La théorie contemporaine de Validité met l’accent sur la validité de construit des inventaires psychologiques et sur la nécessité de mettre à jour les arguments de validité qui sous-tendent leur interprétation. C’est pourquoi la société éditeur a lancé une nouvelle campagne de validation, dans le cadre de cette thèse CIFRE, pour le questionnaire d’auto-évaluation de son outil en développement Q-PE). Q-PE investigue l’image de soi dans un contexte professionnel au moyen d’un inventaire personnologique qui mesure 10 dimensions bipolaires liées aux cinq dimensions du modèle personnologique Big Five au moyen de 70 items à choix obligé (ICO), chacun constitué de deux propositions de réponse. Nos deux objectifs principaux étaient d’étudier 1) la représentativité et la pertinence du contenu de l’actuelle version du Q-PE au regard du Big Five, 2) la validité de l’appariement des items en investiguant si les deux options de réponse de l’item sont des indicateurs d’une ou de plusieurs mêmes dimensions ou si elles renvoient à des dimensions différentes. Les résultats des trois études de cette thèse montrent que les options de réponse du Q-PE, à l’exception de quelques-unes, mesurent des dimensions du Big Five ainsi que des dimensions de Réalisation, de Rigueur et de Combativité. L’appariement des options de réponse, étudié pour 53 ICO et en attente d’analyses supplémentaires pour les 17 ICO dont les options de réponse n’ont pas été administrées aux mêmes participants, peut être considéré comme bien adapté pour 65% des ICO étudiés. Ces recherches dégagent donc plusieurs arguments de validité en faveur du Q-PE administré dans un contexte professionnel, apportent des éléments d’information sur les dimensions qui sous-tendent la description de l’image de soi et dégagent plusieurs pistes pour continuer le processus de validation. / The contemporary theory of Validity emphasizes the construct validity of psychological inventories and the need to make updates about existing arguments of validity that underlie their interpretation. For this reason the enterprise editor launched a new validation campaign, as part of this CIFRE thesis, for the self-assessment questionnaire of its (Q-PE). The Q-PE investigates the self-image in a professional context by 70 forced choice items (FCI), each consisting of two response proposals, and measures 10 bipolar dimensions related to the Big Five or The Five-factor model of personality. Thus, our two main objectives were to study 1) the representativeness and the relevance of the content of the current version of Q-PE under the Big Five theoretical model, 2) the validity of matching the proposals in items, for example, we investigate if the item proposals are indicators of one or more same dimensions or if they refer to different dimensions. The results of the three studies in this thesis show that the Q-PE item proposals, with little exception, measure personality traits in reference to the Big Five dimensions of personality as well as to the dimensions of Realization (Achievement), Rigor and Combativeness. Regarding matching between items, 65% of 53 FCI that could be studied are considered as suitable and further analysis are awaited for the 17 FCI which answer options were not administered to the same participants. This research provides therefore some more validity arguments in favor of Q-PE, brings some information about the dimensions that underlie self-image description and its evaluation in a professional context and releases ways to continue this validation process

Submitted by Nadir Basilio (nadirsb@uninove.br) on 2016-06-21T18:22:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Thiago Chiorino Costa.pdf: 1489309 bytes, checksum: 9ee4e4c2c88d14a0ad4d485f65360126 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-21T18:22:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Thiago Chiorino Costa.pdf: 1489309 bytes, checksum: 9ee4e4c2c88d14a0ad4d485f65360126 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-16 / This study aims to investigate the relationship of personality traits with individuals’ environmentally responsible attitudes. Was investigated altruistic and materialistic characteristics to see if, in fact, such characteristics can explain attitudes that generate lower impact on the environment. Also, was considered, once it is a behavioral research, the bias caused by social desirability, or, in other words, the fact that individuals express their opinions or attitudes according the expected behavior of society, and not according to their reality. To achieve the objectives of this study, scales were used to measure the constructs involved and used the structural equation modeling as a method of analysis. The sample consisted of 339 individuals responsible for their personal or family purchases. It is concluded that the altruistic and materialistic characteristics of individuals explain, in part, their attitudes and how these can be supported by environmental considerations or motivations. It was found that altruism is directly and positively related to environmentally responsible attiudes, while materialism is directly, but negatively related to environmentally responsible attitudes. This study, as well as contributing to the theories related to consumer behavior and the study of sustainability, specifically with regard to environmentally responsible consumption habits, also includes contributions to the business practice. Companies must better understand their customers and their behavior so as to adapt or create new products or businesses to better satisfy them and also minimize the impact on the environment caused in the consumption and post-consumption stages of their products. / O presente trabalho tem como objetivo investigar as relações dos traços de personalidade com as atitudes ambientalmente responsáveis dos indivíduos. Investigou-se características altruístas e materialistas para constatar se tais características de fato podem explicar atitudes que levem em consideração a geração de menor impacto ao meio ambiente. Também considerou-se, por tratar-se de uma pesquisa comportamental, o viés ocasionado pela desejabilidade social, ou seja, pelo fato de os indivíduos expressarem suas opiniões ou atitudes de acordo o comportamento esperado da sociedade, e não de acordo com a sua realidade. Para alcançar os objetivos deste estudo, foram utilizadas escalas para mensuração dos construtos envolvidos e, como método de análise, utilizou-se a Modelagem de Equações Estruturais. A amostra foi composta por 339 indivíduos, responsáveis por suas compras pessoais e/ou de suas famílias. Conclui-se que as características altruístas e materialistas dos indivíduos explicam, em partes, as suas atitudes e como estas podem estar sustentadas por preocupações ou motivações ambientais. Constatou-se que o altruísmo está direta e positivamente relacionado com atitudes ambientalmente responsáveis, enquanto o materialismo está direta, porém, negativamente relacionado com atitudes ambientalmente responsáveis. Tal estudo, além de contribuir com as teorias relacionadas ao comportamento do consumidor e ao estudo da sustentabilidade, mais especificamente no que diz respeito aos hábitos de consumo ambientalmente responsáveis, também traz contribuições para a prática empresarial. As empresas devem entender melhor seus consumidores e seus respectivos comportamentos para assim adaptar ou criar novos produtos ou negócios para melhor satisfazê-los e, ainda, minimizar os impactos no meio ambiente ocasionados nas etapas de consumo e pós-consumo de seus produtos.

The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between leadership behavior and perceived burnout of coaches. Head coaches from high schools and from Southeast and Southwest Conference universities were included in the sample (N=302). Coaches completed the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), Leader Behavior Description Questionnaire, Social Desirability Scale and a demographic data sheet. Coaches were separated into two leadership behavior groups and classified as Consideration or as Initiating Structure. It was predicted that coaches in the Consideration Group would have a higher level of perceived burnout. A multivariate analysis of variance was conducted and indicated significant differences in four subscales of the MBI. Specifically, coaches in the Consideration Group scored significantly higher in the frequency and intensity dimension of the emotional exhaustion and depersonalization subscales (p<.001).

The relationship between Gender Equality (GE) and Sustainability has been analysed for many years, with plenty of studies choosing the angle of the businesses environment to cut in. In addition, SMEs, as the predominant form of enterprise worldwide, are the primary source of employment in most countries. With that in mind, this research scrutinised internal and external drivers to Sustainability Engagement (SE) in Gotland SMEs from a Gender perspective, which presents a probable positive association between GE and SE in SMEs. The study mainly focuses on five female managers’ perceptions of GE and SE, supported by 16 responses to questionnaires. Under the Capabilities Approach (CA) and Dynamic Capabilities theoretical framework, we analyse the specific women managers’ Individual Dynamic Capabilities (IDC) and corporate Dynamic Capabilities, which proves that external and internal factors positively affect corporate SE. The study also introduces a particular psychological model of Social Desirability and Social Approval to delve deeper into female managers sensing mechanisms.

Diploma thesis deals with the process of validization of Marlowe-Crowne social desirability scale in the Czech context. Despite the fact that social desirability represents an error, which can disrupt validity of obtained data, there is no official Czech version of Marlowe-Crowne scale that could be used in surveys. The aim of this thesis is to create Czech translation of the scale and test its functionality. The Marlowe-Crowne scale is introduced from a theoretical point of view firstly, is discussed its creation, characteristics, its importance in relation to social desirability, critics and problems and possibilities and difficulties of its use in the new context. Further are discussed different ways of translation of research instruments, which could help to preserve their purpose, and method of cognitive interviews as a way of testing of new or adapted research instruments. Modified parallel translation of three translators was used for creation of Czech version of Marlowe-Crowne scale. Cognitive interview, based mostly on verbal protocols, were used for testing of finally translated scale to find out, if scale is applicable in the Czech context without any problems. Interviews were conducted with sixteen respondents with different sociodemographic characteristics. Thesis concludes that scale...

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Globally, the justice system has set up courts to respond to complaints of a criminal and civil nature. Courts also respond to complaints which require swift relief by way of shortened procedures, in the form of motion proceedings. In all these complaints, courts have to respond in a manner that leaves litigants with a feeling of satisfaction that justice has been done. To the end of ensuring that there is legal certainty, justice systems in all jurisdictions have established a hierarchy of courts, with lower courts being bound by the decisions of higher courts in their jurisdiction. There has been no problem in the application of this principle called stare decisis, or judicial precedent, in disputes of law. However, in disputes of constitutional interpretation, courts have demonstrated a marked shift from observing the rule of judicial precedent. The disregard for this rule manifests itself particularly in the adjudication of cases surrounded by controversy. It is argued herein that constitutional interpretation is no different from legal interpretation, in that the rule of judicial precedent which characterises court decisions in legal disputes, should characterise court decisions in constitutional interpretation disputes. The Constitutional Court of South Africa itself, though it is the highest arbiter in constitutional matters, is bound by its own previous decisions, unless its previous decisions have become manifestly wrong. Three constitutional rights are analysed. The right to life in its three manifestations, namely, the right to life of the unborn child, the right to life of the convicted criminal not to be hanged, and the right of the terminally ill to continue living by receiving medical care at state expense. The other two rights are the right to privacy, and the right to culture. The right to privacy is the right that has been claimed in political controversies. In isolated instances, specifically mentioned herein, the Constitutional Assembly and the drafters of the Constitution have also contributed to the resultant inconsistency in constitutional interpretation. This is especially so with regard to the right to practise one‘s culture. / Constitutional, International & Indigenous Law / LL.D.

本研究欲探討在模擬甄選情境中，情境因素對降低社會期許之效果。本研究採三因子2×2×2受試者間之實驗設計，所操弄的三個獨變項為： 1.促發(priming)受試者誠實作答的傾向之有無 2.測謊題警告之有無 3.作答時間的限制之有無；依變項為社會期許正、負向題分數與三個人格測驗向度（適應性、親和性、審慎性）的分數。本研究分為研究一、研究二兩階段進行。研究一之受試者包括企業應徵者81人與國小實習老師92人，研究結果顯示：三個獨變項中，只在有「測謊題警告」情境下能顯著降低社會期許正向題的分數。「時間限制」則在無「促發」之情況下，會提升「親和性」人格之分數。針對研究一的結果，研究者改變「促發」與「時間限制」的操弄方式，其它研究程序相同，進行研究二。研究二之受試者為503位大學生，研究結果顯示：「促發」會提升社會期許負向題的分數，且在有「時間限制」、無「警告」的情況下，亦可提升「適應性」分數。「測謊題警告」可降低社會期許正向題的分數，並有降低「親和性」分數之趨勢。「時間限制」仍然沒有任何效果。 研究者分別就研究一、研究二之結果加以討論並提出可能的解釋。此外，研究者亦嘗試驗證與討論社會期許量表中正向題與負向題之建構。最後研究者檢討本研究之限制，並對未來之研究方向提出若干建議。 / The influence of three situational factors on reducing social desirability bias under simulated selection context was investigated in 2 studies. A 2×2×2 experimental design was used in these 2 studies. The three independent variables were: 1.’’Priming’’ the honest responding tendency. 2.Warning of having a lie scale. 3.Time limit for each question. The dependent variables included: 1.Two dimension scores of social desirability scale (positive keying items and negative keying items). 2.Scores of three personality dimensions (adjustment, likeability, prudence). Subjects of study1 were 81 job applicants and 92 elementary school interns. The results indicated that “warning of having a lie scale” could reduce the scores of positive keying social desirability scale. “Time limit” increased the scores of “likeability” under “no priming” situation. According to the results of study1, the author modified the manipulations of “priming” and “time limit”, and conducted study2. The subjects of study2 were 503 college students. The results indicated that “priming” could increase the scores of negative keying social desirability scale. “Priming” also increased the scores of “adjustment” under “time limit” and “no warning” situation. “Warning of having a lie scale” could reduce the scores of positive keying social desirability scale, and also had the trend to reduce the scores of “likeability”. “Time limit” still didn’t have any main effect on dependent measures. Base on the results for study1 and study2, the author discussed the effects of 3 situational factors on reducing social desirability bias, and also tried to clarify the construct validity of two-dimensional social desirability scale. The author also discussed the limitations of the present research, and made some suggestions for future research.

Cette thèse est constituée de quatre chapitres distincts. Le premier chapitre présente un travail écrit en collaboration avec Christophe Spaenjers. Nous montrons que les individus avec une espérance de vie subjective qui est plus longue, ont une fraction d'actions conditionnelles qui est augmentée.L'effet d'une espérance de vie qui diminue est atténué par des motifs de légation.Dans le deuxième chapitre, j'étudie l'importance de la séquence de naissance pour les décisions financières.Je montre que les aînés diffèrent de leurs frères et soeurs par leurs décisions.Les résultats accentuent l'importance des expériences familiales pour les choix des agents. Dans le troisième chapitre, je montre que la présence d'un entourage diminue la probabilité d'une réponse, et augmente la propension d'une auto-évaluation exagérée des aptitudes. Cette observation implique une sous-estimation de l'importance de l'aplomb pour le comportement des individus. Le quatrième chapitre est le résultat d'une collaboration avec Thomas Bourveau et François Brochet.Nous identifions les plaintes dont les plaignants allèguent que l'entreprise ait caché une mauvaise performance liée à une acquisition. Utilisant la proclamation des plaintes comme un traitement de l'industrie, nous trouvons des résultats cohérents avec un effet disciplinant le comportement d'investir des autres dirigeants de l'industrie / This dissertation consists of four distinct chapters.The first chapter presents the joint work with Christophe Spaenjers.We find that individuals with longer subjective life horizons hold higher conditional equity shares, and the effect of a shortening life horizon on portolio choice is offset by bequest motives. In the second chapter,I examine the explanatory power of birth order to financial household decisions. I show that firstborns differ in their financial decision-making from later born siblings. The results highlight the importance of personal family experiences for household choices. In the third chapter,I document that, in surveys, the presence of companions decreases the probability of respondents replying, and increases the probability of respondents overreporting their self-assessed abilities. The overreporting leads to a downward bias in the estimates of the importance of overconfidence for individuals' behavior. The fourth chapter presents joint work with Thomas Bourveau and François Brochet. We identify M&A lawsuits, where plaintiffs allege that the firm hid poor performance related to prior acquisition. Using the filing of a lawsuit as an industry shock, we show findings consistent with a disciplining effect from the lawsuit for the investment behavior of peer firms' managers