Thesis--Universitetet i Lund, 1993. / Danish with English summary. Includes bibliographical references (p. 218-238).

Thesis--Universitetet i Lund, 1993. / Danish with English summary. Includes bibliographical references (p. 218-238).

<p>Glucose is a monosaccharide and fuel for body, it cannot pass through membrane by simple diffusion so, integral transmembrane proteins named glucose transporters (Gluts) are involved in the regulation of the movement of glucose between the extracellular and intracellular spaces within the body. GLUT1 and GLUT3 have previously been shown by cold detergent extraction methods to reside in distinct plasma membrane domains in non-polarized mammalian cells, with GLUT1, but not GLUT3, residing  in detergent-resistant membrane (DRM) domains. To confirm this observation under less invasive conditions, molecular fusion tags are inserted in the first external loop in Glut1 with biotin ligase acceptor peptide (BLAP) between Ser-55 and Ile-56 and in Glut3 with Acyl carrier peptide (ACP) in between Val-57 and Leu-58 respectively. These Glut fusion proteins will be used in order to confirm these observations by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) and single molecule fluorescence microscopy in live cells. hGLUT1-EGFP, hGLUT1 (<em>AgeI</em>)-EGFP recombinants were constructed and transfected human embryonic kidney cells (HEK-293) quantum dot images supports the fact that EGFP transfected cells uniformly and is distributed in the cell cytoplasm, hGLUT1-EGFP transfected cells and is localized to the cell membrane and hGLUT1 (<em>AgeI</em>)-EGFP transfected cells and located to the plasma membrane with high intensity.</p>

This essay has examined the social-democratic parties in both Sweden and Denmark and their political development regarding immigration policy during the period 2014-2018. This period saw a large number of refugees who came to Europe, which led to stricter immigration policy across Europe. The Danish migration policy has been stricter than the Swedish migration policy. Denmark is therefore interesting to compare with Sweden because they are a country similar to Sweden in many ways. The questions in this essay is following: - How has the Social Democrats migration policy evolved in Sweden compared to Denmark from 2014 to 2018? - How can these parties' migration policy be explained? The questions are answered by comparing the Social Democrats in Sweden and the Social Democrats in Denmark, which has been done according to the model Most Similar System Design (MSSD) with the control variables historical background, ideological, financial situation and political system. The explanatory variable is political culture and the dependent variable is a migration policy. The empirical material has then been compared in accordance with MSSD and opposed the theory othering. The conclusions of this essay are based on the fact that migration policy is different due to political culture.

Les migrations internationales augmentent et l'Europe ne fait pas exception avec plus de 10% de la population de l'Union Européenne en 2014. Une question importante est le tabagisme des immigrés qui pourrait entraîner des risques de maladies liées au tabac différents de ceux des natifs des pays hôtes. Pourtant, on ne connait que très peu l'usage du tabac, qui est une cause évitable de cancer, et les maladies liées au tabac chez les immigrés en Europe. L'objectif général de cette thèse était d'étudier l'usage du tabac et le risque de cancers liés au tabac chez les immigrés. Les objectifs spécifiques étaient de : enquêter sur le tabagisme et ses déterminants chez les immigrés en France (étude pilote TOBAMIG), comparer l'incidence des cancers liés au tabac entre les immigrés et les natifs au Danemark, mettre ces résultats en contexte avec les connaissances actuelles, et suggérer un design d'étude sur le tabagisme et le risque de cancer lié chez les immigrés en France. L'étude pilote TOBAMIG a collecté des informations sur l'usage du tabac dans un échantillon d'immigrés, représentatif pour la plupart des caractéristiques démographiques. Avec des modifications, les résultats indiquent la faisabilité d'une étude à grande échelle en France. Au Danemark, le taux d'incidence des cancers liés au tabac chez les immigrés était inférieur à celui des natifs ; cependant, de grandes disparités ont été observées par site cancéreux et pays d'origine, suggérant en outre un rôle du tabagisme dans les pays d'origine des immigrés. Enfin, deux designs d'étude sont proposés, qui varient en fonction de la quantité d'information recherchée, afin de mieux comprendre le tabagisme des immigrés / International migration is increasing and Europe is no exception with immigrants accounting for more than 10% of the total European Union population in 2014. One pressing issue is tobacco use in immigrants as they may use tobacco differently from the natives of the hostcountry and this could result in differing tobacco‐related cancers (TRC) risks compared to those in the natives. However very little is known about tobacco use, a major avoidable cancer cause, and TRC in immigrants in Europe. The overall objective of this thesis was to investigate tobacco use and risk of TRC in immigrants. The aims were to: explore tobacco use and its determinants in immigrants in France (TOBAMIG pilot study), compare the burden of TRC between immigrants and natives in Denmark, put these results into context with current knowledge, and give guidance on how to set up a study on tobacco use and cancer risk in immigrants in France using the experience from the TOBAMIG pilot study. In the TOBAMIG pilot study information on tobacco use and its determinants was collected from a mixed sample of immigrants, suggesting a large‐scale study was in principle feasible, but modifications from the TOBAMiG approach were to be made. In Denmark, the overall TRC rate in immigrants was lower than that of the natives; however, large differences were observed by cancer‐site and by country of origin, suggesting that among other factors the smoking patterns from the immigrant’s country of origin have a primary role in the burden of TRC. Finally, with regard to a large‐scale study in France, two study designs are proposed, depending on the quantity of information sought, to better understand tobacco use in immigrants and risk of TRC

In this essay, I have analyzed both the Swedish and Danish debates about the insertion of a literary canon in school’s curricula. After a description of the terms “canon” and “cultivation”, I proceed to analyze debate news articles from both Swedish and Danish media to find similarities and differences in the arguments between the two debates. I then compare the arguments between both countries to find how Denmark could be able to implement a literary canon into the curricula, but not Sweden. I find that both countries have similarities and differences regarding the debates, and that although there are implications as to say why, one can not in truth conclude why Denmark had its canon implemented.

Income growth and income inequality is an important theme in Economic research. It has been debated for decades whether income inequality hinders or enhances income growth. One of the classic models of this relationship was the Kuzenets curve which shows inequality against income per capita can be defined by an inverted U-shaped curve, over a period of time. The purpose of the paper is to see to see the relationship between income growth and inequality on a municipality level. To do this, four econometric panel data models were constructed with data gathered from Statbank Denmark. Log of income was used as the dependent variable and different measures of inequality were used as independent variables among other variables (public expenditure, education, population density, demographic composition, taxation). Results from these models show how income growth is positively related to income inequality, with vastly higher growth at the top end of the income distribution in Denmark. The implications of these findings can show that a trade-off between income inequality and income growth is not true, and it is possible that both variables work in tandem. Other factors such as education and demographic composition were also positively correlated with income growth, while other factors, such as taxation, were statistically insignificant. Comprehensive research on inequality and income growth at a municipality level is sparse, especially in the case of Denmark. Thus, this study contributes to research in regional economics.

Abstract G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are having the high medical importance since almost half of the medicinal drugs are designed as modulators of receptor molecules. Crystal structure or NMR structures of GPCRs are very difficult to determine because all GPCRs are typically bound to the cell membrane and thus their molecular activation mechanism is still unclear. The recent publication of the crystal structure of the 2-adrenoreceptor will provide new insights in the field of GPCR research. Ghrelin is a peptide growth hormone which binds to the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS-R) and stimulates the release of growth hormone. Based on the known ghrelin receptor binding core sequences wFwLL (upper letter and lower letter representative for L-form and D-form of the amino acids respectively), we prepared two novel peptide analogs with terminal S-(2-aminoethylsulfenyl) cysteine residues. These peptides were tested for their ability to suppress the binding of ghrelin to transfected COS7 cell-line (Kidney fibroblast line from the green African monkey) cells expressing the ghrelin wild-type receptor or certain mutants thereof. As a result we observed a significant reduction of the total number of binding sites accessible for ghrelin, which increased with the time the cells were incubated with our test compounds. This observations support our hypothesis that the peptides we tested form a covalent bond with free thiols located closely to the ligand binding-site of the receptor protein by disulfide thiol exchange which is an interesting target for development of anti-obesity drugs.

The thesis provides an insight into Danish culture and society. First chapter is dealing with the general characteristics of Denmark and its economic situation. Furthermore, it includes brief history. Following chapter introduces Danish culture and the values of the society. The cultural standards are divided into cultural dimensions, introduced by Hofstede, and compared to the Czech cultural standards. Danish business culture as well as business negotiation style is subject to third chapter. The chapter also provides information about consumer behaviour in Denmark. The last chapter introduces the results of a survey made.

The aim of this diploma thesis is to analyze the marketing environment of the Danish market and to examine the external factors which affect the companies and their activities in this market. My goal is to create a realistic idea about the Danish business environment and cultural differences of the Danes. For the purpose of this analysis I focused on the most important macrofactors, such as the political, economic and social factors. On the basis of cultural specifics and identified macrofactors I also give some advice to the companies to take into account when planning their marketing strategy. As a result of this thesis Czech entrepreneurs might be better able to understand the Danish environment, detect possible opportunities and also reveal the risks associated with doing business in Denmark.