La croissance de la taille des porte-conteneurs et leur déploiement sur les grandes routes maritimes mondiales est une réalité. Actuellement, la croissance de la capacité des porte-conteneurs a atteint 21 413 EVP, et les carnets de commandes laissent présager une tendance vers des navires encore plus grands. Par exemple, le transporteur CMA CGM devrait recevoir neuf nouveaux porte-conteneurs de 23 000 EVP d'ici la fin de l’année 2020. L’objectif de ce mémoire est de caractériser le mouvement des méga porte-conteneurs sur plusieurs routes maritimes, avec différents transporteurs et régions du monde. Cet objectif comporte deux volets; le premier porte sur l’analyse de la variabilité du temps des escales de méga-navires dans les ports, et le deuxième fait l’étude de la planification des routes de méga-navires pour les transporteurs maritimes. Les données historiques du mouvement d'un grand échantillon de méga-navires ont été analysées en vue de répondre à une série de questions permettant de structurer la recherche. Cette dernière permettra entre autres d’identifier les ports recevant des escales de méga-navires, d’évaluer la variabilité des temps d’escale ainsi que de présenter l’architecture des routes maritimes de ce type de navires. Enfin, cette étude permet de différencier la productivité des ports d'escale, des régions du monde et des transporteurs sur plusieurs routes maritimes. / The growth in the size of container vessels and their deployment is a reality. Currently, the growth of container ships is at 21 413 TEUs, and the order books for ever larger vessels portend an even greater trend towards larger vessels. For instance, CMA CGM will be delivered nine new 23 000 TEU container ships by the end of 2020. The objective of this paper is to characterize the movement of ultra-large container vessels (ULCV) on several shipping routes, with different carriers and regions of the world. This objective is two-fold; the first part deals with the variability of the dwell time of ULCV in the ports, and the second deals with the planning of ULCV routes for each maritime carrier. Historical data of the movement of a large sample of ULCV was analysed with a view to address a series of key issues. Here are some of these issues: What are the mains ports of call? What is the variability of dwell time between the ports of call? What are the routing patterns of mega containers vessels? This study will allow us to differentiate productivity of different ports of call, regions and shipping carriers on many shipping lanes.

[pt] A partir da leitura de duas casas vizinhas no Butantã, na cidade de São Paulo, como um conjunto – uma casa bandeirante restaurada em 1954 pelo Sphan (Serviço do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional) e transformada em museu como parte das comemorações do IV centenário da cidade, e a casa que o arquiteto Paulo Mendes da Rocha construiu para si entre 1964 e 1967 – busca-se entender, através da dimensão material, construtiva e tátil da arquitetura, questões de escala continental que transpassam de um tempo ao outro; não por acaso dois momentos fundamentais para o estabelecimento das fronteiras nacionais, a partir do litoral atlântico para dentro do continente americano. Olhando simultaneamente para essas duas casas icônicas da história da arquitetura paulistana, construídas lado a lado e em uma mesma cota, é possível estabelecer associações entre as ideias de habitar que elas representam, e, na arquitetura, manifestações da construção de um território– visível não só nas duas casas, como também no plano comum que as atravessa. Uma terra batida que guarda expressões dos caminhos, dos meandros, da topografia transformada e recriada pela ação humana; t(T)erra que foi sendo minerada, escavada e revirada para caber em algum lugar no intervalo entre esses dois gestos; entre as duas casas, o Butantã. / [en] From the analysis of two neighbouring houses in the Butantã neighbourhood, in the outskirts of the metropolis of São Paulo, as a set - a Bandeirante house restored in 1954 by Sphan (National Historical and Artistic Heritage Service) and transformed into a museum as part of the celebrations of the IV centenary of the city, and the house that the architect Paulo Mendes da Rocha built for himself between 1964 and 1967 – the aim is to understand, mainly through the material, constructive and tactile dimensions of architecture, how issues of continental scale may cross from one time to another; not by chance two fundamental moments in the establishment of national borders, from the Atlantic coast to the interior of the American continent. Looking simultaneously at these two iconic houses when considering the history of São Paulo s architecture, built side by side and on the same level, it is possible to establish associations between the ideas of inhabiting that they represent, and, in their architecture, manifestations of the construction of a territory – visible not only in the two houses, but also in the common plane that traverses them. A beaten earth that carries expressions of the paths, the meanders, the topography transformed and recreated by human action; e(E)arth that was mined, excavated and turned over to fit somewhere in the interval between these two gestures; in between the two houses, Butantã.

This thesis conducts research on the light rail transit (LRT)-line Tvärbanan in Stockholm regarding punctuality of dwell time (DT), focusing on the influence passengers have on the mean and the variance of DT. The eight major stops during rush-hours are analyzed through a combination of quantitative and qualitative analysis. DT is proved to be affected by many factors in a complex setting, with vast differences between stops and between train types, proving that the infrastructure, the platform design, and the train design is important factors. The overall core problem is the non-uniformity of passengers, which is caused mainly by (1) the platform layout, especially the locations of entrances/exits, (2) placement of the train doors in relation to platform obstacles, (3) connections to other means of public transportation, and (4) the overall placement of the entrances/exits at other stops in the same direction. Stop-specific measures and suggestions of overall improvements are proposed in order to reduce the mean and the variation of DT. / Detta examensarbete undersöker hur uppehållstid påverkas av passagerare på light rail-linjen Tvärbanan i Stockholm, vilket har haft en historia av höga och oförutsägbara uppehållstider. De åtta största hållplatserna under rusningstid är analyserade genom en kombination av kvalitativa och kvantitativa studier. Uppehållstiden beror på många faktorer i en complex miljö, där stora skillnader finns mellan de olika hållplatserna och de olika tågtyperna, vilket är ett bevis att infrastrukturen, plattformsdesignen och tågdesignen är viktiga faktorer. Grundproblemet är att passagerare är ojämnt fördelade på plattformarna, vilket är orsakat av (1) plattformsdesignen, speciellt vart ingångar/utgångar är placerade, (2) vart tågdörrarna stannar i relation till objekt på plattformen, (3) förbindelser till annan kollektivtrafik och (4) hur ingångar/utgångar är placerade över hela linjen i samma riktning. Övergripande och hållplatsspecifika åtgärder för att minimera uppehållstiden presenteras i rapporten.

[pt] Esta pesquisa tem como propósito contribuir para a discussão da importância da relação entre os moradores e os espaços coletivos e públicos de conjuntos habitacionais como um aspecto essencial para a estabilidade, permanência e qualidade de vida de seus habitantes. Neste trabalho, desenvolvo a discussão sobre a relação entre o habitar e a apropriação do espaço, tendo como estudo de caso o Conjunto Ismael Silva – Zé Keti do Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida (PMCMV). O objetivo desta pesquisa é investigar em que medida a disposição dos edifícios e a inserção urbana contribuem para a relação entre seus moradores e os espaços privados, coletivos e públicos deste conjunto. Em outras palavras, procuro compreender de que maneira a forma construída pode influenciar a relação que temos com o ambiente em que vivemos por meio deste estudo de caso. A relação que temos com o ambiente em que vivemos é recíproca: da mesma forma que moldamos os lugares, somos por eles também moldados. Neste sentido, esta pesquisa se orienta principalmente pelos conceitos de habitar, que consiste no modo básico como nos relacionarmos com o mundo, e de apropriação do espaço, que vai para além do simples uso por criar vínculos de pertencimento e de identidade entre as pessoas e o lugar. Ambos os conceitos são abordados por diferentes campos do conhecimento. O habitar surge na filosofia, como tema de estudos de Martin Heidegger e de Gaston Bachelard, influenciando autores do campo da arquitetura como Christian Norberg-Schulz e Juhani Pallasmaa. O conceito de apropriação do espaço é abordado por autores como Herman Hertzberger (arquitetura), Enric Pol (psicologia ambiental), Marco Mello e Arno Vogel (antropologia e sociologia). O conjunto Ismael Silva – Zé Keti, destinado à faixa 1 do PMCMV, foi inaugurado em 2014 e construído no lugar do Complexo Penitenciário Frei Caneca, no bairro Estácio. O que propiciou a escolha deste conjunto como estudo de caso foram algumas particularidades em relação a outros empreendimentos do Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida no que diz respeito à morfologia, inserção urbana e formas de apropriação de espaço. Destas particularidades derivam quatro objetivos específicos desta pesquisa. O primeiro deles é identificar que outras maneiras, além da adaptação de parte dos apartamentos em atividade comercial, os moradores deste empreendimento encontram de manter antigos hábitos e modos de se apropriar dos espaços neste novo local de moradia. O segundo consiste em investigar se este conjunto e seus moradores se integram aos bairros em seu entorno imediato. Considerando que, além das diferenças, existem também aspectos típicos de empreendimentos do PMCMV, o terceiro objetivo específico desta pesquisa é compreender os aspectos arquitetônicos e urbanísticos deste Programa no âmbito de políticas habitacionais que o precedem. Por fim, investigo também o contexto e as razões que orientaram a concepção diferenciada do Ismael Silva – Zé Keti. / [en] This research aims to contribute to the discussion of the importance of the relationship between the residents and the collective and public spaces of housing estates as an essential aspect for the stability, permanence and quality of life of its inhabitants. In this work, I intend to develop the discussion about the relationship between the dwelling and the appropriation of space, having as a case study the Conjunto Ismael Silva - Zé Keti of the Minha Casa Minha Vida (PMCMV) Program. The objective of this research is to investigate the extent to which the layout of buildings and urban insertion contribute to the relationship between their residents and the private, collective and public spaces of this group. In other words, I try to understand how the constructed form can influence the relationship we have with the environment in which we live through this case study. The relationship we have with the environment in which we live is reciprocal: in the same way that we shape the places, we are also molded by them. In this sense, this research is oriented mainly by the concepts of dwelling, which consists of the basic way in which we relate to the world, and the appropriation of space, which goes beyond simple use and creates bonds of belonging and identity between people and the place. Both concepts are approached by different fields of knowledge. The dwelling arises in philosophy, as subject of studies of Martin Heidegger and Gaston Bachelard, influencing authors of the field of the architecture like Christian Norberg-Schulz and Juhani Pallasmaa. The concept of appropriation of space is approached by authors such as Herman Hertzberger (architecture), Enric Pol (environmental psychology), Marco Mello and Arno Vogel (anthropology and sociology). The set Ismael Silva - Zé Keti, destined to the 1st track of the PMCMV, was inaugurated in 2014 and built in place of the Frei Caneca Penitentiary Complex, in the Estácio neighborhood. What propitiated the choice of this set as a case study were some particularities in relation to other projects of the My House My Life Program with regard to morphology, urban insertion and forms of appropriation of space. From these particularities derive four specific objectives of this research. The first one is to identify that other ways, in addition to the adaptation of part of the apartments in commercial activity, the residents of this development find to maintain old habits and ways of appropriating the spaces in this new place of dwelling. The second is to investigate whether in this set there is in fact an isolation, physical or social, in relation to the place where it was built. Considering that in addition to the differences, there are also typical aspects of PMCM ventures, the third specific objective of this research is to understand the architectonic and urban aspects of this Program within the scope of housing policies that precede it. Finally, I also investigate the context and the reasons that guided the differentiated conception of Ismael Silva - Zé Keti.

Throughout time man has discovered that the human form, in all its harmonious proportion, can be used as a guide, gauge and tool to design and build structures. However, the human figure has not been the only organic form used to create architecture. Many animals create dwellings that synchronize with not only their own unique physical characteristics and survival instincts, but with their aesthetic preferences as well. It is logical that a design should respond to its surroundings, program and most importantly, its inhabitants. This thesis design is for two specific occupants: the cat and the human. They are both meant to inhabit the building wholly and simultaneously. The way each of them experiences and uses the space, however, differs greatly. For a building to survive it needs many of the same things as living creatures: sunlight, air and movement, to name a few. It also needs to function like a living creature. It must breathe, sleep, respond to the changing seasons, and adapt over time. This thesis is an investigation of how both human and cat can dwell in a building of harmonious proportion, scale, light, and material. / Master of Architecture

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 28-31, 1996 / Town and Country Hotel and Convention Center, San Diego, California / Eutectic (63% tin-37% lead) or near-eutectic (40% tin-60% lead) tin-lead solder is widely used for creating electrical interconnections between the printed wiring board (PWB) and the components mounted on the board surface. For components mounted directly on the PWB mounting pads, that is, surface mounted components, the tin-lead solder also constitutes the mechanical interconnection. Eutectic solder has a melting point of 183°C (361°F). It is important to realize that its homologous temperature, defined as the temperature in degrees Kelvin over its melting point temperature (T(m)), also in degrees Kelvin, is defined as T/T(m). At room temperature (25°C = 298K), eutectic solder's homologous temperature is 0.65. It is widely acknowledged that materials having a homologous temperature ≥ 0.5 are readily subject to creep, and the solder joints of printed wiring assemblies are routinely exposed to temperatures above room temperature. Hence, solder joints tend to be subject to both thermal fatigue and creep. This can lead to premature failures during service conditions. The geometry, that is, the lead configuration, of the joints can also affect failure. Various geometries are better suited to withstand failure than others. The purpose of this paper is to explore solder joint failures of dual in-line (DIP) integrated circuit components, leadless ceramic chip carriers (LCCCs), and gull wing and J-lead surface mount components mounted on PWBs.