[pt] Falta de medicamentos pode gerar óbitos e o excesso deles, desperdícios. Para o alcance deste ponto de equilíbrio, as instituições públicas podem e devem investir em soluções inovadoras, desde que atendidos, ao menos, os princípios da economicidade, da eficiência e do interesse público. Com implantação prevista para 2022, o Sistema Nacional de Controle de Medicamentos surge como uma excelente oportunidade para a Marinha do Brasil rastrear e controlar de forma eficiente e eficaz sua Cadeia de Medicamentos, por meio do código de barras bidimensional Datamatrix. Entretanto, como adaptar uma Cadeia de Suprimentos consolidada frente a essa mudança tecnológica? Nesse contexto, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo propor um novo modelo para a Cadeia de Medicamentos da Marinha do Brasil, para o qual foi necessário descrever o modelo atual, em termos de estrutura e processos, e identificar as deficiências deste modelo que inviabilizavam a adaptação proposta. A partir dessas constatações, foram geradas conclusões, que serviram de base para o modelo proposto. Adicionalmente, o estudo apresenta as vantagens e os benefícios que as adaptações propostas podem representar para a Cadeia de Medicamentos da Marinha do Brasil, sobretudo para o seu pessoal. Com a adequação de sua Cadeia de Medicamentos ao Sistema Nacional de Controle de Medicamentos, a Marinha do Brasil tornar-se-á pioneira, no âmbito do Poder Executivo, na busca pela rastreabilidade de medicamentos, melhorando a qualidade da aplicação dos recursos públicos e incorporando, efetivamente, ao seu sistema de saúde, o conceito de segurança do paciente. / [en] Lack of availability of medicine may results in fatalities and excess of availability generate waste. In order to achieve a balance, public institutions can and should invest in innovative solutions that in turn are economical, efficient and in the public interest. The implementation of the National System of Medicine Control, in 2022, presents an opportunity for the Brazilian Navy to use Datamatrix s bidimensional barcodes to track and control medicines in an efficient and effective manner. However, how do you adapt an already mature supply chain to this change in technology? In this context, the following study has the objective to propose a new model for the Brazilian Navy s Medicines Chain, for which it was necessary to describe the current model, in terms of structure and processes, and to identify the failures of this model that made it unfeasible the proposed adaptation. From these findings, conclusions were generated, which served as the basis for the proposed model. In addition, the study presents the advantages and benefits that the proposed adaptations may represent for the Brazilian Navy s Medicines Chain, especially for its personnel. With the adaptation of its Medicine Chain to the National System of Medicine Control, the Brazilian Navy will become a pioneer, within the scope of the Executive Branch, in the search for drug traceability, improving the quality of the use of public resources and effectively incorporating into the health system the concept of patient safety.

Magistro darbe pateikiama užimtumo politikos raida, įstojimo į Europos Sąjungą poveikis Lietuvos darbo rinkai, nagrinėjamas užimtumo politikos projektų finansavimas, pateikiama institucijų, atsakingų už užimtumo rėmimo politikos įgyvendinimą, funkcinė analizė. Atliekama Lietuvos Respublikos teisinės bazės, turinčios įtakos užimtumo rėmimo politikos valdymui, analizė. Magistro darbe pateikiama užimtumo politikos įgyvendinimo analizė Radviliškio darbo biržoje 2006-2007 metais: atlikta darbo jėgos paklausos ir pasiūlos suderinamumo, nedarbo, aktyvių darbo rinkos politikos priemonių analizė, pateikta darbo rinkos pokyčių prognozė. Pateikiamos išvados ir rekomendacijos. Patvirtinama autoriaus suformuluota mokslinio tyrimo hipotezė, kad užimtumo rėmimo politikos strategija daro tiesioginę įtaką šalies gyventojų užimtumo efektyvumui. / In this postgraduate work we submit the course of employment policy, the influence of joining the European Union to Lithuanian job market, analyse the financial part of employment policy. We also make the functional analysis of institutions, which are responsible for the employment . In this postgraduate work we study the implementation of the employment policy in Radviliskis Employment Agency in 2006-2007: we analyse the compatibility between demand and supply, unemloyment, the actions and prognosis of changes in the job market. We give the conclusion and recomendations. We prove the hypothesis of the research, that the strategy towards maintenance of emloyment policy influences the effectiveness of emloyment.

Transition towards a low carbon economy raises concerns of loss of security of supply with high penetrations of renewable generation displacing traditional fossil fuel based generation. While wind and wave resources are increasingly forecastable, they are stochastic in nature. The tidal current resource, although variable has the advantage of being deterministic and truly predictable. With the first Crown Estate leasing round complete for wave and tidal current energy, plans are in place to install 1000 MW of tidal capacity in the Pentland Firth and Orkney waters. The aim of the work presented in this thesis is to examine the role tidal current energy can realistically play in the future electricity mix. To achieve this objective it was first necessary to develop new methodologies to capture the temporal and spatial variability of tidal current dynamics over long timescales and identify metrics relevant in a tidal energy context. These methodologies were developed for project scale resource characterisation, and provided a basis for development of a national scale dataset. The creation of project and national scale tidal datasets capture spatial and temporal variability at a level beyond previous insight, as demonstrated in case studies of three important early stage tidal current energy development sites. The provision of a robust national scale dataset enabled the development of realistic scenarios for the growth of the tidal current energy sector in UK waters. Assessing the various scenarios proposed indicates that first-generation technology solutions have the potential to generate up to 31 TWh/yr (over 8% of 2009 UK electricity demand). However, only 14 TWh/yr can be sensibly generated after incorporating realistic economic and environmental limitations proposed in this study. The preceding development of methodologies, datasets and scenarios enabled statistical analysis of the matching characteristics of future tidal energy generation potential with the present UK electricity demand and trends of electricity usage. This analysis demonstrated that the UK tidal current energy resource is much more in phase than has previously been understood, highlighting the flaws in previous studies suggesting that a combined portfolio of sites around the UK can deliver firm power. As there is negligible firm production, base-load contribution is insignificant. However, the time-series generated from this analysis identifies the role tidal current energy can play in meeting future energy demand and offer significant benefit for the operation of the electricity system as part of an integrated portfolio.

Orientador: Antonio Batocchio / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-16T07:48:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fragoso_BrunoBarreira_M.pdf: 3590640 bytes, checksum: 59c79674e5426e6915aac2c93e42eb4c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: Tendo em vista o cenário moderno globalizado, onde as organizações buscam um planejamento mais adequado de suas operações, torna-se importante realizar uma previsão da demanda dos produtos acabados, ou simplesmente demanda de vendas, que se aproxime dos números reais o máximo possível. Este trabalho tem como objetivo a proposição de um método para a criação de um processo de previsão de vendas, apoiado nas técnicas modernas de previsão de demanda, e nas ferramentas de gestão de processos. É feita uma discussão a respeito de como as técnicas de previsão de demanda podem ser analisadas, e até mesmo adaptadas, sob a ótica e conceitos de gestão de processos. Propõe-se então tal método, baseado em passos oriundos de boas práticas observadas, para o estabelecimento de um processo de previsão de vendas. Com a finalidade de verificar a potencialidade desta metodologia, apresenta-se um estudo de caso em uma empresa química da região de Campinas. Os passos para a criação deste processo foram cumpridos, desde a formação de um time de trabalho, passando pela análise do comportamento das demandas, escolha das técnicas de previsão e indicadores de desempenho, até a aplicação do piloto com proposição de melhorias e automatizações diversas. O método aplicado a este estudo de caso específico mostrou-se eficaz / Abstract: Based on the current modern and globalized scenario, within organizations look for a more adequate planning for its operations, it becomes important realizing a finished goods demand forecast, or simply sales forecast, which closes as possible to real sales numbers. This work objective is proposing a method for designing a sales forecast process, based on both modern demands forecast techniques and process management tools. A discussion was done regarding how demand forecast techniques can be analyzed, and even adapted under the process management concepts focus. This method, based on steps supported by good practices observed, is proposed for designing a sales forecast process. It is presented a case study at a Campinas region chemical industry with the objective of checking the potentially of this method. All steps for creating this process were completed, since the working team creation, passing through demand behavior analysis, forecast technique and performance indicator choosing, to the initial application with improvements and automations proposing. This method applied to this specific case study was considered efficient / Mestrado / Materiais e Processos de Fabricação / Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica

[pt] Diversas empresas implementaram processos e ferramentas de previsão de demanda para melhorar a performance do planejamento de demanda, porém estas iniciativas não foram suficientes para eliminar problemas de ruptura de produtos, melhorar a eficiência da cadeia de suprimento, devido ao desbalanceamento entre oferta e demanda, baixa precisão da previsão de demanda para produtos de médio e baixo volume, alta variabilidade de demanda e / ou grande número de novos produtos lançados no mercado. Para operar neste cenário, muitas empresas estão fazendo a transição de uma estratégia pura de push, no qual os produtos são manufaturados e distribuidos baseado somente em previsão de demanda, para uma estratégia de pull baseada na demanda real dos clientes, de forma a balancear a disponibilidade de produto com a demanda dos clientes. sta tese busca identificar e descrever os componentes de uma cadeia de suprimento orientada à demanda e, baseado nestes componentes, desenvolver uma metodologia estruturada e integrada para avaliar o estado atual das empresas à luz destes conceitos, assim como definir uma estratégia para auxiliar as organizações se tornarem orientadas à demanda com um custo eficiente. A metodologia foi aplicada em três regiões de uma empresa global de bebidas nos Estados Unidos, Brasil e Uruguai para validar a metodologia proposta e formalizar um plano de ação para estas operações se moverem na direção de orientadas à demanda. Os resultados da avaliação demonstraram que duas operações estão próximas ao nível básico de push e uma está próxima ao nível otimizado push, confirmando que existem claras oportunidades para estas empresas melhorarem sua performance com base nos conceitos propostos. Finalmente, outra contribuição desta tese é o arcabouço proposto para desenho de uma estratégia de três anos para a cadeia de suprimento, o qual irá considerar os resultados da avaliação como uma das principais entradas, e irá gerar um plano de ação para suportar a implementação efetiva das oportunidades identificadas durante a avaliação, permitindo que as organizações se tornem orientadas à demanda. / [en] Several companies have been implementing forecasting tools and processes to improve demand planning performance, but these initiatives were not enough to eliminate OOS problems, and improve supply chain efficiency, due to a mismatch between supply and demand, low forecast accuracy for medium and low volume products, high demand variability and/or high number of new product introductions. To cope with this scenario, most companies are trying to move from a pure Push strategy, which is to produce and distribute based only on forecast, to a Pull system, which is to operate based on actual customer demand, in order to balance supply availability with customer demand. This thesis aims to identify and describe the key components of demand driven supply chains and based on these components, develop a structured and integrated assessment framework that companies can use to assess their current and desired future supply chain states in light of the Demand Driven Supply Chain (DDSC) concepts, and to define a supply chain strategy to move towards a customer centric operation, cost effectively. The framework was applied in three supply chain operations of a global beverage company in USA, Brazil and Uruguay to validate the methodology and formalize an action plan for these operations to be able to move towards a DDSC. The results of the assessment showed that two operations are currently close to a basic push level, and one is closed to an optimized push level, confirming that there are clear opportunities for those companies to improve their performance based on demand driven concepts. Finally, another contribution of this thesis is the structured framework developed to design a three year supply chain strategy, which will consider the DDSC assessment results as one of the key inputs, and will support the implementation of the opportunities identified during the assessment.

Water shortage issues have been growing concerns in many cities around the world in recent years, especially in Eastern cities of Australia, which is the driest continent on the earth. The aim of this PhD thesis is a development of a model to study the use of waste incineration energy supplemented by alternative energy to power seawater desalination. It is to aid the freshwater supply of a drought stricken city in Eastern Australia. My work contributes to a development of efficient model in a simpler understandable way to reduce efforts required for modelling complex multi domain problems. This research is motivated by the successive severe drought conditions that affected many Australian cities in the past few years, compounded with an additional strain from a fast growing population. While we dump our waste into the Australian landscape, in more densely populated cities in Europe and Asia, the waste is incinerated to obtain thermal energy for various purposes. The waste is used as an energy source while at the same time reducing the amount of space needed for landfill. Seawater desalination has been uccessfully practiced for quite some time particularly in the Middle Eastern countries. To deal with increasing water shortage crisis, many cities around the world have opted or are considering seawater desalination to supplement their freshwater supply. The combination of both - waste incineration and seawater desalination - has rarely been studied. This is a twofold problem that requires modelling the problem of water demand and supply together with waste incineration to find a sustainable solution. This is a complex task. The effort needed for this can be reduced by using a modelling approach that is more efficient than the traditionally used statistical approaches. In this thesis, I present a comprehensive model developed using a dynamic system approach combined with artificial neural networks. It simulates water demand and supply as well as the possible amount of the desalinated water that can be produced using the energy from clean city waste incineration. This is done while taking in various influential factors including population growth and irregular weather patterns. This research comprises a literature review on seawater desalination and waste incineration, the establishment of water demand and supply dynamics of Gold Coast City as my case study and identifying any modelling difficulties that need to be overcome. This is followed by the development of a comprehensive model and its components, model calibration and simulation experiments. It was found that with the energy of waste incineration, up to 60% of the freshwater demand could be fulfilled by seawater desalination in a sustainable way.

This thesis is divided into two parts. Part I deals with demand management. For goods with no substitutes, under supply constraints, fairness considerations introduce negative externalities and lead to a market failure. One example of such a good with no substitutes is water. In case of a market failure, it is necessary to design coordination mechanisms called contracts which provide the right incentives for coordination. As “repetition can yield coordination”, the aim in this part is to design price based dynamic demand management contracts which, under supply constraints, mitigate the market failure. In these contracts, we consider complete information settings; and use the status quo proposition as a fairness criterion for designing them. The contracts are designed as almost noncooperative dynamic games, within the agency theory framework, where the agent (the consumer) is induced to consume at a specified consumption level based on the incentive mechanism offered by the principal (the producer). These contracts use the solution concept of sub-game perfect Nash equilibrium (SPNE) to compute the price (mal-incentive) that acts as a credible threat for deviation from the specified consumption level. In these contracts, unlike the dynamic contracts with asymmetric information, the penalty for deviation is proportional to the amount of deviation. First, we consider a two-period demand management contract for a single consumer satisfying the status quo proposition. Under the assumption that the gain to the consumer and the loss to the producer by deviation is small, the contract is shown to be economically efficient. It is shown that, in the finite horizon, a fair demand management contract cannot be efficient. The demand management contract is homeomorphic to finite horizon alternating bargaining model. In the finite horizon alternating bargaining model, there is a unique SPNE, in which the player who offers last is always at an advantageous position. In the two-period contract, the assumption considered attenuates the last mover advantage and leads to the efficiency. We have shown that one possible way to achieve efficiency, without the assumption, is to make the agents uncertain about the period of interaction. This possibility can be included in an infinite horizon contract. Hence, next, we design an infinite horizon contract for a single consumer. It is proved that this contract is economically efficient and provides revenue sufficiency. The sensitivity analysis of the contract shows that the discounting rate measures the aversion to conservation characteristics of the consumer. The analysis of the contract shows that a sufficiently time-patient consumer is not penalized for the deviation, as the consumer himself is aware of conservation requirements. This result is similar to the results for the present-biased preferences in behavioral economics. Lastly, the infinite horizon contract is extended to two consumers case which internalizes the externality a consumer causes to another. In the two consumer case, consumers are strategically noninteracting; and it is shown that the producer acts as a budget balancer. These contracts are also shown to be economically efficient. The demand management contracts achieve both the procedural and end-state fairness. Also, the infinite horizon contracts are homeomorphic to infinite horizon alternating bargaining model. The efficiency of infinite horizon contracts is due to their homeomorphism with the alternating bargaining process as they exhaust all possible mutual gains from exchange. In the two-period model, the bargaining process is constrained and hence all possible mutual gains are not eliminated, leading to the inefficiency. In part II of the thesis, we discuss the notions of exchangeability in the Shapley value. The Shapley value is a probabilistic value for the transferable utility (TU) cooperative games, in which each player subjectively assigns probabilities to the events which define their positions in the game. In this part, the objective have been to explore the aspect of subjective probability which leads to the uniqueness of the Shapley value. This aspect of subjective probability is known as exchangeability. We derive the Shapley value using de Finetti’s theorem. We also show that, in the Shapley value, each player’s prospects of joining a t-player game as the last member of the game is a moment sequence of the uniquely determined uniform distribution. We stress on finite exchangeability; and deduce that, with finite exchangeability, the Shapley value is the only value in which the probability assignment is a unique mixture of independent and identical distributions. It is concluded that, in both the finite and infinite exchangeable cases, the uniqueness of probability assignment in the Shapley value is due to exchangeability and the mixing with the uniform distribution.

Electricity availability and the costs thereof in South Africa were traditionally considered an abundant and low cost commodity, but in recent years this situation has changed altogether. Industries are challenged by a strained national electricity grid and tariff increases more than four times the national inflation rate over the past two years, with further tariff increases expected in subsequent years; thus, exposing industries to significant business risks that may jeopardise the sustainability of industries. With the majority of the national electricity supply derived from coal, South Africa's push to reduce carbon emissions exerts even more pressure on industries as electricity usage is inextricably linked to its carbon footprint. In addition, South Africa's reliance on cogeneration from industries for its 2010 - 2030 electricity capacity plan further promotes industries to become more self–sufficient concerning electricity generation. In view of the above, there is a need in the South African integrated iron and steel industry for a framework that collectively addresses the governing factors pertaining to electricity generation in this industry, technical and economical quantification of available technologies and implementation of these technologies. This dissertation researches the current driving/governing and the remediating factors to become more self–sufficient in terms of electricity generation. A framework for electricity generation opportunities in the integrated iron and steel industry is developed from the literature study and the researcher's own experience. The framework embodies four building blocks into a single and all–encompassing framework, which provides the necessary governing factors that quantify the potential need to pursue electricity generation/cogeneration, the technical and economical implications and, inevitably, the implementation requirements and guidelines. Validating the framework against case studies pertaining to ArcelorMittal Newcastle realised a correlation of between 84.6% to 97.6% concerning the technical parameters. In addition, the validation process also indicated that the framework is aligned with current practices applied by ArcelorMittal South Africa. The framework will enable South African integrated iron and steel industries to expand and adapt their own procedures to be specific to their operational requirements. The implementation of the framework should be tailored to address the specific needs concerning cogeneration in industry. / Thesis (M.Ing. (Development and Management Engineering))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.

Electricity availability and the costs thereof in South Africa were traditionally considered an abundant and low cost commodity, but in recent years this situation has changed altogether. Industries are challenged by a strained national electricity grid and tariff increases more than four times the national inflation rate over the past two years, with further tariff increases expected in subsequent years; thus, exposing industries to significant business risks that may jeopardise the sustainability of industries. With the majority of the national electricity supply derived from coal, South Africa's push to reduce carbon emissions exerts even more pressure on industries as electricity usage is inextricably linked to its carbon footprint. In addition, South Africa's reliance on cogeneration from industries for its 2010 - 2030 electricity capacity plan further promotes industries to become more self–sufficient concerning electricity generation. In view of the above, there is a need in the South African integrated iron and steel industry for a framework that collectively addresses the governing factors pertaining to electricity generation in this industry, technical and economical quantification of available technologies and implementation of these technologies. This dissertation researches the current driving/governing and the remediating factors to become more self–sufficient in terms of electricity generation. A framework for electricity generation opportunities in the integrated iron and steel industry is developed from the literature study and the researcher's own experience. The framework embodies four building blocks into a single and all–encompassing framework, which provides the necessary governing factors that quantify the potential need to pursue electricity generation/cogeneration, the technical and economical implications and, inevitably, the implementation requirements and guidelines. Validating the framework against case studies pertaining to ArcelorMittal Newcastle realised a correlation of between 84.6% to 97.6% concerning the technical parameters. In addition, the validation process also indicated that the framework is aligned with current practices applied by ArcelorMittal South Africa. The framework will enable South African integrated iron and steel industries to expand and adapt their own procedures to be specific to their operational requirements. The implementation of the framework should be tailored to address the specific needs concerning cogeneration in industry. / Thesis (M.Ing. (Development and Management Engineering))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.

This thesis is concerned with problems of services. It examines possibilities and conditions of development of commercial services in a microregion Věnec. The area analyzed in this research work is a free municipality association Věnec that includes 6 individual villages situated in region of Prachatice (Čkyně, Bohumilice, Bošice, Lčovice, Svatá Maří a Zálezly) which are situated in a district of South Bohemia. A double questionnaire investigation was used to get information. First of all attitudes of mayors were collected and after it attitudes of enterprise subjects working in the free municipality association. This work is also involved in a research project ZF JU MSM 600766 5806. The aim of this work was to specify and qualify conditions of development of commercial services in a given area. To find ways and new possibilities which would lead to bigger satisfaction of inhabitants (inhabitants providing and using services as well). To manage to effectively exploit collected data to reveal entire lacks at a structure and composition of services (from views of local enterprises). The research work ended in making a SWOT analyze and ways of possible solution of revealed problems were sketched out. The results of the research proved that microregion should better target the tourism in these ways: to complete personal services, accommodation facilities, cash dispenser etc., to improve the state of land parkways and bike-paths, to try to attract new investors and so increase the amount of working opportunities for mainly the younger generation, not to be afraid of cooperation and make more effort to gain grants or subsidies from European Union.