<p>In this thesis, we study three different image interpolation applications in high definition (HD) video processing: video de-interlacing, frame rate up-conversion, and view interpolation. We propose novel methods for these applications which are based on the concept of Nonlocal-Means (NL-Means).</p> <p>In the first part of this thesis, we introduce a new de-interlacing method which uses NL-Means algorithm. In this method, every interpolated pixel is set to a weighted average of its neighboring pixels in the current, previous, and the next frames. Weights of the pixels used in this filtering are calculated according to the radiometric distance between the surrounding areas of the pixel being interpolated and the neighboring pixels. One of the main challenges of the NL-Means is finding a suitable size for the neighborhoods (similarity window) that we want to find radiometric distance for them. We address this problem by using a steering kernel in our distance function to adapt the effective size of similarity window to the local information of the image. In order to calculate the weights of the filter, we need to have an estimate of the progressive frames. Therefore, we introduce a low computational initial de-interlacing method. This method interpolates the missing pixel along a direction based on two criteria of having minimum variation and being used by the above or below pixels. This method preserves the edge structures and yields superior visual quality compared to the simple edge-based line-averaging and many other simple iv de-interlacing methods.</p> <p>The second part of this thesis is devoted to the frame rate up-conversion application. Our frame rate up-conversion method is based on two main steps: NL-Means and foreground /background segmentation. In this method, for every pixel being interpolated first we check whether it belongs to the background or foreground. If the pixel belongs to the background and the values of the next and previous frames’ pixels are the same, we simply set the pixel intensity to the intensity of its location in the previous or next frame. If the pixel belongs to the foreground, we use NL-Means based interpolation for it. We adjust the equations of the NL-means for frame rate up-conversion so that we do not need to have the neighborhoods of the intermediate for calculating the weights of the filter. The comparison of our method with other existing methods shows the better performance of our method.</p> <p>In the third part of this thesis, we introduce a novel view interpolation method without using disparity estimation. In this method, we let every pixel in the intermediate view be the output of the NL-means using the pixels in the reference views. The experimental results demonstrate the better quality of our results compared with other algorithms which use disparity estimation.</p> / Master of Applied Science (MASc)

Os controladores PID são largamente utilizados em processos industriais. Recentemente, novos resultados de projeto de controladores PID foram obtidos para sistemas lineares invariantes no tempo sem atraso. Entretanto, o comportamento de diversas plantas industriais pode ser descrito matematicamente por sistemas lineares invariantes no tempo com atraso. O problema de estabilidade de sistemas lineares invariantes no tempo com atraso envolve encontrar a locação de raízes de funções transcedentais. Neste trabalho, o teorema de Hermite-Biehler é usado para estabelecer resultados para o projeto de controladores PID para uma classe de sistemas lineares com atraso. Usando a propriedade de entrelaçamento em altas freqüências da classe estudada e programação linear obtém-se o conjunto de todos os controladores PID. Até onde se sabe resultados anteriores de síntese de controladores PID envolvem a solução de equações transcendentais. / The PID controller is widely used in industrial processes. Recently, new results on the design of PID controllers for invariant time linear systems without time delays have appeared. However, the dynamic behavior of many industrial plants may be mathematically described by linear time invariant systems with time delays. The problem of stability of linear time invariant systems with time delays involves finding the location of roots of transcendental functions. In this work, the Hermite-Biehler theorem is used to establish results on the design of proportional plus integral plus derivative (PID) controllers for a class of time delay systems. Using the property of interlacing at high frequencies of the class of systems considered and linear programming we obtain the set of all stabilizing PID controllers. As far as we know, previous results on the synthesis of PID controllers rely on the solution of transcendental equations.

Os controladores PID são largamente utilizados em processos industriais. Recentemente, novos resultados de projeto de controladores PID foram obtidos para sistemas lineares invariantes no tempo sem atraso. Entretanto, o comportamento de diversas plantas industriais pode ser descrito matematicamente por sistemas lineares invariantes no tempo com atraso. O problema de estabilidade de sistemas lineares invariantes no tempo com atraso envolve encontrar a locação de raízes de funções transcedentais. Neste trabalho, o teorema de Hermite-Biehler é usado para estabelecer resultados para o projeto de controladores PID para uma classe de sistemas lineares com atraso. Usando a propriedade de entrelaçamento em altas freqüências da classe estudada e programação linear obtém-se o conjunto de todos os controladores PID. Até onde se sabe resultados anteriores de síntese de controladores PID envolvem a solução de equações transcendentais. / The PID controller is widely used in industrial processes. Recently, new results on the design of PID controllers for invariant time linear systems without time delays have appeared. However, the dynamic behavior of many industrial plants may be mathematically described by linear time invariant systems with time delays. The problem of stability of linear time invariant systems with time delays involves finding the location of roots of transcendental functions. In this work, the Hermite-Biehler theorem is used to establish results on the design of proportional plus integral plus derivative (PID) controllers for a class of time delay systems. Using the property of interlacing at high frequencies of the class of systems considered and linear programming we obtain the set of all stabilizing PID controllers. As far as we know, previous results on the synthesis of PID controllers rely on the solution of transcendental equations.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-23T14:34:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Elisabete Gerlania Caron Sandrini.pdf: 1017803 bytes, checksum: 36c6fa2ef9adb220604dd088a487c3c5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-12-13 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Tendo como corpus de investigação o romance Vidas Secas, de Graciliano Ramos, o presente trabalho tem o propósito de empreender uma reflexão crítico-analítica que procura mostrar como diferentes vozes sociais se contrapõem e dialogam no tecido polifônico dessa obra que é constituída basicamente por um monólogo interior. O objeto de estudo, a personagem Fabiano, tem seus pensamentos reproduzidos, de forma autêntica, pelo narrador que se pauta no discurso indireto livre para dar voz a esse ser quase mudo . Tendo-se isso em vista, por meio de uma análise que entrelaça os ensinamentos do teórico russo Mikhail Bakthin acerca do romance polifônico e os da dupla francesa Gilles Deleuze e Félix Guattari sobre a teoria das multiplicidades, as relações dialógicas entre Fabiano e as demais vozes sociais do romance serão apresentadas / With the corpus of research the novel Vidas Secas (Barren Lives) of Graciliano Ramos, this paper aims to undertake a critical-analytical reflection that seeks to show how different voices and oppose social dialogue in this tissue polyphonic work which consists basically of a monologue interior. The object of study, the character Fabiano, his thoughts have reproduced authentically, which is guided by the narrator in free indirect discourse to give voice to this being almost "speechless". Taking up this in view, through an analysis that weaves the teachings of the Russian theorist Mikhail Bakhtin about the polyphonic novel and the French duo Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari on the theory of manifolds, relations dialogical between Fabiano and other social voices of the novel will be presented

Les romans de Chrétien de Troyes ont suscité beaucoup de réécritures. A partir du XIIIè et jusqu’au XVè siècle, plusieurs romanciers ont repris la trame du Champenois en dépassant l’écriture en vers et en adoptant une écriture en prose jugée mieux garante de la véridicité et de la vraisemblance de l’histoire. Les versions se font concurrence, mêlant différents styles et différentes stratégies et célébrant un phénomène qui s’épanouit surtout dans la prose du Lancelot, l’entrelacement. La langue évolue aussi au fil des siècles. Cette évolution se fait remarquer dans des mises en prose qui sont mieux structurées que d’autres, et ce tant sur le plan narratologique que syntaxique. Cependant, ce souci d’organisation va jusqu’à créer parfois des amalgames sémantiques. Mais dans tous les cas, il révèle la spécificité de chacun des auteurs et leurs choix d’écriture respectifs dans les différentes réécritures des romans de Chrétien de Troyes. / Chrétien de Troyes’ novels aroused many rewritings. From the XIIIth until the XVth century,several novelists resumed the framework of Chrétien’s language by overtaking the writing inverse. They adopted writing in prose considered best granter of truth, similitude andcredibility for the story. The versions would compete through mixing various styles andstrategies and mainly by celebrating a phenomenon which blooms particularly in the prose ofthe Lancelot, the interlacing. The language also evolved in the course of the centuries. Thisevolution is getting noteworthy when used in prose style as such it looks much betterstructured than the other styles in both narration and syntax. Nevertheless, this care fororganization goes as far as creating sometimes some semantic confusion. And yet in mostcases, it reveals the specificity of each author and his own preferences in terms of writingwhen rewriting Chrétien de Troyes’ novels.

This document elaborates on the subject of video interlacing and its removal. It describes the interlacing of video, its history and the reasons that led to its use. The document also explains why it is necessary to remove interlacing and the basic methods that are used for it. It describes the proposed deinterlacing algorithm and its implementation, including description of inpainting and block matching. Included are also test results of both quality and speed of my deinterlacing algorithm. The final chapter describes the implementation as a console application and a DLL library.

<p>The main part of this thesis is concerned with detailed explanation of a newly proposed Markov random field-based de-interlacing algorithm. Previous works, assume a first or higher-order Markovian spatial inter-dependency between the pixel intensity values. In accord with the specific interpolation problem in hand, they try to approximate the Markov random field parameters using available original pixels. Then using the approximate model, they define an objective function such as energy function of the MRF to be optimized. The efficiency and accuracy of the optimization step is as important as the effectiveness of definition of the cost (objective function) as well as the MRF model.\\ \indent The major concept that distinguishes the newly proposed algorithm with the aforementioned MRF-based models is the definition of the MRF not over the intensity domain but over interpolator (interpolation method) domain. Unlike previous MRF-based models which try to estimate a two-dimensional array of pixel values, this new method estimates an MRF of interpolation function (interpolators) associated with the 2-D array of pixel intensity values.\\ \indent With some modifications, one can utilize the proposed model in different related fields such as image and video up-conversion, view interpolation and frame-rate up-conversion. To prove this potential of the proposed MRF-based model, we extend it to an image up-scaling algorithm. This algorithm uses a simplified version of the proposed MRF-based model for the purpose of image up-scaling by a factor of two in each spatial direction. Simulation results prove that the proposed model obtains competing performance results when applied in the two interpolation problems of video de-interlacing and image up-scaling.</p> / Master of Applied Science (MASc)

Este estudo dedica-se a investigar aspectos da percepção espacial estruturando-se como um laboratório de ações artísticas que visam criar alterações na configuração de espaços projetados – galerias, ateliers e ambientes residenciais – além de atuar como elementos estimuladores da experiência na fronteira entre corpo e arquitetura. As intervenções que executei ao longo do período de pesquisa são analisadas de forma comparativa, fazendo referência a obras de artistas e arquitetos assim como textos críticos selecionados tratando da percepção espacial sob o prisma da teoria contemporânea na arte e na arquitetura. A partir desta temática, a pesquisa organiza-se mais especificamente em torno dos conceitos de presença (corpo), materialidade (a concretude daquilo que ocupa o espaço) e vazio que são discutidos com base nas intervenções a fim de ampliar a compreensão sobre as possibilidades de interação entre arte e arquitetura. / This study aims to investigate aspects of spatial perception and it's organized as a laboratory of artistic actions thought to create alterations on the configuration of the projected and built space - especially galleries, art studios and residential environments. In addition to that, the artistic actions act as propellers for the perceptual experience that occupies the border between the body and the world. The artistic interventions produced by me during the period of the research are here analyzed in a comparative manner, making reference to the works of artists and architects as well as texts that have been selected to address the issue of spatial perception through the lenses of contemporary art and architecture. From this theme the research arrives at the more specific concepts of presence, matter and void, which are discussed based on the interventions in order to create a deeper understanding regarding the possibilities of interaction between art and architecture.

Este estudo dedica-se a investigar aspectos da percepção espacial estruturando-se como um laboratório de ações artísticas que visam criar alterações na configuração de espaços projetados – galerias, ateliers e ambientes residenciais – além de atuar como elementos estimuladores da experiência na fronteira entre corpo e arquitetura. As intervenções que executei ao longo do período de pesquisa são analisadas de forma comparativa, fazendo referência a obras de artistas e arquitetos assim como textos críticos selecionados tratando da percepção espacial sob o prisma da teoria contemporânea na arte e na arquitetura. A partir desta temática, a pesquisa organiza-se mais especificamente em torno dos conceitos de presença (corpo), materialidade (a concretude daquilo que ocupa o espaço) e vazio que são discutidos com base nas intervenções a fim de ampliar a compreensão sobre as possibilidades de interação entre arte e arquitetura. / This study aims to investigate aspects of spatial perception and it's organized as a laboratory of artistic actions thought to create alterations on the configuration of the projected and built space - especially galleries, art studios and residential environments. In addition to that, the artistic actions act as propellers for the perceptual experience that occupies the border between the body and the world. The artistic interventions produced by me during the period of the research are here analyzed in a comparative manner, making reference to the works of artists and architects as well as texts that have been selected to address the issue of spatial perception through the lenses of contemporary art and architecture. From this theme the research arrives at the more specific concepts of presence, matter and void, which are discussed based on the interventions in order to create a deeper understanding regarding the possibilities of interaction between art and architecture.

Este estudo dedica-se a investigar aspectos da percepção espacial estruturando-se como um laboratório de ações artísticas que visam criar alterações na configuração de espaços projetados – galerias, ateliers e ambientes residenciais – além de atuar como elementos estimuladores da experiência na fronteira entre corpo e arquitetura. As intervenções que executei ao longo do período de pesquisa são analisadas de forma comparativa, fazendo referência a obras de artistas e arquitetos assim como textos críticos selecionados tratando da percepção espacial sob o prisma da teoria contemporânea na arte e na arquitetura. A partir desta temática, a pesquisa organiza-se mais especificamente em torno dos conceitos de presença (corpo), materialidade (a concretude daquilo que ocupa o espaço) e vazio que são discutidos com base nas intervenções a fim de ampliar a compreensão sobre as possibilidades de interação entre arte e arquitetura. / This study aims to investigate aspects of spatial perception and it's organized as a laboratory of artistic actions thought to create alterations on the configuration of the projected and built space - especially galleries, art studios and residential environments. In addition to that, the artistic actions act as propellers for the perceptual experience that occupies the border between the body and the world. The artistic interventions produced by me during the period of the research are here analyzed in a comparative manner, making reference to the works of artists and architects as well as texts that have been selected to address the issue of spatial perception through the lenses of contemporary art and architecture. From this theme the research arrives at the more specific concepts of presence, matter and void, which are discussed based on the interventions in order to create a deeper understanding regarding the possibilities of interaction between art and architecture.