should be built in and adjusted to the social-work practice. The methods were ASI (Addiction Severity Index) and IUS (a locally based model for integrated evaluation by inspiration from Göran Sandell).</p><p>Data has been captured in a pretest/ posttest design (Marlow 2000). This means that “state of things” has been described before the intervention and after. The methods used were surveys and interviews (individual and group). The process has been documented through research notes proceeding records, protocols and some diaries written by social workers. Four municipalities from the middle of Sweden took part with five working groups. Two groups contained social workers acting with children and families and three groups were working with drug abusers. The population consisted of the social workers, the managers responsible for the individual and family entities, the politicians and the clients who were affected during the time of the project.</p><p>The implementation of ASI and IUS has not occurred in the extent that was stated in the intervention theory. This means that ASI and IUS were not used in all new cases that occurred during the time of the project. The interviews supposed to be done in the beginning of the clients contact with the agency tended to be done more often than the follow-up interviews. After the project ended, three of five working groups decided to continue to use ASI (one group) and IUS (two groups). The overall impression is that the respondents comprehend, they have the willingness but they do not have the capability of using ASI and IUS. The organization does not seem to have the capacity of imposing requirements and giving resources. The outcomes do not seem to be the most important issue for the social services. These conditions are discussed in the study by means of the theoretical concepts. In the end, there is an effort to adjust the implementation theory to human service organizations.</p>

<p><strong>Introduktion:</strong> Smärta, smärtskattning samt smärtbehandling är centrala begrepp inom hematologin. Intresset att genomföra en studie huruvida kvalitetsmål för smärtbehandling som finns utarbetade på Akademiska sjukhuset (AS) i Uppsala följs, väcktes med anledning av detta. <strong>Syfte:</strong> Författarna valde i denna uppsats att undersöka om gällande kvalitetsmål för smärtbehandling uppnås på hematologen på AS för patienter med maligna blodsjukdomar. De mål som undersöks är dokumentation, kunskap hos behandlande personal på avdelningen, smärtskattning samt smärtbehandling.<strong>Metod:</strong> Studien är en journal- och enkätstudie med deskriptiv design. 30 journalers dokumentation på inneliggande patienter från november 2008 har granskats under en period med fokus på smärta. Utöver journalgranskning har en enkätstudie med smärtrelaterade frågor gjorts bland läkare och sjuksköterskor på avdelningen. <strong>Resultat:</strong> Resultatet från studien påvisar en del brister i smärtskattning, i dokumentation samt kännedom av sjukhusets kvalitetsmål för smärtbehandling. Dock tror sig både sjuksköterskor och läkare att de har den kunskap som krävs för en god vård.<strong>Slutsats: </strong>Om sjukhusövergripande kvalitetsmål för smärtbehandling implementeras på rätt sätt är de till hjälp i vården. Väl utförd smärtskattning, bra dokumentation och tydlig utvärdering hjälper vårdpersonalen att få inblick i patientens smärtstatus.</p> / <p><strong>Introduction:</strong> Pain, pain estimation and pain treatment is central concepts within hematology. The interest to conduct a study whether quality of Pain Medicine, which is prepared in the Academic hospital (AS) in Uppsala are followed, brought with it. <strong>Aim:</strong> The authors chose in this paper to examine whether the existing quality of Pain Medicine achieved in the Department of Hematology at AS in patients with malignant blood diseases. The targets under investigation are the documentation, knowledge of the treating staff, pain estimation and Pain Medicine.<strong>Methods:</strong> The study is a record and a survey-study with descriptive design. 30 journals documentation of indwelling patients from November 2008 have been reviewed in a period with a focus on pain. In addition to record review, a survey of pain-related issues among doctors and nurses in the department has also been done.<strong>Results:</strong> Showing some weaknesses in the painfully estimation, in documentation and knowledge of hospital quality of Pain Medicine. However, both nurses and doctors believe they have the knowledge required for good health care.<strong>Conclusion:</strong> If the hospital overall quality objectives for Pain Medicine is implemented correctly, they are helpful in care. Well done pain estimation, good documentation and clear evaluation helps the nursing staff to gain insight into the patient's pain status.</p>

Background: Pressure ulcers have during a long time ages caused great suffering for the patients. The factors affecting the occurrence of pressure ulcers can be both internal and external, such as immobility and malnutrition. Nurses´ role is to assess risks and thus pay attention to prevent and treat pressure ulcers. The nurse may use various assessment tools to highlight and document patients at risk for developing pressure ulcers. Aim: This study was to describe health professionals´ thoughts and actions about the pressure ulcers. Method: A literature review was used to study the selected study area. The review was based on nine quantitative and three qualitative articles. The writers looked for similarities and differences in performance of articles. Results: The results showed that knowledge was good among health professionals´ staff but was not used in practical nursing. Health professionals were using methods which were not evidence based for example massage. The staff felt that lack of time and materials was a barrier to care about pressure ulcers. The documentation carried out by nurses was inadequate. Resulted showed five themes, having knowledge of the risks of pressure ulcers, believing or knowing, applying knowledge, recording, managing and developing. Conclusion: There was good knowledge of pressure ulcer prevention and treatment by health workers and the nurses were able to identify the risk of developing pressure ulcers. The knowledge was not used in practice. Non recommended methods are still used by nursing staff in nursing care. .

Utgångspunkten för denna magisteruppsats är en komparativ studie av internationella riktlinjer för dokumentation av internprissättning. Internprissättning reglerar hur närståendetransaktioner inom internationella koncerner skall värderas. Då de inblandade parterna står i intressegemenskap med varandra kan villkoren bakom transaktionerna skilja sig från vad oberoende parter skulle kommit överens om. Det är därmed svårt att bestämma ett korrekt pris på de besläktade transaktionerna, varför internpriser skall bedömas i enlighet med armlängdsprincipen. För att kunna bevisa att aktuella transaktioner gjorts på armlängds avstånd måste en internationell kon-cern upprätta dokumentation som visar hur priserna bestämts och varför de skall anses vara armlängdsmässiga. Dokumentation är därmed ett försök att bestämma internpriser i överensstämmelse med armlängdsprincipen. Trots att armlängdsprincipen följs av de flesta skattemyndigheter i bedömningen av internpriser, appliceras den på olika sätt. Kravet att möta flertalet olika nationella regelverk skapar ökade kostnader för de internationella företagsgrupperna. De löper dock stor risk att bli utsatta för dubbelbeskattning eller dokumentationsrelaterade sanktioner om de inte uppfyller respektive lands krav. För att underlätta den administrativa bördan samt de kostnader som uppstår har OECD utvecklat rikt-linjer gällande internprissättning, “The OECD Transfer Pricing Guidelines”, där kapitel V reglerar do-kumentation. Riktlinjerna grundar sig på principer om en sund företagsanda (prudent business manage-ment), vilket betyder att skattemyndigheters behov av information skall vägas mot den kostnad och börda det innebär för skattebetalaren att samla in eller upprätta dokumenten. PATA och EU har i respektive handelsområde försökt harmonisera de nationella dokumentationskraven genom att presentera nya internationella föreskrifter inom ramen för OECDs riktlinjer. I en strävan att efterfölja den internationella utvecklingen vad gäller dokumentation av internpriser har Sveriges Regering gett ut en proposition där införande av nationella dokumentationskrav för internprissättning föreslås. Ett grundläggande problem gällande det aktuella området är de olika synsätten på armlängdsprincipens fastställande. Harmonisering av endast dokumentationskrav kan därför inte ensamt lösa problemen med armlängdsmässig internprissättning. Vidare innebär de utvärderade instrumenten en harmonisering på högsta nivå, varför syftet att underlätta skattebetalares börda och kostnader ej heller uppfylls. / In this master thesis a comparative study is made regarding the international guidelines on transfer pricing documentation. International transfer pricing deals with the valuation of intragroup crossborder transactions. As the involved parties share interests to such an extent that the terms and conditions of their transactions could differ to what unrelated parties would agree on, it is complicated to properly price the controlled transactions. The transactions are therefore to be determined in accordance with the arm’s length principle. In order to show the arm’s length nature of controlled cross-border transactions an MNE must provide transfer pricing documentation demonstrating how the prices have been determined and why they are at arm’s length. Documentation is thus an endeavour to determine transfer prices in accordance with the arm’s length principle. Even though the arm’s length principle is used by most tax authorities when regulating transfer prices, the application of the principle differs. This imposes massive compliance costs for MNEs trying to meet the transfer pricing documentation requirements of numerous jurisdictions. However, the MNEs are at great risk of being exposed to double taxation or documentationrelated penalties if they do not meet the above mentioned documentation requirements. In order to ease the burden on MNEs, OECD has developed transfer pricing guidelines wherein Chapter V deals with the problems of transfer pricing documentation. The OECD Transfer Pricing Guidelines on documentation are founded on the principles of prudent business management, which means that the tax authorities´ need for information should be balanced by the cost and burden for the taxpayer of obtaining or creating the documents in question. PATA and the EU have, by presenting new international frameworks, tried to harmonise national documentation requirements for their respective trade areas within the limits of the OECD Transfer Pricing Guidelines. In an attempt to follow the international developments regarding transfer pricing documentation, the Swedish Government has proposed a draft bill for national rules on documentation. A fundamental problem within the area is the different approaches in assessing the arm’s length principle and harmonisation of documentation in itself cannot solve this issue. Moreover, since the evaluated frame-works signify harmonisation on the highest level, the efforts to ease the compliance burden for taxpayers cannot be reached.

BAKGRUND: Omvårdnadsdokumentationen har varit lagstadgad sedan 1986. Tidigare studier visar på brister i omvårdnadsdokumentationens omfattning och att omvårdnadsprocessen inte följs. VIPS-modellen används i stor utsträckning i Sverige för att dokumentera omvårdnaden. VIPS står för Välbefinnande, Integritet, Prevention och Säkerhet. SYFTE: Syftet med denna litteraturöversikt var att få en överblick över vad och i vilken utsträckning svenska sjuksköterskor dokumenterar i omvårdnadsjournalen. METOD: En litteraturöversikt har gjorts med åtta vetenskapliga artiklar. RESULTAT: Resultatet visar att sjuksköterskor i Sverige främst dokumenterar status och åtgärder. Diagnoser, mål, resultat och epikriser förekommer betydligt mer sporadiskt. Omfattningen av dokumentationen är undermålig och fullständig dokumentation enligt omvårdnadsprocessen förekommer sällan. DISKUSSION: Sjuksköterskor behöver kontinuerlig utbildning för att förstå vikten av en väldokumenterad patientjournal som följer omvårdnadsprocessen. Nya system som NANDA och NIC skulle i framtiden kunna underlätta dokumentationen genom att ett standardiserat språk tillämpas. / BACKGROUND: Nursing documentation has been a legal obligation in Sweden since 1986. Many earlier studies show that the documentation lack comprehensiveness and that the nursing process is not followed. In Sweden many nurses uses the VIPS-model when documenting. VIPS is acronym for the Swedish spelling words Well-being, Integrity, Prevention and Security. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine what and to what extent nurses in Sweden document in the patient-journal. METHOD: A literature review was chosen for this study. RESULT: The result shows that nurses in Sweden document nursing status and interventions the most. There is less documentation about diagnosis, goals, outcome and discharge notes. The comprehensiveness of the patient records is poor and complete documentation occurs rarely. DISCUSSION: Nurses need education to understand the importance of having a clear structure in the patient record following the nursing process. In the future a standardized language can help the nurses to document according to the nursing process by using systems as NANDA and NIC.