Modeindustrin är en stor miljöbov som genererar utsläpp från fabriker, långa transporter och från en påtaglig överkonsumtion. I ett modesamhälle med trender i fokus kommer behovet av nyproducerade plagg alltid att finnas kvar. Men cirkulära affärsstrategier, såsom olika typer av delningsekonomier, kommer att spela en avgörande roll för modebranschens framtidaöverlevnad. Om ett plagg används under tre gånger så lång tid som de används idag kan det minska plaggets klimatavtryck med hela 65%, vilket påvisar vikten av cirkulära strategier, där konceptet hyrkläder är en av dessa. Denna studie syftar att kartlägga vilka sociodemografiska faktorer som påverkarkonsumenters hållbara attityd samt viljan att hyra kläder. Vidare undersöks sambandet mellankonsumenters hållbara attityd samt dennes vilja att hyra kläder och ingå i delningsekonomi. Detta för att komma närmare lösningen på problemet om vem den potentiella hyrkunden är och bana väg för företags anpassning av hyrkonceptet. För att besvara frågeställningarna har data samlats in via en kvantitativ online-enkät där en sluten grupp på Facebook fått besvarafrågor kring deras sociodemografiska status, attityd till miljö och hållbarhet samt frågor om benägenheten att hyra. Svaren har sedan sammanställts och ligger till grund förhypotesprövningar som genomförs. Resultatet av studien påvisar inga samband mellan sociodemografiska faktorer gällande varken hållbar attityd eller viljan att hyra kläder med undantag för svag korrelation mellangeografisk plats och viljan att hyra kläder. Däremot visas ett samband mellan konsumenters hållbar attityd och deras vilja att hyra. / The fashion industry has a big impact on our environment and generates emissions from transports, factories, and a significant overconsumption. Studies show that by extending the life of a garment three times longer than its average lifetime today, its climate impact can be reduced by 65%. For this reason, circular business models have grown in importance since they can have a major positive impact on our challenge to decrease our emissions. One answer to this is sharing economy and collaborative fashion consumption, which aims to lengthen the life of a product and ensure a more frequent use. Previous studies have identified both drivers and barriers for consumers to take part in collaborative fashion consumption but not yet described the customer who rents. In this study, attention is therefore paid to collaborative fashion consumption and the customer who wishes to take part. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of socio-demographic factors on the consumer's attitude to environmental sustainability and on the willingness to rent clothes. Further, the study aims to investigate whether there is a connection between an environmentally sustainable attitude and the willingness to rent clothes. Data were collected via a quantitative online survey where members in a closed group on Facebook were able to answer questions about their socio-demographic status, attitude to sustainability as well as questions about the propensity to rent. The results of the study show no correlations between socio-demographic factors regarding neither environmentally sustainable attitude nor the willingness to rent clothes. However, a connection is shown between geographic location and willingness to rent as well as between consumers' environmentally sustainable attitude and their willingness to rent. This study is written in Swedish.

The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which socioeconomic factors, demographic factors, parent and student attitudes, and parent involvement were associated with math achievement. Students in Grade 5 were selected as the population for this study. Random sampling procedures were used to select the sample. Students in the sample completed a modified version of the Fennema-Sherman Mathematics Attitudes Scales. Normal Curve Equivalent Scores (NCEs) from the math scales on the TerraNova Standardized Achievement Test were obtained for all students from the individual school records. Parents of the students also participated by answering questions pertaining to their attitudes toward math, their level of involvement in the classroom, and questions that pertained to socioeconomic and demographic characteristics. The findings from this study suggested that each of the six scales used from the Fennema-Sherman Mathematics Attitudes Scales were all significantly associated with the math, computation, and composite scores of the TerraNova Standardized Achievement Test. Family annual income, parents' educational level, and parent involvement were also significantly associated with math achievement. Four of the six attitudinal scales; the Mathematics as a Male Domain, Confidence in Learning Mathematics, Parent, and Mathematics Anxiety Scales, were significantly related to parents' educational level, family's annual income, and gender. Socioeconomic and attitudinal factors were the most powerful predictors of math achievment, while gender and parent involvement were not strong predictors.

Bakgrund: Generation Y kan inte förvänta sig samma kompensationsgrad vid sin pension som tidigare generationer. Det beror på två saker, för det första har det svenska pensionssystemet genomgått en reformering år 1999, och för det andra så har generation Y:s en sen etableringsålder på arbetsmarknaden. Samtidigt uppger de att de önskar sig en liknande levnadsstandard i pensionen som när de arbetade, vilket bara kan uppnås med ett privat pensionssparande. Paradoxalt nog så är det en låg andel som faktiskt initierat ett provat pensionssparande. Det kan relateras till att generation Y kan anses som finansiellt omogna och riskaversiva. Det är därav av vikt för generationen att initiera ett privat sparande med hänsyn till den levnadsstandard de eftersträvar vid pensionering. Därtill finns det flera psykologiska bias som kan påverka individers rationalitet vid ekonomiska beslutsfattanden. Dessa bias kan dessutom vara olika framträdande beroende vilket kön och demografisk grupp som individen tillhör. Det är därför av vikt för generationen att förstå hur dessa bias framträder vid sparandet och hur de bör hantera dessa för att uppnå ett optimalt sparande utifrån deras framtida önskade levnadsstandard.  Syfte: Studien syftar till att kartlägga hur psykologiska faktorer, demografiska faktorer samt risktagande samvarierar med privat pensionssparande i generation Y. Dessutom undersöks hur de demografiska undergruppernas privata pensionssparande skiljer sig åt. Slutligen syftar studien även till att undersöka skillnader och likheter i män och kvinnors fallenhet för psykologiska bias vid privat pensionssparande.  Metod: Studien tillämpade en kvantitativ ansats där empirin primärt samlats in genom en enkät som sedan ställts i relation till tidigare forskning. För att besvara studiens frågeställningar utfördes dels t- tester för att identifiera skillnader mellan de demografiska undergruppernas privata pensionssparande och deras fallenhet för psykologiska bias. Dessutom utfördes multipla linjära regressioner för att identifiera signifikanta samvariationer mellan psykologiska bias, risk och privat pensionssparande.  Resultat: Studien visar på att generation Y bör se över sitt privata pensionssparande då det finns en hög sannolikhet att de sparar för lite i förhållande till den levnadsstandard de själva uppger att de vill ha. Orsaken till detta kan delvis förklaras av att de dels har fallit för psykologiska bias, dels att demografiska faktorer gett upphov till skilda sparbeteenden. Höginkomsttagare, riskaptit och överkonfidens uppvisade positiva samvariationer med det privata sparandet. Männen i studien var mer överkonfidenta, överoptimistiska och risktagande än kvinnor, och kvinnor uppvisade en högre fallenhet för dispositionseffekten och snakebite. / Background: The reformation of the Swedish retirement system in 1999 and generation Y’s late age of establishment in the labor market have resulted in a lower compensation in their retirement compared with previous generations. Therefore, these individuals need to initiate private saving accounts on their own to reach a satisfactory standard of living when reaching the age of retirement. However, the reported proportion of individuals that have initiated a private saving account of any kind is low. The generationis known to be risk-averse and displays an immature attitude towards financial decision-making and there are several psychological biases that may interfere with rational decision making. These biases may also appear differently regarding what gender and demographic group the individual belongs to. To reacha sufficient standard of living at retirement, generation Y needs to recognize how these biases may comeinto play. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine how psychological factors, demographic factors and risk-taking covariates with the private retirement savings in generation Y. Additionally, the study analyzes the demographic sub-groups and how their private retirement savings differ. Lastly, the study aims to identify how women and men differ in displaying psychological biases and what implications these biases have for private retirement savings. Methodology: The study applies a quantitative research method. The data was collected from an onlin survey and related to previous research. T-tests were used to depict differences between the demographic sub-groups' private, retirement savings and behavioral biases. A Linear multiple regression analysis was also used to examine significant covariations between psychological biases, risk-taking and private retirement savings in generation Y. Results: The result of the study illustrates that generation Y are most likely irrational in their decision-making, and psychological biases are most likely present in their decisions. Demographic sub-groups exhibit different saving behaviors. Individuals with high income, risk appetite and overconfidence display positive covariations with private retirement savings. The male respondents were more overconfident,over optimistic, and risk-taking compared to the women in the study. They were in contrast more prone to the disposition effect and snakebite.

The Covid-19 pandemic prompted significant lifestyle changes, including physical inactivity and remote working. This cross-sectional study aimed to explore the prevalence of health-promoting physical activity (PA) and its association with demographic factors and remote working among Swedish adults (18-64 years) using secondary data collected during the Covid-19 pandemic. Health-promoting PA(HPPA) was defined according to WHO guidelines, and demographic factors were identified with the theoretical understanding of the Social ecological model for PA. Binary logistic regression was used to study the associations between demographic factors gender, age & occupation, and HPPA. Of the sample (n= 776), 50.3% were males, and the mean age was 43.6 years. The prevalence of health-promoting PA was 55 % in the total sample, 61% in males, and 48% in females. In occupation, the prevalence of HPPA was 63% in students and 49% in non-Manual workers. In logistic regression analysis, the odds of HPPA were lower in females (OR = 0.56; 95% CI 0.42- 0.75) than in males. In occupation, the odds of engaging in HPPA were lower in non-Manual workers (OR= 0.47, 95% CI, 0.27- 0.81) than in students/others. In conclusion, slightly more than half of the Swedish adults had health-promoting physical activity during covid 19 pandemic. However, HPPA was less common among females and non-Manual workers compared to males and students/others.

No description available.

Sustainability is a topic that has gained significant traction over the last decade. To ensure that we meet the needs of the present without compromising future generations' needs, this study examines the relationship between ESG (environmental, social and governmental) scores and external demographic pressure in an attempt to examine the relationship and a direction between the two. The primary purpose is to investigate whether external demographic pressure drives corporate sustainability. The study uses Age, Education, Gender and Income as variables for demographic pressure, where Age implies median age, Education tertiary attainment, Gender distribution of the sexes, and Income GNI per capita. Through utilizing a quantitative method, ESG scores have been collected from the Thomson Returns Eikon database, and for the demographic factors The United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UNDESA) and the World Bank have been used.  To produce a model that works globally, a global sample has been used, with the majority of the companies based in western countries. The theoretical models Behavioural Finance, Stakeholder Theory and Agency Theory have been used to analyse the underlying dynamics of the relationships between demographic pressure and corporate sustainability performance. The conclusion is that such a relationship exists, and more specifically, that all four variables used display statistically significant effects on ESG scores. However, our results diverge from previous research on corporate sustainability performance, suggesting that higher Age in a population increases ESG scores, while higher numbers of males to females, higher education level, and higher income level decreases corporate sustainability performance.  The conclusion of this study contributes to new knowledge of sustainability and an expanded understanding of the role of demographic factors in corporate sustainability. This further suggests that sustainability should be a more integrated part in companies and civil society.

This study aimed at identifying the socio-demographic and service related factors influencing intra uterine contraceptive device (IUD) utilization among family planning clients in Addis Ababa. With a quantitative, cross sectional descriptive design approach, data was collected using structured questionnaires administered by healthcare supervisors. A total of 366 family planning clients and 35 family planning service providers were interviewed. The findings indicated that the level of education, occupation, parity and fertility plan have significant (p<0.05) association with utilization of IUD. Healthcare service provider’s knowledge and skills for provision of intra uterine contraceptive device services were low. Community members lack awareness and knowledge of the benefit and side effects of the device. Therefore, community members need education to promote adherence and effective use of IUD. Similarly, healthcare service providers need skill training and education to ensure quality provision of IUD service / Health Studies / M.A. (Public Health)

The purpose of this study was to identify and determine the risk factors for malnutrition among children under the age of 5 years in Kweneng West District of Botswana. A case control study was conducted. The cases consisted of 37 underweight children under the age of 5 (n=37), and the controls consisted of 76 children less than 5 years of age (n=76) recruited concurrently among the under-five children attending Letlhakeng Child Welfare Clinic on a monthly basis. The controls were of good nutritional status. Data collection was done using a combination of a review of records (child welfare clinic registers, and child welfare clinic cards) and structured questionnaires. Following placement of the data in regression models, the factors that were found to be significantly associated with child malnutrition were small number of daily meals taken by the child (Adjusted OR=19.04, 95% CI 3.24-112.13), lack of knowledge of methods of prevention of child malnutrition by the parent (Adjusted OR=4.71, 95% CI 1.41-15.82), parent’s unemployment (Adjusted OR=50.3, 95% CI 4.86-52.1), low birth weight (Adjusted OR=12.34, 95% CI 2.76-55.02), inadequate Vitamin A supplementation (Adjusted OR=13.27, 95% CI 1.94-90.46), child illness (OR=20.95, 95% CI 7.55-58.10), and child raised by a guardian (Adjusted OR=5.67, 95% CI 1.30-24.73). The findings from this study suggest that Socio-economic factors such as unemployment, a lack of knowledge about recommended infant and child feeding practices, the child raised by a guardian, and health-related factors such as low birth weight, inadequate Vitamin A supplementation, and child illness are predictors of malnutrition in under five. Therefore, increasing household food security and reinforcing educational interventions could contribute to a reduction in the prevalence of child malnutrition in the district / Health Studies / M.A. (Public Health)

This study aimed at identifying the socio-demographic and service related factors influencing intra uterine contraceptive device (IUD) utilization among family planning clients in Addis Ababa. With a quantitative, cross sectional descriptive design approach, data was collected using structured questionnaires administered by healthcare supervisors. A total of 366 family planning clients and 35 family planning service providers were interviewed. The findings indicated that the level of education, occupation, parity and fertility plan have significant (p<0.05) association with utilization of IUD. Healthcare service provider’s knowledge and skills for provision of intra uterine contraceptive device services were low. Community members lack awareness and knowledge of the benefit and side effects of the device. Therefore, community members need education to promote adherence and effective use of IUD. Similarly, healthcare service providers need skill training and education to ensure quality provision of IUD service / Health Studies / M.A. (Public Health)

The purpose of this study was to identify and determine the risk factors for malnutrition among children under the age of 5 years in Kweneng West District of Botswana. A case control study was conducted. The cases consisted of 37 underweight children under the age of 5 (n=37), and the controls consisted of 76 children less than 5 years of age (n=76) recruited concurrently among the under-five children attending Letlhakeng Child Welfare Clinic on a monthly basis. The controls were of good nutritional status. Data collection was done using a combination of a review of records (child welfare clinic registers, and child welfare clinic cards) and structured questionnaires. Following placement of the data in regression models, the factors that were found to be significantly associated with child malnutrition were small number of daily meals taken by the child (Adjusted OR=19.04, 95% CI 3.24-112.13), lack of knowledge of methods of prevention of child malnutrition by the parent (Adjusted OR=4.71, 95% CI 1.41-15.82), parent’s unemployment (Adjusted OR=50.3, 95% CI 4.86-52.1), low birth weight (Adjusted OR=12.34, 95% CI 2.76-55.02), inadequate Vitamin A supplementation (Adjusted OR=13.27, 95% CI 1.94-90.46), child illness (OR=20.95, 95% CI 7.55-58.10), and child raised by a guardian (Adjusted OR=5.67, 95% CI 1.30-24.73). The findings from this study suggest that Socio-economic factors such as unemployment, a lack of knowledge about recommended infant and child feeding practices, the child raised by a guardian, and health-related factors such as low birth weight, inadequate Vitamin A supplementation, and child illness are predictors of malnutrition in under five. Therefore, increasing household food security and reinforcing educational interventions could contribute to a reduction in the prevalence of child malnutrition in the district / Health Studies / M.A. (Public Health)