Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-22T17:27:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese completa Adrienne.pdf: 1037327 bytes, checksum: 1e2d23b00ebc618a5509376cc49aa5ea (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-06-24 / Objective: Determine impact of interventions in a day-hospital clinic on emotional status of HIV/AIDS patients attended at the School Hospital of the Federal University of Pelotas. Methods: A before and after clinical assay was conducted with patients 17 years old or older who were included in the study after signing formal consent. Individuals answered, on their first interview, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and a pattern questionnaire about demographic and social-economic factors. Information regarding their illness and current medication was withdrawn from medical charts. At the end of their follow-up, patients answered again the BDI and the BAI. Patients initially classified as presenting minimum, mild, moderate or severe levels of depression and anxiety had their initial and final mean scores evaluated. Results: We included 64 HIV/AIDS patients in this study. The mean age (±SD) was 36 years (9,3). The mean time (±SD) between the first and second interview was 14 days (8,9). All depression levels and mild and moderate categories of anxiety presented reductions in scores with statistical significance (p< 0,05). Mean improvement of initial and final BDI scores was 7.03 points (95% CI 5,51-8,55) and for BAI scores, 6,23 points (95%CI 4,10-8,37). Conclusions: This study identified a favourable impact of the day-hospital clinic on HIV/AIDS patients emotional state without psychotherapeutic intervention. / Objetivo: Determinar impacto das intervenções um Hospital-Dia no estado emocional de pacientes HIV/AIDS atendidos no Hospital-Escola da Universidade Federal de Pelotas. Métodos: Um ensaio clínico antes e depois foi realizado com pacientes HIV/AIDS com idade mínima de 17 anos, os quais foram incluídos no estudo após assinatura de consentimento informado. Os entrevistados realizaram a primeira investigação através do Inventário de Depressão Beck (BDI) e Ansiedade Beck (BAI) e um questionário padrão sobre dados demográficos e sócio-econômicos. Dados referentes à doença e medicações foram obtidos de prontuário médico. Ao final do atendimento no HD, pacientes responderam novamente ao BDI e BAI. Avaliou-se o escore médio inicial e final dos pacientes que inicialmente encontravam-se nos níveis mínimo, leve, moderado e grave tanto para depressão quanto para ansiedade. Resultados: Foram incluídos no estudo 64 pacientes HIV/AIDS. A idade média foi de 36 anos (dp 9,3); O tempo médio entre a primeira e a segunda entrevista foi de 14 dias (dp 8,9). Todos os níveis de depressão e as categorias leve e moderada, referentes à ansiedade, apresentaram redução dos escores com significância estatística (p<0,05). A melhora média dos escores iniciais e finais do BDI foi de 7,03 pontos (95% IC 5,51-8,55) e do BAI de 6,23 pontos (95% IC 4,10-8,37). Conclusões: Este estudo identificou um impacto favorável do Hospital-Dia no estado emocional dos pacientes HIV/AIDS acompanhados no serviço sem a realização de intervenção psicoterápica.

Compartilhamos um momento histórico em que Reformas Psiquiátrica e Sanitária mobilizam novos paradigmas de atenção e serviços em saúde. A cidadania, a horizontalidade das relações e o estímulo ao protagonismo dos diferentes agentes aparecem como premissas importantes nos trabalhos. Nesse contexto, o atendimento em grupo representou uma resposta viável por destacar a participação coletiva e reconhecer as trocas interativas como facilitadoras ao processo de saúde e doença. O presente estudo, em consonância a tais premissas, teve por objetivo compreender, por meio da perspectiva dos participantes, um grupo de promoção à saúde e de atenção à experiência cotidiana que tem se desenvolvido há quatorze anos em um serviço de referência em saúde mental na cidade de Ribeirão Preto: o Grupo Comunitário de Saúde Mental (GCSM). Trata-se de uma atividade que se singulariza por propor o cuidado com a participação de profissionais, usuários e familiares sem a distinção de papéis, ou seja, todos fazem uso e se beneficiam do grupo, questionando a histórica diferenciação de profissional/coordenador, aquele que ajuda e usuário/familiar, o que recebe a ajuda. O corpus da pesquisa foi constituído por nove entrevistas abertas em profundidade e pela observação participante ao longo de dois anos e seis meses, com base na Fenomenologia, especialmente de Edmund Husserl. A análise estruturou-se em dois momentos pautados na intencionalidade fenomenológica. No primeiro, destacamos a descrição do fenômeno em que foram apresentadas as nove entrevistas e a observação participante, de maneira a dar visibilidade às vivências e singularidades das experiências sobre o GCSM, sem o destaque de repetições, respeitando a ordem cronológica das exposições, de forma que o interlocutor compartilhe do significado intencionado pela pessoa sobre o vivenciado no grupo. Posteriormente, na análise compreensiva, foram identificadas quatro unidades de sentido por meio da atenção às tendências compartilhadas sobre o GCSM, a saber: 1) grupo e seu contexto generativo que demarcou uma historicidade e uma generatividade para a compreensão e desenvolvimento da proposta; 2) grupo vivido como potencial terapêutico o qual destacou os aspectos estruturais, de composição, os delineamentos técnicos e metodológicos significados sobre o GCSM entre os participantes, em que a experiência vivida aparece como uma via de promoção do cuidado; 3) grupo como espaço de paradoxos que, por sua vez, apresentou as dificuldades e dilemas encontrados na participação, em especial, pela característica simétrica da composição grupal e 4) grupo como uma vivência estética, que ressaltou o uso de elementos artísticos e culturais no processo de atenção à experiência cotidiana. A consolidação dessa proposta de estudo possibilitou a construção de um recorte compreensivo em que o GCSM é significado como uma forma de trabalho exitosa, pelo aprimoramento da proposta de atenção à experiência, diferente do foco tradicional nas hermenêuticas clínicas, convivendo, ao mesmo tempo, com um contexto paradoxal que impele a novas disposições de seus participantes e idealizadores. A pesquisa permitiu colaborar com o entendimento sobre o modo pelo qual as pessoas que sofrem, adoecem e trabalham em contextos de saúde mental vivenciam o cuidado em um grupo simétrico, além de demarcar uma maneira alternativa de cuidado pela via da experiência fenomenológica, representando uma modalidade potencialmente aberta a outros espaços de cuidado em saúde mental / We share a historical moment, in which Psychiatric and Sanitary Reforms still mobilize new paradigms of care and services in health. Citizenship, the horizontality of relations and the encouragement to the role of different actors appear as important premises in the works. In this context, the group service represented a viable answer as it highlights the collective participation and recognizes the interactive exchanges as facilitators to the health and disease process. This study, in line with such assumptions, aimed to understand, through the participants perspectives, a group of health promotion and attention to everyday experience that has been developed for fourteen years, thus becoming a reference service in mental health in Ribeirão Preto: The Mental Health Community Group (GCSM). It is a distinguishing activity that proposes care with the participation of professionals, users and members of the family, without distinction of roles, i.e., all of them make use of the group and benefit from it, by questioning the historical differentiation of professional / coordinator, the one who helps, and the user / family, the one receiving aid. This research corpus consists of nine in depth open interviews and participant observation carried out over two years and six months, based on phenomenology, especially by Edmund Husserl. The analysis was structured in two guided moments, based on the phenomenological intentionality. In the first part, it focuses on the phenomenon description, in which the nine interviews and participant observation were presented, in order to give visibility to the practices and peculiarities of experiences on the GCSM, without the highlight of repetitions, respecting the chronological order of expositions, so that the interlocutor may share the intended meaning experienced by the person in the group. Later, in the comprehensive analysis, four units of meaning were identified through attention to trends shared on GCSM, namely: 1) \"group and its generative context\" which defined both a historicity and a generativity to the proposal knowledge and development ; 2) \"group lived as a therapeutic potential\", which highlighted the structural and compositional aspects, as well as the technical and methodological designs about GCSM among participants, in which the lived experience appears as a means of promoting care; 3) \"group as a space of paradoxes \" which, in turn, presented the difficulties and dilemmas found in participation, in particular, because of the symmetric feature of group composition and 4) \"group as an aesthetic experience\", which emphasized the use of artistic and cultural elements in the process of attention to everyday experience. The consolidation of this proposed study enabled the construction of a comprehensive corpus in that the GCSM is meant as a way of successful work by improving attention to the experience, different from the traditional focus on clinical hermeneutics, concomitant with a paradoxical context that drives to new purposes of its participants and creators. The research collaborated with the understanding of how people who suffer, become ill and work in mental health settings experience care in a symmetric group; it also defined an alternative way of care by means of phenomenological experience, representing a potentially open modality to other mental health care spaces

Introdução. A reforma da assistência psiquiátrica no Brasil vem diminuindo progressivamente o número de leitos nos hospitais psiquiátricos convencionais. Ao mesmo tempo vem sendo estruturada uma rede substitutiva de serviços extra-hospitalares, entre os quais se encontra o Hospital Dia do HCFMRP-USP (HD) da DRS-XIII, com sede em Ribeirão Preto SP. Esse serviço, fonte dos dados do presente trabalho, é menos restritivo que hospitalização integral e mais protetor que tratamentos ambulatoriais. Esse processo, no entanto, apresentou como efeito colateral indesejável o fenômeno denominado porta giratória, representado pelo aumento importante da taxa de readmissões, que em alguns hospitais passa de 50% dos pacientes admitidos. Objetivos. Procura-se no presente trabalho: caracterizar o perfil sócio-demográfico e clínico da clientela atendida no HD, entre janeiro de 1996 e dezembro de 2005; identificar e descrever características dos pacientes que tiveram internações integrais psiquiátricas anteriores e readmissões ao HD; investigar se ocorre associação entre o tempo de permanência dos pacientes no HD e as variáveis sócio-demográficas e clínicas. Metodologia. Os dados foram coletados no prontuário de cada paciente, por meio de protocolo elaborado especificamente para esta finalidade. Os sujeitos foram 689 pacientes que fizeram 914 internações no HD. As variáveis foram analisadas através do programa SPSS versão 13.0. Resultados. Predominaram pacientes do sexo feminino (58,4%) com idade entre 20 a 39 anos (53,5%), brancos (84,2%), sem vínculo conjugal (59,7%), morando com familiares ou amigos (57,9%), procedentes de Ribeirão Preto e Região (90,2%), escolaridade até primeiro grau (53,6%), inativos profissionalmente (90,5%) e sem renda individual (51,2%). A maioria teve alta por ordem médica (73,3%), encaminhamento na alta para Ambulatórios (86,2%), uma única admissão no HD (77,8%), e tempo médio de permanência de 49 dias. Os diagnósticos mais prevalentes na alta foram: Esquizofrenia (32,8%), Episódio Depressivo (27,0%), Episódio Maníaco/ Transtorno Afetivo (15,1%), Transtorno de Personalidade (14,7%) e Outros/ Transtorno Neurótico (10,4%). Pacientes com internação integral anterior foram responsáveis por 47,0% das admissões. Discussão. Os resultados mostram que o HD trata adultos jovens, atingidos pela doença na plenitude da fase produtiva da vida e com quadros psiquiátricos com predomínio de Esquizofrenia. Existe uma dependência emocional e econômico-financeira com familiares e com o sistema público regional de dispensa de medicamentos e de transporte. A gravidade dos quadros psiquiátricos, conciliada com a complexidade social da doença mental, repercute negativamente no desenvolvimento do grau de instrução. O tempo médio de permanência está dentro do recomendado pelas normas da Portaria 224. Essa permanência permite uma terapia breve focal na maioria dos pacientes e uma intermediação positiva, retirando pacientes das internações e dirigindo-os para tratamentos ambulatoriais. Conclusão. O HD demonstrou atender pacientes com transtornos mentais graves e persistentes, estar inserido na rede de assistência da DRS-XIII e ser um serviço que desempenha função de ressocialização e reintegração de pacientes psiquiátricos graves na comunidade. O HD trata pacientes oriundos da DRS-XIII com história prévia de internação integral anterior, no entanto, não repete com esses pacientes o fenômeno porta giratória. / Introduction. The reform of psychiatric assistance in Brazil has progressively decreased the number of beds in conventional psychiatric hospitals. Concomitantly, a substitute network of extra-hospital services has developed, among which is the Day Hospital (HD) of the HCFMRP-USP of the DRS-XIII, based in Ribeirão Preto, SP. This service, source of the data presented here, is less strict than full-time hospitalization and more protective than outpatient clinics. This process, however, presented as an undesired effect the phenomenon termed revolving door, represented by the significant increase in the rate of readmissions, which in some hospitals responds for over 50% of all admissions. Objectives. To characterize the clinical and socio-demographic profile of the clientele attended at the HD between January 1996 and December 2005; to identify and describe the characteristics of patients who had previous full-time hospitalizations and were readmitted at the HD; to investigate whether there is any association between the time spent at the HD and clinical and socio-demographic variables. Methodology. Data were collected from the patients medical records by means of a protocol elaborated for this purpose. Participants were 689 patients who had 914 admissions at the HD. Variables were analyzed with the software SPSS, version 13.0. Results. Patients were predominantly females (58,4%), aged between 20 and 39 years (53,5%), white (84,2%), not married (59,7%), living with family or friends (57,9%), original from Ribeirão Preto and neighboring cities (90,2%), with elementary education (53,6%), unemployed (90,5%), and with no individual income (51,2%). Most patients were discharged by medical orders (73,3%), were referred to outpatient clinics after discharge (86,2%), had a single admission at the HD (77,8%), and mean hospitalization of 49 days. The most prevalent diagnoses at discharge were: Schizophrenia (32,8%), Depressive Episode (27,0%), Manic Episode/ Affective Disorder (15,1%), Personality Disorder (14,7%), and Others/ Neurotic Episode (10,4%). Patients with previous full-time hospitalizations accounted for 47,0% of admissions. Discussion. The results show that the HD treats young adults whose disease onset occurs at the peak of their productive age, with a predominance of Schizophrenia. The patients are economically and emotionally dependent on the family and on the regional public system of medication dispense and transportation. The severity of their psychiatric conditions together with the social complexity of mental disorders has a negative impact on the patients educational status. The mean hospitalization time is in accordance with the reccomendations of Regulation 224. This permanence enables brief focal therapy for most patients and a positive intervention, keeping patients away from hospitalizations and guiding them toward outpatient follow-up. Conclusion. The HD proved able to treat patients with severe and persistent mental disorders, to be inserted in the assistance network of the DRS-XIII, and to be a service that performs functions of resocialization and reintegration of severely ill patients in the community. The HD treats patients of the DRS-XIII with a previous history of full-time hospitalization, however, it does not repeat the revolving door phenomenon with these patients.

Compartilhamos um momento histórico em que Reformas Psiquiátrica e Sanitária mobilizam novos paradigmas de atenção e serviços em saúde. A cidadania, a horizontalidade das relações e o estímulo ao protagonismo dos diferentes agentes aparecem como premissas importantes nos trabalhos. Nesse contexto, o atendimento em grupo representou uma resposta viável por destacar a participação coletiva e reconhecer as trocas interativas como facilitadoras ao processo de saúde e doença. O presente estudo, em consonância a tais premissas, teve por objetivo compreender, por meio da perspectiva dos participantes, um grupo de promoção à saúde e de atenção à experiência cotidiana que tem se desenvolvido há quatorze anos em um serviço de referência em saúde mental na cidade de Ribeirão Preto: o Grupo Comunitário de Saúde Mental (GCSM). Trata-se de uma atividade que se singulariza por propor o cuidado com a participação de profissionais, usuários e familiares sem a distinção de papéis, ou seja, todos fazem uso e se beneficiam do grupo, questionando a histórica diferenciação de profissional/coordenador, aquele que ajuda e usuário/familiar, o que recebe a ajuda. O corpus da pesquisa foi constituído por nove entrevistas abertas em profundidade e pela observação participante ao longo de dois anos e seis meses, com base na Fenomenologia, especialmente de Edmund Husserl. A análise estruturou-se em dois momentos pautados na intencionalidade fenomenológica. No primeiro, destacamos a descrição do fenômeno em que foram apresentadas as nove entrevistas e a observação participante, de maneira a dar visibilidade às vivências e singularidades das experiências sobre o GCSM, sem o destaque de repetições, respeitando a ordem cronológica das exposições, de forma que o interlocutor compartilhe do significado intencionado pela pessoa sobre o vivenciado no grupo. Posteriormente, na análise compreensiva, foram identificadas quatro unidades de sentido por meio da atenção às tendências compartilhadas sobre o GCSM, a saber: 1) grupo e seu contexto generativo que demarcou uma historicidade e uma generatividade para a compreensão e desenvolvimento da proposta; 2) grupo vivido como potencial terapêutico o qual destacou os aspectos estruturais, de composição, os delineamentos técnicos e metodológicos significados sobre o GCSM entre os participantes, em que a experiência vivida aparece como uma via de promoção do cuidado; 3) grupo como espaço de paradoxos que, por sua vez, apresentou as dificuldades e dilemas encontrados na participação, em especial, pela característica simétrica da composição grupal e 4) grupo como uma vivência estética, que ressaltou o uso de elementos artísticos e culturais no processo de atenção à experiência cotidiana. A consolidação dessa proposta de estudo possibilitou a construção de um recorte compreensivo em que o GCSM é significado como uma forma de trabalho exitosa, pelo aprimoramento da proposta de atenção à experiência, diferente do foco tradicional nas hermenêuticas clínicas, convivendo, ao mesmo tempo, com um contexto paradoxal que impele a novas disposições de seus participantes e idealizadores. A pesquisa permitiu colaborar com o entendimento sobre o modo pelo qual as pessoas que sofrem, adoecem e trabalham em contextos de saúde mental vivenciam o cuidado em um grupo simétrico, além de demarcar uma maneira alternativa de cuidado pela via da experiência fenomenológica, representando uma modalidade potencialmente aberta a outros espaços de cuidado em saúde mental / We share a historical moment, in which Psychiatric and Sanitary Reforms still mobilize new paradigms of care and services in health. Citizenship, the horizontality of relations and the encouragement to the role of different actors appear as important premises in the works. In this context, the group service represented a viable answer as it highlights the collective participation and recognizes the interactive exchanges as facilitators to the health and disease process. This study, in line with such assumptions, aimed to understand, through the participants perspectives, a group of health promotion and attention to everyday experience that has been developed for fourteen years, thus becoming a reference service in mental health in Ribeirão Preto: The Mental Health Community Group (GCSM). It is a distinguishing activity that proposes care with the participation of professionals, users and members of the family, without distinction of roles, i.e., all of them make use of the group and benefit from it, by questioning the historical differentiation of professional / coordinator, the one who helps, and the user / family, the one receiving aid. This research corpus consists of nine in depth open interviews and participant observation carried out over two years and six months, based on phenomenology, especially by Edmund Husserl. The analysis was structured in two guided moments, based on the phenomenological intentionality. In the first part, it focuses on the phenomenon description, in which the nine interviews and participant observation were presented, in order to give visibility to the practices and peculiarities of experiences on the GCSM, without the highlight of repetitions, respecting the chronological order of expositions, so that the interlocutor may share the intended meaning experienced by the person in the group. Later, in the comprehensive analysis, four units of meaning were identified through attention to trends shared on GCSM, namely: 1) \"group and its generative context\" which defined both a historicity and a generativity to the proposal knowledge and development ; 2) \"group lived as a therapeutic potential\", which highlighted the structural and compositional aspects, as well as the technical and methodological designs about GCSM among participants, in which the lived experience appears as a means of promoting care; 3) \"group as a space of paradoxes \" which, in turn, presented the difficulties and dilemmas found in participation, in particular, because of the symmetric feature of group composition and 4) \"group as an aesthetic experience\", which emphasized the use of artistic and cultural elements in the process of attention to everyday experience. The consolidation of this proposed study enabled the construction of a comprehensive corpus in that the GCSM is meant as a way of successful work by improving attention to the experience, different from the traditional focus on clinical hermeneutics, concomitant with a paradoxical context that drives to new purposes of its participants and creators. The research collaborated with the understanding of how people who suffer, become ill and work in mental health settings experience care in a symmetric group; it also defined an alternative way of care by means of phenomenological experience, representing a potentially open modality to other mental health care spaces

Hintergrund: Angststörungen sind häufig, oft chronifizierend, jedoch auch gut behandelbar. Leitlinienbehandlung ist die auf Exposition fokussierende Verhaltenstherapie. In der ambulanten Versorgungspraxis finden Expositionen jedoch selten statt. Die Angst-Tagesklinik am Universitätsklinikum Dresden realisiert die evidenzbasierte Behandlung von Angststörungen. In einer 5-wöchigen Kurzzeitbehandlung werden wöchentlich 4 begleitete und zeitoffene Expositionssitzungen durchgeführt. Untersucht wurden die Symptomverläufe und die Responder-Raten. Methoden: Zu Therapieaufnahme und -ende sowie zur Katamnese nach 3 Monaten und 1 Jahr wurde die Entwicklung der Symptombelastung bei n = 332 PatientInnen untersucht, die von 2009 bis 2015 behandelt wurden. Etwa zwei Drittel waren psychotherapeutisch vorbehandelt. Eingesetzt wurden spezifische etablierte Fragebögen. Berechnet wurden Mixed Models, Effektstärken und Responder-Raten. Ergebnisse: 90% der PatientInnen schlossen die Behandlung regulär ab. Es zeigten sich signifikante Linderungen bei Belastungen durch Angst- und depressive Symptome. Die höchsten Effektstärken um 0,9 ergaben sich bei verhaltensbezogenen Skalen und besonders bei den Agoraphobien und Panikstörungen, die die größte Störungsgruppe ausmachen. Die Responseraten lagen bei 60%. Zu den Katamnesezeitpunkten waren die Symptomverbesserungen stabil und bei den kognitiven Symptomen weiter steigend. Schlussfolgerungen: Die Behandlung in spezialisierten (teil)stationären Versorgungssettings mit Fokus auf hochfrequente Exposition, wie hier beispielhaft vorgestellt, zeigt eine gute Akzeptanz und gute bis sehr gute und längerfristig stabile Veränderungen der Symptombelastung. Diese Settings erfordern eine besondere strukturelle Ausstattung und Ressourcen. / Intensive Exposure-Based Treatment of Anxiety Disorders in a Specialized Patient-Centered Day Hospital Background: Anxiety disorders are highly prevalent, often chronic, but effectively treatable by cognitive-behavioral therapy, especially by exposure therapy. However, exposure treatments rarely occur in outpatient healthcare. The day hospital for anxiety disorders at the University Hospital Dresden implemented an evidence-based treatment. Every week, 4 guided time-open exposure sessions, not timelimited, are conducted during the 5-week treatment period. Improvements in symptomatology and response rates were examined. Methods: The symptomatology of n = 332 patients, treated from 2009 till 2015, was assessed at pretreatment and posttreatment, and at the follow-ups after 3 months and 1 year. Two-thirds had previously had other psycho therapy treatments. Established questionnaires were used. Data was analyzed by calculating mixed models, effect sizes, and response rates. Results: 90% of the patients finished the treatment regularly. Significant improvements occurred in anxiety and depressive symptoms. The strongest effect sizes of about 0.9 were achieved for behavioral scales, especially for symptoms of agoraphobia and panic disorder, the most frequent disorders in the sample. The response rates were 60%. Improvements remained stable at the follow-ups and even increased further for cognitive symptoms. Conclusions: Specialized day hospital healthcare settings, like the one presented here, are associated with good to very good and stable improvements and also with good acceptance. These therapeutic settings require specific structural equipment and resources.

Heart failure (HF) is a serious public health problem associated with high mortality rates, hospital readmissions, and health care costs. Transitional care has emerged as a disease management model used to reduce readmissions for hospital-discharged patients with HF. However, the efficacy of an advanced practice nurse (APN)-led transitional care program (TCP) in readmission reduction is under debate. The practice question for this project examined the extent to which an APN-led TCP was effective in reducing 30-day all-cause readmissions for hospital-discharged HF patients. The logic model was the framework guiding this program evaluation. An analysis of quality improvement HF data from September 2015 to August 2016 was reviewed for one hospital in southern California. The APN-led TCP included 47 patients and had 7 patients with 30-day readmissions. The physicians' group included 298 patients and had 53 patients with 30-day readmissions. The results of chi-square analysis revealed a nonsignificant association between 30-day readmissions and post-discharge care providers [Ï? 2 (1, N = 345) = 0.236, p = 0.627], and the HF 30-day readmission rates were the same between two groups. The APN-led TCP served a large proportion of Medi-Cal patients (48.94%) who had less primary care access, while the majority of patients in the physicians' group were Medicare (51%) who had primary care providers. This project highlights the positive social changes that advanced practice nurses affect via their critical leadership and clinical roles in increasing care access for the low-income population. Further studies on payer sources and readmissions are recommended on the efficacy of APN-led TCP in readmission reduction.

No description available.

Le sujet de cette thèse est la capitalisation de l’expérience des usagers comme source de capitalisation de l’expérience dans la phase de déménagement. L’objectif est de montrer que le processus d’évaluation de l’espace construit dans la phase de déménagement rend possible la capitalisation de l’expérience dans des moments distincts, en mettant l’accent sur les perceptions différenciés du même espace, ce qui viabilise des diagnostics plus raffinés de certaines situations d’utilisation. En outre, cela permet de montrer que la phase de déménagement offre des situations à repérer, dont l’analyse gère des informations qui peuvent enrichir le processus du projet et le dialogue entre l’architecte et l’ergonome. On comprend la phase de déménagement comme une période qui commence par les préparatifs pour libérer un espace construit, jusqu’alors occupé, et occuper un autre espace construit projeté. Il s’agit d’une période de transformations dans laquelle les usagers apportent leurs expériences antérieures de l’usage au nouvel espace occupé, et si nécessaire, ils en gardent certaines, en adaptent et en développent d’autres. Cette thèse prétend démontrer l’hypothèse selon laquelle, l’inclusion de la phase de déménagement dans le processus d’évaluation permet d’obtenir des informations et de capitaliser l’expérience des usagers, une fois que l’expérience de l’espace construit se déroule dans le temps. Cette hypothèse est développée à partir des contributions théoriques, conceptuelles et pratiques de l’Évaluation Post Occupationnelle et de l’Analyse Ergonomique du Travail appliquées à l’étude de cas dans un hôpital de jour VIH. Les résultats montrent que connaître de façon systématique ce qui se passe dans la phase de déménagement apporte des connaissances pratiques de natures différentes, à court, moyen et long terme, qui permettent de proposer des solutions pour remédier à des inadéquations de l’espace construit, de comprendre comment se développe le processus de conception architecturale et de capitaliser l’expérience des usagers et l’expérience des spécialistes. / This PhD dissertation has as subject-matter the capitalization of experiences from users as a capitalization source of experience during the moving phase. Its objective is to show that the evaluation process of a built environment in the moving phase allows capitalizing experience in distinct moments, proving differentiated perceptions and experiences of life of the same environment, which lead to more refined diagnoses of certain usage situations. Furthermore, showing that the moving phase offers reference situations, whose analysis generates information that may enrich the design process and the dialogue between the architect and the ergonomist. The moving phase is understood as a period beginning with the preparations to clear a certain built environment, until then occupied, and to take up another designed built environment. It is a transformation period when users bring their previous use experiences into the new environment to be taken up; when it is necessary to keep some of those experiences, adjust some others and also develop new ones. This dissertation aims to demonstrate the hypothesis that being this built environment experience something developed along the time, inserting the moving phase in the evaluation process allows to obtain information and capitalize experiences from users. This hypothesis is developed from theoretical, conceptual and practical information of Post-Occupation Evaluation and Work Ergonomics Analysis applied to a case study at a VIH day-hospital. The results have shown that knowing, in a systematic way, what occurs during the moving phase bring practical consequences of different natures at short, medium and long terms, which allow to propose solutions for a built environment inadequacies, understand how the architectural conceptual process is developed, and capitalize experiences from users and experts. / Esta tese de doutoramento tem como tema a capitalização da experiência dosusuários como fonte de capitalização da experiência na fase da mudança. O objetivo émostrar que o processo de avaliação do ambiente construído na fase da mudançapossibilita capitalizar a experiência em momentos distintos, evidenciando vivências epercepções diferenciadas do mesmo ambiente, o que viabiliza diagnósticos maisrefinados de certas situações de utilização. Além disso, possibilita mostrar que a faseda mudança oferece situações de referência, cuja análise gera informações quepodem enriquecer o processo do projeto e o diálogo entre arquiteto e ergonomista.Entende-se a fase da mudança como um período iniciado com os preparativos paradesocupar determinado ambiente construído, até então ocupado, e ocupar um outroambiente construído projetado. Trata-se de um período de transformação em que osusuários carregam suas experiências anteriores de uso para o novo ambiente a serocupado, necessitando manter algumas delas, ajustar outras e desenvolver novasexperiências.Esta tese pretende demonstrar a hipótese de que, sendo a experiência doambiente construído algo que se desenvolve no tempo, a inclusão da fase damudança no processo de avaliação permite obter informações e capitalizar experiênciados usuários. Essa hipótese é desenvolvida a partir das contribuições teóricas,conceituais e práticas da Avaliação Pós-Ocupação e da Análise Ergonômica doTrabalho aplicadas em estudo de caso em um hospital-dia VIH. Os resultadosmostram que conhecer de forma sistemática o que se passa na fase da mudança trazconsequências práticas de naturezas diferentes, a curto, médio e longo prazo, quepermitem propor soluções para remediar inadequações do ambiente construído,compreender como se desenvolve o processo de concepção arquitetônico e capitalizara experiência dos usuários e a experiência dos especialistas

Thesis (MSc (Dietetics))--University of Stellenbosch, 2004. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The aim of the study was to contribute to the nutritional well-being of 0 - 24 month old children who attend primary health care clinics (PHC) in Duncan Village, an urban slum. This was to be achieved by first formulating essential nutrition-related message topics and second by formulating recommendations for optimising the accessibility of services, including nutrition-related messages, aimed at mothers attending PHC clinics in Duncan Village. In order to formulate targeted and relevant nutrition-related messages for mothers attending the PHC clinics (Phase I of the research) the need for more information on the six focus areas for intervention that were identified in the previous Duncan Village Day Hospital (DVDH) study" was determined. This was done through key-informant interviews and studying other relevant published research. Eleven research questions related to the six focus areas were subsequently formulated to guide further research. Non-scheduled structured interviews were conducted with mothers with children in specific age groups until data saturation was achieved. A total of 31 interviews were thus conducted at the homes of participants and observation data was also collected at the same time. Three focus groups with corresponding participant categories were also conducted to check the information obtained through the interviews. Two focus groups were conducted with grandmothers to serve as a further form of checking research but also to obtain a different perspective on the research questions. The data available for the formulation of the message topics was analysed qualitatively by hand. The focus areas and the research questions gave a specific focus to the analysis process and the unprocessed data was available in these broad predetermined categories. All the information from all sources (DVDH study, the non-scheduled structured interviews with mothers, focus groups with mothers and grandmothers and observation data) was studied, interpreted and integrated for each identified category. During this process key-factors, which need to be addressed in nutrition-related messages essential for the well-being of infants attending PHC clinics in Duncan Village, were identified. The final step in the analysis process was the formulation of message topics based on these key-factors. During the analysis process it became clear that some of the identified key factors were not suitable for the formu lation of nutrition-related message topics but rather give insight into the total context of the mothers attending the clinics in Duncan Village. It was evident that the information contained in the key factors could be used by health workers to identify and assist vulnerable mothers. These key-factors led to the formulation of relevant help topics. Eighteen main message topics and 16 help topics were formulated. The message topics included topics on: self-development, household food security, breastfeeding, good feeding practices, mothers' health and nutrition and hygiene practices. in Phase 2 of the study the accessibility of services, including nutrition-related messages, to mothers attending PHC clinics in Duncan Village was determined. This was done by determining how mothers inDuncan Village experience the clinics where they could be exposed to nutrition-related messages and by determining the experiences of health care workers with mothers as clients as well as with service delivery. This information was obtained through focus group discussions with different participant categories. These categories included mothers with children in the same age groupings as in Phase I who had either attended clinic for all the child's immunisations or who had not attended clinic for all the child's immunisations or who had attended clinics outside Duncan Village for immunisation purposes. Pregnant women who had either attended antenatal clinics or had not attended antenatal clinics were also included. The last participant category involved health workers. This category included health workers from the obstetric unit where mothers from Duncan Village give birth, the primary health care clinics and community health care workers. The data obtained was analysed with ATLAS/ti, computer software specifically designed for qualitative data analysis. Twelve code families were created during the analysis process, each family referring to a specific aspect of accessibility of services provided at the PHC clinics. A detailed description of each code family is presented after which six networks were compiled. The data and networks were used to create a framework for data interpretation. According to the framework it is proposed that the final elements in the process of providing accessible nutrition-related messages to clients at clinics are (1) that the clients must attend the clinic and (2) that appropriate nutrition-related messages must be available. Problems with interpersonal and organisational aspects of service delivery were found to be two of the most important aspects that influence accessibility of clinic services and therefore nutrition-related messages at the clinics. The last phase of the study (Phase 3) involved the formulation of recommendations to the relevant authorities about targeted and relevant nutrition-related message topics to be included in the education of mothers and pregnant women as well as recommendations to optimise accessibility of nutrition-related messages at the three PHC clinics in Duncan Village and the obstetric unit where mothers of Duncan Village give birth. A total of fifteen recommendations were formulated based on the frndings and recommendations of Phase I and Phase 2. These recommendations focus especially on the necessity for the municipality to create a health empowering environment at the clinics, on the provision of appropriate nutrition-related messages at the clinics and on the need to reach vulnerable mothers. The importance of involving the community in these processes was also emphasised in the recommendations. It is concluded that the implementation of the recommendations will contribute to the nutritional well-being of all young children in Duncan Village and could play an important role in realising the rights of children living in the area. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van die studie was om 'n bydrae te maak tot die voedingswelstand van 0-24 maandoue kinders wat prirnere gesondheidsorg (PGS) klinieke in Duncan Village, 'n verarmde stedelike gebied, besoek. am die doel te bereik is daar eerstens beplan om essensiele voedingsverwante boodskappe te formuleer. Tweedens is daar beplan om aanbevelings vir die optimalisering van die toeganklikheid van gesondheidsorgdienste vir rna's wat die klinieke bywoon, insluitend die toeganklikheid van voedinsgverwante boodskappe, te maak. Voordat relevante voedingsverwante boodskappe vir rna's wat die klinieke in Duncan Village besoek, geformuleer kon word, was meer inligting nodig oor die ses fokusareas vir intervensie wat in die vorige Duncan Village Daghospitaal studie bepaal is. Die bepaling van watter inligting nodig was, is gedoen deur sleutelinformantonderhoude en die bestudering van ander relevante gepubliseerde navorsing. Na aanleiding hiervan is elf navorsingsvrae wat verband hou met die ses fokusareas geformuleer. Nie-geskeduleerde, gestruktureerde onderhoude is vervolgens met 111a's met kinders in spesifieke ouderdomsgroepe gehou totdat dataversadiging bereik is. 'n Totaal van 31 onderhoude is met respondente gehou by hul huise, waartydens die onderhoudvoerder ook sekere waamemingsdata ingesamel het. Drie fokusgroepe is ook met rna's met kinders in ooreenstemmende kategoriee gehou om die inligting na te gaan wat deur die onderhoude ingesamel is. Twee fokusgroepe is ook met oumas gehou om die data verder na te gaan maar ook om 'n ander perspektief op die navorsingsvrae te verkry. Die data wat verkry is, is kwalitatief met die hand geanaliseer. Die fokusareas en die navorsingsvrae het 'n spesifieke fokus aan die analiseproses gegee en die ongeprossesseerde data was beskikbaar in hierdie bree vooraf gedetermineerde kategoriee. Die inligting van aile bronne (DVDH-studie, die nie-geskeduleerde gestruktureerde onderhoude met die rna's, die fokusgroepe met die rna's en oumas asook die observasie data) is bestudeer, geinterpreteer en geintegreer vir elke geidentifiseerde kategorie. Gedurende hierdie proses is sleutelfaktore geidentifiseer wat aangespreek moet word in essensiele voedingsverbandhoudende boodskappe wat gemik is om die voedingswelstand van klein kinders wat die PGS-klinieke in Duncan Village besoek te verbeter. Die finale stap in die analiseproses was die formulering van boodskaponderwerpe. Die onderwerpe is gebaseer op die geidentifiseerde sleutelfaktore Dit het duidelik geword tydens die analiseproses dat sommige van die sleutelfaktore nie geskik was vir die formulering van voedingsverbandhoudende boodskaponderwerpe nie, maar dat dit eerder insig verskaf in die totale lewenskonteks van die rna's. Die inligting in hierdie sleutelfaktore kan wei gebruik word deur gesondheidswerkers om kwesbare ma's te identifiseer en by te staan. Hierdie sleutelfaktore het dus tot die formulering van relevante hulpboodskappe gelei. Agtien voedingsverbandhoudende en 16 hulpboodskappe is geformu leer. Die boodskaponderwerpe sluit in onderwerpe oor selfontwikkeling, huishoudelike voedselsekuriteit, borsvoeding, goeie voedingspraktyke, gesondheid van die rna en voeding- en higienepraktyke. Tydens Fase 2 van die studie is die toeganklikheid van PGS dienste, insluitend voedingsverbandhoudende boodskappe vir rna's, bepaal. Dit is gedoen deur te bepaal hoe mas in Duncan Village die kliniekdienste ondervind, waar hulle aan hierdie boodskappe blootgestel kan word asook die ondervindinge van die gesondheidswerkers met die rna's en die diensleweringsproses. Hierdie inligting is deur middel van fokusgroepbesprekings met verskillende deelnemerskategoriee ingesamel. Hierdie kategoriee het rna's ingesluit wat die klinieke in Duncan Village besoek het vir a.l die spesifieke kinders se immunisasies maar ook ma's wat nie kinders geneem het vir al hul immunisasies nie of wat hul kinders na klinieke buite Duncan Village geneem het. Swanger vroue wat die voorgeboortelike klinieke besoek het asook die wat nie die klinieke besoek het nie, is ook ingesluit. Die laaste kategorie wat betrek is, was gesondheidswerkers. Hierdie kategorie het werkers van die kraamafdeling van die nabygelee hospitaaI en die primere gesondheidsorgklinieke ingesluit. Beide professionele verpleegpersoneel en gemeenskapsgesondheids= werkers van die klinieke is betrek. Die data wat verkry is, is met ATLAS/ti, 'n rekenaarprogram spesifiek geskep vir die analise van kwalitatiewe data, ontleed. Twaalf kodefamilies is geskep tydens die analiseproses. Elke familie verwys na 'n spesifieke aspek van toeganklikheid van dienste by die klinieke. 'n Gedetailleerde beskrywing van elke kodefamilie is gegee asook ses netwerke. Die data en die netwerke is gebruik om 'n raamwerk vir data-intepretasie te skep. Die raamwerk postuleer dat die finale elemente in die proses van die verskaffing van toeganklike voedingsverbandhoudende boodskappe by klinieke die volgende is: (1) kliente moet die kliniek besoek en (2) toepaslike voedingsverbandhoudende boodskappe moet beskikbaar wees. Probleme met interpersoonlike en organisatoriese aspekte van dienslewering is geidentifiseer as die twee belangrikste aspekte wat toeganklikheid van kliniekdienste en daarom ook toeganklikheid van voedingsverbandhoudende boodskappe beinvloed. Die laaste fase van die studie (Fase 3) het die formulering van aanbevelings aan die relevante owerhede behels Die aa.nbevelings handel oor die insluiting van toepaslike voedingsverbandhoudende boodskappe by die gesondheidsonderrig van ma's en swanger vroue sowel as aanbevelings oor die optimalisering van toeganklikheid van dienste by die PGS klinieke en die kraamafdeling waar Duncan Village rna's geboorte gee. Vyftien aanbevelings gebaseer op die bevindinge van Fases I en 2 is geformuleer . Die aanbevelings fokus veral op die nocdsaaklikheid vir die plaaslike owerheid om 'n atmosfeer van gesondheidbemagtiging by die klinieke te skep, die nodigheid om toepaslike voedingsverbandhoudende boodskappe by die klinieke te verskaf en die belangrikheid daa.rvan om kwesbare rna's te bereik. Die noodsaaklikheid om die gemeenskap te betrek in hierdie prosesse is ook benadruk. Samevattend kan gese word dat die implementasie van die aanbevelings sal bydra tot die voedingswelstand van alle jong kinders in Duncan Village en dat dit 'n belangrike bydrae kan lewer tot die realisering van die regte van kinders in die area.