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No. of bitstreams: 1 annacarolinaferreiracarrara.pdf: 1909968 bytes, checksum: c766be01f77d9047eb9b521ba8cdfcf6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-17 / FAPEMIG - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais / O presente trabalho integra o macroprojeto ‘Construções Superlativas Morfológicas do Português’ (MIRANDA, 2011) e tem como objeto a Construção Prefixal de Modificação de Grau (CPMG), um dos nódulos dessa rede de construções superlativas mórficas, constituída pelos prefixos (super-, ultra-, hiper-, mega-, arqui-, maxi-, macro-, mini- e micro-) e exemplificada por ocorrências como (1) As modelos da Alessa entram com o cabelo hiper volumoso no Fashion Rio. Será tendência?; (2) Eu estava numa festa da minha prima. Me sentindo super!; (3) Eu mega curti o look dela na festa...incrível! Para descrevê-la, os pressupostos teóricos centrais assumidos foram a Gramática das Construções Cognitiva (GOLDBERG, 1995, 2006; BOAS, 2013) como um Modelo Baseado no Uso (GOLDBERG, 2006; BYBEE, 1985, 2006, 2008, 2010; LANGACKER, 1987; CROFT; CRUSE, 2004), em um diálogo com a Semântica de Frames (FILLMORE, 1977, 1982, 2008, dentre outros) e com modelos de formalização do Constructicon (FILLMORE, et. al., 2012). A escolha metodológica, ditada pelo compromisso com a empiria, recai em uma análise baseada em corpus (GONZALEZ-MARQUEZ et al., 2007), o que implica o uso de corpora eletrônicos tratados (Corpus do Português e Floresta Sintática) e, neste caso, de ferramentas computacionais (concordanciador eletrônico Web Concordancer Beta). Outro parâmetro analítico decorrente é a consideração da sensibilidade dos dados à frequência de tipos/types e à frequência de ocorrência/tokens - ligadas respectivamente à produtividade e convencionalização. Nesse viés, este trabalho ilustra a virada metodológica promovida pelos estudos sociocognitivistas e construcionistas da gramática e do léxico e desvela a relevância posta no uso e na diversidade linguística. Os resultados da análise da Construção Prefixal de Modificação de Grau, a partir de um corpus específico formado por 1.821 ocorrências, apontam para dois subpadrões da CPMG: (1) a CPMG Substantiva que, por sua vez, se subdivide em CPMG Substantiva de Tamanho, evocadora do frame Posição_em_uma_escala_superlativa_de_tamanho e a CPMG Substantiva Polissêmica, evocadora do frame Posição_entidade _em_uma_escala_superlativa; (2) a CPMG Predicadora, evocadora do frame Intensificação. Sustenta-se, a partir dos resultados auferidos, a relevância de uma interface entre Morfologia e Gramática das Construções (RHODES, 1992; BOOIJ, 2010). / This work aims at analyzing the Prefixal Degree Modification Construction (henceforth CPMG) and it is part of the Project “Superlative Morphological Constructions in Portuguese” (MIRANDA, 2011). This thesis examines one of the nodes from those superlative morphological constructions that is constituted by the prefixes (super-; ultra-; mega-; arqui-; maxi-; macro-; mini- and micro-); which can be exemplified as: (1) As modelos da Alessa entram com o cabelo hiper volumoso no Fashion Rio. Será tendência?; (2) Eu estava numa festa da minha prima. Me sentindo super!; (3) Eu mega curti o look dela na festa...incrível! We used as theoretical framework to develop this work the Cognitive Construction Grammar (GOLDBERG, 1995, 2006; BOAS, 2013) as a Usage Based Model (GOLDBERG, 2006; BYBEE, 1985, 2006, 2008, 2010; LANGACKER, 1987; CROFT; CRUSE, 2004), the Frames Semantics (FILLMORE, 1977, 1982, 2008, among others) and Constructicon Formalization Models (FILLMORE, et. al., 2012). The methodological choice was oriented by the commitment to empiricism, so we have developed a Corpus-based analysis (GONZALEZ MARQUEZ, et al., 2007), which implied in the use of treated electronic corpora (Corpus do Português e Floresta Sintática) and in this case with computational tools (the electronic concordance engine Web Concordancer Beta). Furthermore, other analytical parameter accounted was the frequency sensitivity of the data types and occurrence tokens - respectively connected to productivity and conventionalization. In this bias, this thesis illustrates the methodological turn promoted by socio-cognitivists, constructionist grammar and lexicon studies, which reveals the relevance of use in the linguistic variation. The outcome of the analysis, from an specific corpus constituted by 1.821 occurrences, lead to two CPMG patterns: (1) Noun CPMG, that could be classified in two sets: type (i) - Size, that is related to the frame Position_in_a_superlative_scale_of_size; type (ii) - Polissemic, that is related to the frame Position_of_entity_in_a_superlative_scale; (2) the Predicative CPMG, that is related to the frame Intensity. Finally, we argue that the results have showed that is vital an interface between Morphology and Construction Grammar (RHODES, 1992; BOOIJ, 2010).

The successful prediction of spacecraft motion is often heavily based upon assumptions used to simplify the problem without compromising solution accuracy. For many analyses, a primary assumption used is the decoupling of trajectory and attitude dynamics when calculating trajectories. In cases where spacecraft or objects have high area to mass ratios, non-conservative effects such as atmospheric drag and solar radiation pressure can greatly perturb spacecraft translational motion based on rotational state. A modular, six degree of freedom (6DOF) simulation with coupled orbit and attitude dynamics has been developed to model spacecraft and orbits of arbitrary geometries. First, the basis for the modular rotational and translational equations of motion are introduced. Next, formulations are provided for the gravity gradient torque, solar radiation pressure, aerodynamic, and non-spherical gravity potential sources of perturbations, and the Marshall Engineering Thermosphere atmospheric model used is described. A first test case is performed using the 6DOF simulation to simulate the deorbit of the spacecraft Lightsail 1, which flew in 2015. Next, predictive cases are demonstrated using the simulation for a theoretical sail-boom-rocket combination representative of a debris removal scenario, and for the Aerodynamic Deorbit Experiement, which will demonstrate a passively stable drag sail technology and characterize its effectiveness on orbit. All simulation cases have had aerodynamic perturbation formulations compared against high fidelity Direct Simulation Monte Carlo runs, and suggestions have been made for the future development of the simulation tool.

With the increasing use of mobile technologies in modern organisations, managers are facing the dilemma of having to manage the performance of individuals who are removed from their direct sphere of control, while using performance management principles that have not necessarily been adapted to accommodate this. The study investigated, analysed and described the management and measurement of the performance of these virtual knowledge workers from the perspective of the manager, with the aim of proposing a new conceptual framework to assist managers in this task. In addition, the study identified the organisational context and individual contribution required to support such a framework. The study used a constructivist grounded theory framework, with the aim of building theory through an inductive approach rather than testing existing theory. An embedded, multiple-case study research design was used to execute the study, comprising five companies in the Information and Communications Technology and related sectors in South Africa. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected at the organisational, team and individual levels. In total, 39 interviews were qualitatively analysed using content analysis aided by ATLAS.ti. The 163 questionnaires were quantitatively analysed using descriptive statistical methods. Thereafter, within-case and cross-case analyses were performed to extract themes and to propose a conceptual framework for the enablement of the performance of virtual knowledge workers. The research uncovered four key findings. The first finding was that the concept of "virtual" in the term virtual worker is often misunderstood, and that the definition should be applied on a continuum of virtuality, leading to the concept of perceived and true virtuality. The second finding was that true virtuality influences how performance is perceived, and how deliverables and metrics contribute to perceived, actual and true performance. The third finding was that parameters affecting virtual performance include organisational, contextual, and customer factors, as well as the managerial approach itself. The manager needs to become the mediator for these parameters, thereby fulfilling the role of enabler of virtual performance. The fourth finding was that the visual or face-to-face element still remains important when managing the performance of virtual knowledge workers. The study makes a significant contribution on a theoretical level by extending existing theoretical models regarding virtual distance and the management of dispersed teams into a much more comprehensive model. This concentric performance enablement model for virtual knowledge workers shows how the manager acts as enabler for the true performance of the virtual knowledge workers. On a methodological level, the research demonstrates how an embedded, multiple-case study, executed on three levels of analysis, and based on a grounded theory approach, can be executed to develop theoretical insights into the complex phenomenon of enabling the performance of virtual knowledge workers; and lastly the study has also made a contribution on the level of practice, by giving managers a conceptual framework and practical recommendations on how to manage and enable the performance of virtual knowledge workers. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Human Resource Management / unrestricted

The master thesis titled China as the Enemy? : Representations of China in the U.S. Security Discourse explores discursive foundations of American policies towards China in military, economic and political sector. First chapter introduces concepts used in the formal analysis of China representations. It departs from post-structuralist theory of discourse by Ernesto Laclau, Chantal Mouffe and Lene Hansen and combines it with several other authors including the classical work of Carl Schmitt On the Political. The second chapter offers historical overview of key events and discourses that preceded George W. Bush Administration. One part is devoted to Evelyn Goh's analysis of internal official discourse of the "rapprochement" period between China and the U.S. Third chapter contains sections on basic characteristics of the official discourse in recent years including signifiers of China, the concept of "responsible stakeholder" and the geopolitical shift to Pacific in U.S. identity construction. Chapter 4, 5 and 6 follow the sectoral division and are further subdivided into individual themes. These are analyzed in three steps. First, the basic elements of China representation are introduced and their dynamics in the period 2001-2011 analyzed. Second, elements of the U.S. identity in the given context...

In this two-part study, developments in finite element technology and the application thereof to topology optimization are investigated. Ultimately, the developed finite elements and corresponding topology optimization procedures are aimed at, but not restricted to, aiding the design of piezoelectrically driven compliant mechanisms for micropositioning applications. The objective is to identify and exploit existing, or to develop new, finite element technologies to alleviate the numerical instabilities encountered in topology optimization. Checkerboarding and one-node connected hinges are two commonly encountered examples which can directly be attributed to inadequacies or deficiencies in the finite element solution of structural problems using 4-node bilinear isoparametric finite elements (denoted Q4). The numerical behaviour leading to checkerboard layouts stems from an over-stiff estimation of a checkerboard patch of Q4 elements. The numerical model of a one-node connected hinge using Q4 elements, on the other hand, possesses no (or very little) stiffness in rotation about the common node. In the first part of the study, planar finite elements with in-plane rotational (drilling) degrees of freedom are investigated. It is shown that the skew-symmetric part of the stress tensor can directly be used to quantitatively assess the validity of the penalty parameter ã, which relates the in-plane translations to the rotations. Thereafter, the variational formulations used to develop these planar finite elements with drilling degrees of freedom are extended to account for the piezoelectric effect. Several new piezoelectric elements that include in-plane rotational degrees of freedom (with and without assumed stress and electric flux density) are implemented, evaluated and shown to be accurate and stable. Furthermore, the application of alternative reduced order integration schemes to quadratic serendipity (Q8) and Lagrangian (Q9) elements is investigated. Reduced or selective reduced integration schemes are often used to enhance element accuracy by `softening' higher order deformation modes. However, application of reduced integration schemes to Q8 and Q9 elements is usually accompanied by element rank deficiencies. It is shown how the application of five and eight point modified integration schemes preserve the accuracy benefits of reduced integration, while preventing element rank deficiencies. In the second part of the investigation, the salient features of elements with drilling degrees are utilized in two schemes to prevent, or improve the modelling of, one-node connected hinges. In principle, the first scheme uses the rotations computed at interior nodes to detect excessive rotations at suspect nodes. The second scheme essentially replaces planar elements forming a one-node hinge, where appropriate, with a more realistic beam model of the material layout while other elements in the mesh are modelled using planar elements as usual. Next, the dependence of optimal topologies on element formulation is demonstrated. Attention is especially paid to plate and shell applications. It is shown that Mindlin-Reissner based elements, which employ selective reduced integration on shear terms, are not reliable in topology optimization problems. Conversely, elements based on an assumed natural strain formulation are shown to be stable and capable of reproducing thin plate topology results computed using shear-rigid elements. Furthermore, it is shown that an ad hoc treatment of rotational degrees of freedom in shell problems is sensitive to the related adjustable parameter, whereas optimal topologies, using a proper treatment of drilling degrees of freedom are not. Finally, the use of reduced order integration schemes as a strategy to reduce the stiffness of a checkerboard patch of elements is considered. It is demonstrated that employing the five and eight point integration schemes, used to enhance the accuracy of Q8 and Q9 elements, also significantly reduce the stiffness of a checkerboard patch of elements, thereby reducing the probability of observing checkerboard layouts in optimal topologies. / Thesis (PhD (Mechanical Engineering))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering / PhD / unrestricted

<div>Comparisons provide an important tool for exploring the syntax and semantics of gradable properties. American Sign Language (ASL) appears to have several such constructions, but they have yet to receive much linguistic analysis. This study establishes basic empirical facts concerning clausal boundaries, constituency structure, compatibility with various indicators for the presence of degrees, and composition of the standard of comparison for the MORE- and BEAT-construction in ASL. Such facts are needed for any formal syntactic or semantic treatment of the constructions. Motivated by typological observations, this study proposes that a reasonable set of initial hypotheses is that the ASL MORE-construction is a comparison of degrees and that the BEAT-construction is a comparison of individuals (as both terms are defined in Kennedy 2007). Results from the tests conducted in this study are largely consistent with those analyses, but also show where there is room for further refinement. Results additionally demonstrate that both more and beat qualify as explicit rather than implicit comparatives, confirming previous work in Wilbur et al. (2018) concerning the latter. An incidental finding of this study involves the distributional patterns for</div><div>two modifiers frequently used with gradable properties, intensive aspect and Y-OO, indicating both have a semantics distinct from that of the English very even though</div><div>frequently translated between English and ASL with that modifier. Finally, this study contributes to the discussion of comparison constructions cross-linguistically by illustrating</div><div>the need to conduct cross-linguistic work that looks beyond what is considered the default comparison of the languages under investigation.</div>

This report presents a thesis done at the programme Master of Science in Engineering and Education at KTH and SU. This project aims to create a laboratory work trying to inspire students for the technical subjects (mathematics, physics, technology and computer science) and is conducted at the department IfU at RWTH University in Aachen, Germany. It is a part of the project RoboScope, developed in Germany to inspire young people to study more engineering. This laboratory work uses Lego Mindstorms and the students should work with robotics. The laboratory work is based on a theme; the students will build a robot that can complete a specific task, a rescue task in a nuclear power plant. The new parts in the laboratory work “Rescue Work” involve more interactivity, higher degree of freedom, older students and the programming is made in Java. The laboratory work uses the model of Brall. Evaluation of the laboratory work has been done together with colleagues at IfU and a group of school students. / Denna rapport redovisar ett examensarbete gjort på programmet Civilingenjör och Lärare på KTH och SU. Examensarbetets syfte är att skapa en laboration för att försöka inspirera studenter till de tekniska ämnena (matematik, fysik, teknik och datavetenskap) och är genomfört vid institutionen IfU på universitetet RWTH i Aachen, Tyskland. Den är en del av ett projekt RoboScope, drivet i Tyskland för att inspirera fler elever till att studera till ingenjörer. Denna laboration använder sig av Lego Mindstorms och studenterna arbetar med robotik. Laborationen utgår från ett tema och studenterna ska bygga en robot som kan genomföra den specifika uppgiften de blir tilldelade. Uppgiften är en räddningsaktion i ett kärnkraftverk. De nya delarna i denna laboration involverar mer interaktivitet, högre frihetsgrader, äldre elever och programmeringen genomförs i Java. Laboration använder sig av modellen av Brall. En utvärdering är gjord tillsammans med kollegor på IfU och en grupp av studenter.

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This thesis explores the user experience, potential and design principles of a HUD-based user interface in combination with interactive 360-degrees videos in nursing education. A HUD-based 360-degrees video was designed around a previously recorded scenario in an emergency room and user tests were conducted on nurse educators, working nurses and a nurse student.  Data from the user tests were gathered both through observations and interviews. The results show that participants' experience was overall positive and that the technology is seen as a realistic, interesting and valuable way to educate nursing students. Although no definitive design principles could be established for interactive 360-degrees videos, the result suggests that focusing on key design principles for multimedia learning may provide a better user experience. These principles include managing extraneous, essential and generative processing. / Detta examensarbete utforskar användarupplevelsen,potentialen och begränsningarna avett HUD-baserat användargränssnitt i kombination med interaktiva 360-graders videos inom sjuksköterskeutbildning. Detta gjordes genom att designa och utveckla en HUD-baserad 360-graders video och utföra användar tester på lärare inom sjuksköterskeutbildning, arbetande sjuksköterskor och en sjuksköterskestudent. Data från användartester samlades in genom observationer samt intervjuer. Resultatet visar att deltagarnas upplevelse överlag var positiv och tekniken ses som ett intressant och fördelaktigt sätt att undervisa sjuksköterskestudenter. Resultatet tyder också på att fokus på designprinciper inom multimedielärande kan bidra med en bättre användarupplevelse.

No / Trust management in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) has become a significant issue in securing routing protocols to choose reliable and trusted paths. Trust is used to cope with defection problems of nodes and stimulate them to cooperate. However, trust is a highly complex concept because of the subjective nature of trustworthiness, and has several social properties, due to its social origins. In this paper, a friendship-based trust model is proposed for MANETs to secure routing protocol from source to destination, in which multiple social degrees of friendships are introduced to represent the degree of nodes' trustworthiness. The model considers the behaviour of nodes as a human pattern to reflect the complexity of trust subjectivity and different views. More importantly, the model considers the dynamic differentiation of friendship degree over time, and utilises both direct and indirect friendship-based trust information. The model overcomes the limitation of neglecting the social behaviours of nodes when evaluating trustworthiness. The empirical analysis shows the greater robustness and accuracy of the trust model in a dynamic MANET environment.