Il a été démontré que la pulpe dentaire pouvait constituer un matériel de choix pour la paléomicrobiologie. Au début de ce travail de thèse, nous avons envisagé de rechercher les bactéries bactériémiques chez les mammifères à partir de la pulpe dentaire de dents contemporaines et anciennes. Au préalable, il était nécessaire de classer les dents modernes et anciennes mises à notre disposition par les zoologues et en particulier de déterminer l’espèce à laquelle les dents anciennes appartenaient car il est souvent difficile de différencier morphologiquement des dents appartenant à des espèces proches. Deux méthodes ont été utilisées pour réaliser cette partie de notre travail: la première méthode moléculaire avec comme outil, le gène séquençage du cytochrome b et la seconde protéomique par analyse des profils peptidiques de la pulpe dentaire. Les résultats obtenus ont confirmé que la pulpe dentaire peut constituer une source d’ADN ancien et de protéines anciennes.Dans un deuxième travail, faisant suite aux travaux effectués dans le laboratoire, en collaboration avec différentes équipes d’anthropologues, nous avons mis en place une technique de détection simultanée à haut débit d’ADN bactérien ancien combinée à une PCR «suicide». Cette technique appliquée à la pulpe dentaire de dents humaines anciennes a été utilisée pour détecter sept pathogènes. Les résultats obtenus par cette technique moléculaire attestent de la présence simultanée d’ADN de Y. pestis et de B. quintana dans la pulpe dentaire de dents prélevées sur des restes humains dans les sépultures de Bondy, France (XIème - XVème) et de Venise, Italie (XIVème - XVIème). Ces données suggèrent la transmission de Y. pestis par le pou de corps, vecteur connu de B. quintana, au cours des épidémies de peste ancienne. Les résultats obtenus ont confirmé ceux obtenus par cinq autres équipes que Y. pestis est l'agent responsable de la «Peste Noire». Les résultats de notre travail de Thèse contribuent à la paléomicrobiologie. / The dental pulp has been demonstrated to be a suitable specimen on which to base paleomicrobiology studies. At the initiation of this Thesis work, we aimed to detect bacteria in the dental pulp extracted from contemporary and ancient mammals’ teeth. In mammals, the first task was the classification of species to which the teeth belong. In a first work, we have accomplished this task by two methods used in parallel: the molecular method based on cytochrome b gene sequencing and proteomic method by the dental pulp MALDI TOF mass spectrometry peptide profiling. The results of this work demonstrated that dental pulp is a source for studying both ancient DNA and ancient proteins. In a second work, following previous publications, we detected bacterial DNA from dental pulp of ancient human teeth using a multiplex high-throughput “suicide” PCR to detect seven pathogens (Yersinia pestis, Bacillus anthracis, Borrelia recurrentis, Bartonella quintana, Rickettsia prowazekii, Salmonella enterica Typhi and Poxvirus). We demonstrated the simultaneous presence of Y. pestis DNA and B. quintana DNA in dental pulp specimens collected from burials in Bondy, France dating 11th-15th and burials in Venice, Italy dating 14th-16th. This result may suggest the transmission of Y. pestis by the body louse, the known vector of B. quintana. Also, these results reinforce the large corpus of data produced by five different teams (Pusch et al., 2004 ; Cerutti et al., 2007 ; Bianucci et al., 2009 ; Haensch et al. 2010 ; Wiechmann et al. 2010) that the agent of the Black Death is Y. pestis. Our results herein contributed to the works in paleomicrobiology.

Orientador: Caio Cezar Randi Ferraz / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T21:48:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Anacleto_FelipeNogueira_M.pdf: 1773545 bytes, checksum: c2db927cede9fb1831811991d3b70d9b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: Tão importante quanto a avaliação pulpar, o diagnóstico periapical dos dentes com necessidade de tratamento endodôntico, é realizado por testes com resultados imprecisos, inquantificáveis e de difícil validação. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar a força de mordida (FM) pré e pós-operatória em molares inferiores com periodontite apical assintomática. Foram avaliados 31 pacientes (20 mulheres e 11 homens), o dente incluído foi mensurado quanto a força de mordida (FM) registrada em Newton(N) com o medidor de força oclusal Occlusal Force-Meter GM10 e também seu representante contralateral. O tratamento foi realizado em duas sessões, na primeira o dente foi acessado, descontaminado por técnica crown down, a odontometria realizada por um localizador apical Root ZX II (J. Morita, Japão). O comprimento de trabalho adotado foi 1mm aquém do forame apical com patência e a substância química auxiliar foi o hipoclorito de sódio 6%, o preparo mecânico foi realizado com sistema rotatório Protaper® Universal (Dentsply, EUA) e os dentes foram medicados com hidróxido de cálcio e soro fisiológico por 07 dias. Na segunda sessão o dente foi novamente acessado, a medicação removida, o dente obturado com guta percha e restaurado definitivamente com resina composta. As avaliações de força de mordida pós operatória foram feitas com 48 horas e 7 dias pós obturação. Os valores foram comparados por análise estatística ANOVA e teste t Tuckey (?= 0.05) com os resultados dos dentes contralaterais. Os resultados apresentaram diferença estatística do grupo teste com o grupo contralateral na avaliação inicial da FM e na avaliação da FM 48 horas pós obturação. Conclui-se que os dentes tratados tiveram nas primeiras 48 horas redução da força de mordida, porém com 7 dias de finalização do tratamento os valores da FM se restabelecem comparados com os dentes contralaterais / Abstract: As important as the pulp evaluation, the diagnosis of periapical teeth recquiring endodontic treatment is done by testing with inaccurate results, unquantifiable and difficult validation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare pre and postoperative bite force (BF) in mandibular molars with asymptomatic apical periodontitis. 31 patients were evaluated (20 females and 11 males), the included tooth as well as its contralateral representative bite force (BF) were measured and recorded in Newton (N) using an occlusal force meter (Occlusal Force-Meter GM10). The treatment was performed in two sessions, in the first one, the tooth was accessed, decontaminated by crown down tecnique, odontometry performed by an apex locator Root ZX II (J. Morita, Japan). The adopted working length was 1 mm short of the apical foramen with patency and the auxiliary chemical substance was 6% sodium hypochlorite, the mechanical preparation was performed using Protaper® Universal rotary system (Dentsply, USA) and the teeth were filled with calcium hydroxide and saline by 07 days. In the second session the tooth was again accessed, medication removed, the tooth filled with gutta percha and definitely restored with composite resin The postoperative bite force evaluations were made 48 hours and 7 days post obturation. The values were compared by ANOVA and Tukey Student's t test (? = 0.05), with the contralateral teeth results. The results showed statistical difference of the test group compared to the contralateral group at baseline BF and at BF 48 hours after obturation evaluations. It is concluded that the treated teeth had an operative sensitivity within 48 hours with reduced bite force, but in 7 days of completion of the treatment the BF values were restored compared to the contralateral teeth / Mestrado / Endodontia / Mestre em Clínica Odontológica

A polpa do dente contém uma população de células-tronco multipotentes, que possuem a capacidade de se diferenciar em várias linhagens celulares distintas, in vitro e in vivo. Estas células possuem origem mesenquimal e, acredita-se que sejam derivadas da crista neural. Elas podem ser induzidas a se diferenciar em células de osso, cartilagem, músculo liso e esquelético. Há trabalhos também que descrevem a diferenciação neural destas células, com base principalmente em caracterizações morfológica e protéica. Contudo, um número crescente de dados sugere que a diferenciação neural de células de origem mesenquimal, pode, na verdade, ser um artefato de cultura. Neste contexto, se torna de grande importância introduzir nos estudos medidas de eletrofisiologia que possam confirmar a identidade neural destas células. Nosso objetivo foi isolar e caracterizar células-tronco de polpa de dente decíduo humano (IDPSC), verificando se as mesmas poderiam configurar um bom modelo para estudo da diferenciação neural in vitro. No presente trabalho, nós descrevemos uma população de IDPSCs indiferenciadas capazes de se diferenciar em adipócitos e osteócitos in vitro. Quando tratadas com ácido retinóico as IDPSC exibiram morfologia semelhante à de células neurais, além de apresentar expressão de proteínas neurais e disparar potencial de ação. Porém, curiosamente, as células sem tratamento também expressam esses marcadores e apresentam resposta eletrofisiológica, limitando a interpretação acerca do valor que o tratamento teria na promoção da diferenciação neural e, conseqüentemente, restringindo a utilização das mesmas como modelo de estudo da diferenciação neural in vitro. Apesar de a questão acerca da capacidade das IDPSCs em se diferenciar para neurônios permanecer não respondida, as IDPSCs foram capazes de direcionar a diferenciação neural de células-tronco embrionárias em ensaios de co-cultura. Estes resultados reforçam trabalhos prévios que mostram que as células-tronco de polpa de dente podem ser boas candidatas para terapia celular. / Post-natal stem cells have been isolated from a multiple source of tissues, as bone marrow, brain, skin, hair follicle and muscle. Many works have shown that these cells exhibit plasticity higher than the first believed and are able to transdifferentiate into cells from other germ layer origin. From dental pulp tissue is possible to isolate a population of multipotent stem cell which have mesenchymal origin and are supposed to be derived from neural crest. They can be induced to differentiate into mesodermal cell types, like chondrocyte, osteocyte and adipocyte. It has been also reported that they are able to transdifferentiate into neural cells. However, increasing data suggests that neural transdifferentiation of cells from mesenchymal origin, actually, may be an artifact of culture, due to cellular stress, for example. In front of this, it becomes of great importance to show that the expected differentiated cells exhibit functional responses, by the investigation of electrophysiological properties. Here we describe a population of undifferentiated human dental pulp stem cell that can be induced to differentiate into adipocytes and osteocytes in vitro. When treated with retinoic acid they showed neural cell like morphology, expressed neural markers and were able to fire action potentials. However, curiously, undifferentiated cells also exhibited the same responses, limiting the interpretation of neural treatment effect and, therefore, restricting the use of IDPSCs as a model for neural differentiation in vitro. Although the question of whether or not DPSC are able to become a neuron remains unsolved, these cells were able to direct neural differentiation of embryonic stem cells in co-culture assays. These findings in conjunction with previous works which shows DPSCs can exercise neuroprotective and neurotrophic effects indicate they may be a feasible candidate for cellular therapy.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Introduction: A novel device developed by J. Morita can generate electromagnetic stimulation (EMS) into the root canal. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the anti-biofilm effect of EMS combined with low concentrations of NaOCl against an established biofilm of Enterococcus faecalis in an in vitro human tooth model. Materials and Methods: Single rooted human teeth were standardized and an E. faecalis biofilm was established in the canal. The specimens were subject to six treatment groups: 1) 1.5% NaOCl; 2) 1.5% NaOCl and EMS; 3) 0.25% NaOCl; 4) 0.25% NaOCl and EMS; 5) saline and 6) saline and EMS. Biofilm was collected, plated, and the number of colony forming units (CFU)/mL was used to determine antibacterial activity. Results: The effect of treatment group on bacterial counts were made using one-way ANOVA followed by pair-wise comparisons. Although there was no significant difference between individual groups tested, there was statistically significant difference between the average difference between ‘treatments with EMS’ and ‘treatments without EMS.’ Conclusion: EMS can improve the antibacterial efficacy of NaOCl against an established biofilm of E. faecalis in an in vitro human tooth model

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Introduction: In order to successfully treat an infected root canal system (RCS), it is required to locate all root canals and have an access path to the apex of each canal. This can be challenging in teeth with pulp canal obliteration (PCO), often leading to increased chair time and increased risk of iatrogenic errors. Guided endodontic access (GEA) combines information from a cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scan with an intra-oral scan to create a stent. GEA stents with or without fixation pins have been shown to be successful in accurately negotiating a RCS with PCO. Objective: Compare the degree of deviation and difference in 3D offset at the base to apical tip of the drill from the designed access path when a GEA stent with and without pin fixation is used to access tooth #8 with PCO. Materials and Methods: A 3-D printed maxillary model of an anonymous patient had a GEA stent designed using coDiagnonstiX software. The stent extended from tooth #3 to tooth #14 with the guide sleeve over tooth #8. Tooth #8 with no calcification, calcification to the cervical third, and calcification to the middle third of the RCS were designed in the coDiagnostiX software. Tooth #8 will be accessed using a 1.3 mm drill that fits a 1.3 mm sleeve used for both access and pin fixation. 15 of the 30 GEA samples will utilized pin fixation, while the other 15 samples did not utilize pin fixation. Following GEA in all 30 samples a CBCT was taken of each sample. Each post-operative CBCT was aligned with the pre-operative CBCT in the coDiagnostiX software. The coDiagnostiX software was able to calculate the degree of deviation and difference in 3D offset between the base and apical tip of the drill during GEA. Paired t-tests were used to test each group for significant differences in 3D offset between base and tip. Two-way ANOVA was used to evaluate the effects of pin fixation and calcification on the degree of deviation and the deviation of 3D offset of the entry point and tip. Results: There was a significant interaction between use of pin fixation and calcification level on the degree of deviation of GEA. GEA with pin fixation had a significantly larger degree of deviation than GEA without pin fixation with calcification extending to the middle third of the RCS. GEA with and without pin fixation did not have a significant difference when calcification extended to the cervical third of the RCS or no calcification was present. There was a significant interaction between use of pin fixation and calcification level on 3D offset difference. GEA with pin fixation had a significantly larger 3D offset difference than GEA with no pin fixation for calcification in the middle third of the RCS. For GEA with and without pin fixation there was no significant difference when calcification extended to the cervical third of the RCS or no calcification was present. Conclusion: The use of pin fixation did not result in a decrease of degree of deviation or difference in 3D offset during GEA access. It can be concluded that the use of pin fixation is not necessary for GEA of teeth with PCO when a full dentition is present to provide stability and retention of the stent. / 2022-06-21

Orientador: Gisele Faria / Resumo: As cistatinas são inibidores naturais de cisteíno proteases e desempenham um papel crítico no controle da degradação de proteínas. As cistatinas de plantas, dentre elas a cistatina produzidas de forma recombinante a partir da Citrus sinensis (CsinCPI-2), têm mostrado potencial para serem usadas em diferentes abordagens terapêuticas. Os objetivos deste estudo foram avaliar a citocompatibilidade e o efeito da fitocistatina CsinCPI-2 sobre a proliferação, migração e diferenciação osteogênica de células da polpa dental humana (hDPCs). Previamente à realização dos ensaios, as hDPCs foram caracterizadas quanto a expressão de marcadores de células tronco mesenquimais por meio de citometria de fluxo. hDPCs expostas à CsinCPI-2 e não expostas (controle) foram avaliadas quanto à viabilidade celular por meio dos ensaios de metiltiazol tetrazólio (MTT) e alamar blue, apoptose por meio de citometria de fluxo, atividade da fosfatase alcalina (ALP) por meio do cálculo da liberação de timolfitaleína, produção de nódulos mineralizados por meio de coloração com vermelho de alizarina, migração celular pelo ensaio de transwell, proliferação por meio de ensaio de incorporação de bromodeoxiuridina (BrdU) e expressão gênica de proteína morfogenética óssea 2 (BMP-2), fator de transcrição osteogênica (RUNX2), fosfatase alcalina (ALP), osteocalcina (OC), sialoproteína óssea (BSP) e proteína da matriz da dentina (DMP-1) por meio da reação da polimerase em cadeia em tempo real quantitativa (qPCR).Os dad... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Cystatins are natural inhibitors of cysteine proteases and play a critical role in controlling protein degradation. Plant cystatins, among them a cystatins recombinantly produced from Citrus sinensis (CsinCPI-2), have shown potential to be used in different therapeutic approaches. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the cytocompatibility and effect of phytocystatin CsinCPI-2 on the proliferation, migration and osteogenic differentiation of human dental pulp cells (hDPCs). Previously to the performing the assays, hDPCs were characterized for the expression of mesenchymal stem cell markers by flow cytometry. hDPCs exposed to CsinCPI-2 and unexposed (control) were evaluated from cell viability by the methylthiazole tetrazolium (MTT) and alamar blue assays, apoptosis by flow cytometry, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity by calculation of thymolphtalein release, production of mineralized nodules by alizarin red staining, migration cells by Transwell assay, proliferation by bromodeoxyridine (BrdU) incorporation assay and gene expression of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2), transcription factor (RUNX2), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin (OC), bone sialoprotein (BSP) and dentine matrix protein -1 (DMP-1) by quantitative real time PCR (qPCR). The data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Turkey post-test, two-way ANOVA and Bonferroni post-test or t-test (α = 0.05). hDPCs used in assays showed positive marking for mesenchymal stem cells (CD105,... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) Endodontic Regeneration Graduate Endodontic Department / Introduction: Regenerative endodontic procedures are used to treat immature teeth with pulpal necrosis in order to control infection, enable continued root development and enhance formation of a pulp like tissue in the canal. Canal disinfection is an integral part the regenerative endodontic process. Double antibiotic paste (DAP; i.e., equal parts of ciprofloxacin and metronidazole) has been successfully used for canal disinfection in regenerative endodontics. A comparison of the residual antibacterial effect of dentin treated with various dilutions of DAP pastes on biofilm formation has not yet been investigated thoroughly. Objectives: The aims of this in-vitro study were to investigate how concentration and time of treatment affect the residual antibacterial properties of DAP in preventing E. faecalis biofilm formation on human dentin. Materials and Methods: Extracted human teeth were used to obtain 4x4mm radicular dentin specimens. Each specimen was pretreated for 1 or 4 weeks with the 77 clinically used concentration of DAP (500 mg/mL), low concentrations of DAP (1, 5 or 50 mg/mL) loaded into a methylcellulose system, calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2), or placebo paste. After treatment, samples were rinsed and placed in sterile phosphate buffered saline (PBS) for three weeks. Samples were then inoculated with cultured E. faecalis and incubated in anaerobic conditions for three weeks to allow mature biofilm formation. The dentin samples were rinsed and biofilms detached. The detached biofilm cells were then diluted and spirally plated for enumeration on blood agar plates. The plates were then incubated for 24 h and the number of CFUs/mL was determined using an automated colony counter. Data was analyzed using Fisher’s Exact and Wilcoxon rank sum tests were used for statistical comparisons (α=0.05). Results: Dentin pretreatment for 4 weeks with 5, 50 or 500 mg/mL of DAP demonstrated significantly higher residual antibacterial effects and complete eradication of E. faecalis biofilms in comparison to a 1 week pretreatment with similar concentrations. However, dentin pretreated with 1 mg/mL of DAP or Ca(OH)2 did not provide a substantial residual antibacterial effect regardless of the application time. Conclusion: Dentin treated with 500, 50, or 5 mg/mL of DAP for 4 weeks was able to completely prevent the colonization of bacterial biofilm. Four-week treatment of dentin with DAP offers superior residual antibacterial effect in comparison to a one-week treatment. Intracanal application of DAP for 4 weeks during endodontic regeneration may offer an extended residual antibacterial effect.

Indiana University School of Dentistry Department of Endodontics / Introduction: Triple antibiotic paste (TAP, 1000 mg/ml) is composed of equal portions of ciprofloxacin, metronidazole and minocycline and is used as an intracanal dressing to disinfect the infected immature root canal during endodontic regeneration procedures. Lower concentrations of TAP have been recommended to minimize detrimental effects on pulp stem cells. TAP can be retained within the dentin matrix and its continual release confers an antibacterial effect to the dentin. Objective: The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate the residual antibacterial effect of dentin treated with various concentrations of TAP loaded into a gel system. Materials and Methods: Radicular dentin slabs were prepared from human teeth after obtaining IRB approval. The slabs were sterilized and treated with methylcellulose-based TAP of 100 mg/mL, 10 mg/mL, 1 mg/mL, 1.5% NaOCl, placebo paste with no TAP, or a positive control group with pure 1000 mg/mL TAP. Samples in each group were treated with the assigned TAP concentration for three weeks or immersed in 1.5% NaOCl for five minutes (n =18 per group). All samples were then irrigated with sterile water followed by 17% EDTA and incubated in phosphate buffered saline for either 2 or 4 weeks. Samples were then inoculated with Enterococcus faecalis and incubated for an additional 3 weeks. Biofilm formed on each sample was then dislodged and spiral plated to evaluate the bacterial colony-forming units. Data were analyzed using Fisher’s Exact tests and Wilcoxon rank sum tests (α = 0.05). Results: Dentin treated with 10, 100, or 1000 mg/mL of TAP demonstrated significant residual antibacterial effects up to four weeks. However, only 100 mg/mL TAP was able to completely prevent bacterial colonization after four weeks. No considerable residual antibacterial effect was observed in dentin treated with placebo gel, 1 mg/ml TAP or 1.5% NaOCl. Conclusion: At least 10 mg/mL of TAP loaded into a methylcellulose system is required to achieve a substantial residual antibacterial effect for four weeks.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / The purpose of this investigation was to compare the histopathologic effects of kinetic cavity preparation to the histopathologic effects of conventional high-speed handpiece preparation on the human dental pulp. The objective was to test the following hypothesis: kinetic cavity preparation results in significantly fewer pulpal effects than does conventional preparation using the high-speed handpiece. Class V cavity preparations were made in 26 teeth of seven patients who required extraction of these teeth for orthodontic purposes. Thirteen teeth were prepared using kinetic cavity preparation, using 27-um aluminum oxide particles at 160 pounds per square inch pressure. Thirteen were prepared using the high-speed handpiece and 330bur. Glass ionomer restorations were placed in all teeth. Extractions were done 10 to 15days after preparation. On teeth with closed apices, the apical one-third of the root was removed. All teeth were placed in 10 percent formalin solution. Teeth were sectioned and selected slides stained with hematoxylin and eosin for histologic evaluation. Microscopic findings indicated that the amount of remaining dentin was of significant thickness to be protective to the pulp. Pulpal responses ranged from no response in 22 specimens to a mild response in 4 specimens. Based on the results of this study, it was concluded that shallow preparation into the dentin does not cause pulpal damage at 10 to 15 days post-preparation, when using either kinetic cavity preparation or high-speed handpiece preparation. The hypothesis that kinetic cavity preparation causes significantly fewer pulpal effects than does conventional preparation with the high-speed handpiece was rejected.

Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), aspirin, is a renowned NSAID that its role in the process of bone metabolism has recently come to light. However, the influence of ASA on the odontogenesis of human dental pulp cells (HDPCs) remains elusive. In search of materials that would synergize the healing potential of the dental pulp, this study aimed to investigate the role of ASA on the odontogenesis of HDPCs in vitro and the influence of ASA on TGF-ß1 liberation from dentin. HDPCs were cultured in a culture medium with different concentrations of ASA: 25, 50, 75, 100, 200 μg/mL and 0 μg/mL as a control. The mitochondria activity of HDPCs was assessed using an MTT assay. Crystal violet staining and triton were used to evaluate cell proliferation rates. ALP activity was measured with the fluorometric assay. Expressions of DSP and RUNX2 were determined with ELISA. DSP and RUNX2 mRNA levels were measured with RT‐qPCR. Alizarin red staining was conducted to evaluate the mineralized nodule formation. Dentin slices were submerged in PBS (negative control), 17% EDTA (positive control), and ASA before collecting the solution for TGF-ß1quantification by ELISA. The data were analyzed by t tests and ANOVA followed by the Tukey post hoc tests. P values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. The results showed that 25-50 μg/mL ASA promoted mitochondria activity of HDPCs at 72h (P<0.05) and yielded significantly higher proliferation rates of HDPCs than the control at 14d and 21d (P<0.001). All concentrations of ASA promoted odontogenic differentiation of HDPCs by enhancing the mineralization and the levels of DSP, RUNX2, and their mRNA expression in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.05). Also, ASA yielded significantly higher TGF-ß1 liberation after conditioning dentin for 5min (P<0.001) and 10min (P<0.05). In conclusion, the data suggest that ASA promotes the odontogenic potential of HDPCs and TGF-ß1 liberation from dentin in vitro and might be incorporated into the novel pulp capping materials for dental tissue regeneration.