京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第18965号 / 工博第4007号 / 新制||工||1617(附属図書館) / 31916 / 京都大学大学院工学研究科都市社会工学専攻 / (主査)教授 藤井 聡, 准教授 SCHMOECKER,JAN-DirK, 准教授 神田 佑亮 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM

There are thousands of religions around the world. Religious communities are often involved in developmental spheres and for many places are the main actors, especially in developing countries, this is why their work is important. However, it is not only important in developing countries, but also in developed countries as development is vital for all people. Christianity is one of these religions. It has been the predominant religion in Sweden during the last hundreds of years. This is also the case in Växjö, where most religious communities are Christian. Using a qualitative case study mostly done through interviews, five organizations have been analysed with a focus on their work with social development. I have done a qualitative case study on the Christian communities using a “development as substantive freedom,” theory developed by Amartya Sen. The five organisations that were interviewed (Ulriksbergikyrkan, Equmeniakyrkan, Mariakyrkan, Domkyrkan and St. Michaels Catholic Church) showed how they work with the freedoms that the theory speaks about. Even though all the participants expressed actions that can be viewed as social development, none of them view it as such. In this essay I argue that this viewpoint both show an implicit social development work and internalization of a secular discourse where religion is something distinct from the public. I also argue that religion is a crucial aspect in these freedoms as it has an important role in creating a social and individual identity, which is a building block for spiritual and social development.

This thesis examines the relationship between private equity activity and perceived corruption in Asian countries controlling for many different economic factors. The study finds indications that perceived corruption negatively affects private equity in Asia, however this is not statistically proven for all countries. When analysing groups of countries separately, the study finds that higher perceived corruption is positively correlated with private equity activity in Developed markets but negatively correlated with private equity activity in Emerging markets. For Frontier markets, the relationship is not statistically significant, even though indications point to a negative relationship. The ability to enforce contracts, measuring the quality of judicial systems, is the most significant determinant of private equity activity. Furthermore, the paper finds that control variables overall have bigger effects for emerging and frontier countries than for developed economies, implying that richer economies already have higher levels of economic development and small changes do not have much impact, but for poorer countries, smaller changes in different factors seem to boost private equity activity

The heat transfer and friction augmentation in the fully developed portion of a 2:1 aspect ratio rectangular channel with orthogonal ribs at channel Reynolds numbers of 20,000, 30,000, and 40,000 is studied both experimentally and computationally. Ribs are applied to the two opposite wide walls. The rib aspect ratio is varied systematically at 1, 3, and 5, with a constant rib height and constant rib pitch (rib-pitch-to-rib-height ratio of 10). The purpose of the study is to extend the knowledge of the performance of rectangular channels with ribs to include high aspect ratio ribs. The experimental investigation is performed using transient Thermochromic Liquid Crystals technique to measure the distribution of the local Nusselt numbers on the ribbed walls. Overall channel pressure drop and friction factor augmentation is also obtained with the experimental setup. A numerical simulation is also performed by solving the 3-D Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations using the realizable-k-Greek lowercase letter episilon] turbulence model for closure. Flow visualization is obtained from the computational results as well as numerical predictions of local distributions of Nusselt numbers and overal channel pressure drop. Results indicate that with increasing rib width, the heat transfer augmentation of the ribbed walls decreases with a corresponding reduction in channel pressure drop.

This study is to investigate the problem of connectivity between nationally produced science and national needs. It is a collective case study of two academic departments within Saudi academia, the departments of petroleum engineering at Alpha and Beta Universities. The rationale for using these departments is that Saudi Arabia has an advanced petroleum industry, making petroleum engineering a good case for investigating the connectivity of nationally produced science with national needs. The main tool of the study was in-depth tape-recorded interviews. Twenty-two interviews were conducted, sixteen with current and retired faculty members at the petroleum engineering departments of Alpha and Beta and six with administrators at both universities. In addition, documents and observation were used as tools. The two departments differ in their levels of connectivity with national industry. One is increasingly connected with national industry, while the other is completely isolated from national industry. Historical and regulatory factors play a role in this difference. Four themes were generated from the data: institutional arrangements, positive attitude and self confidence, social construction of the university, and rentier mentality. The data gathered show that the issue of connectivity is beyond the will and abilities of individual scientists; it is a result of organizational efforts of the scientific institutions reinforced by the willingness of the productive sectors to change their behavior toward national scientists. / Ph. D.

<p> This thesis examines the theory of unequal exchange - an application of the labour theory of value to international freetrade - arguing that increased trade will harm rather than improve economic and social disparities between the developed and Third World countries. The theory as put forward by Arghiri Emmanuel is first presented and criticised. Assumptions of capital mobility and labour mobility on a world scale are than examined. As a result of these analyses unequal exchange is found to be a process the magnitude of which is mediated by the historical development of technology and the increasing mobility of productive capital. Unequal exchange does not provide a monocausal explanation of uneven development in capitalism as dependency-like interpretations would suggest, though it does make a significant contribution to a multicausal explanation. </p> <p>The existence of unequal exchange is shown, and its magnitude measured'i""' empirically on the basis of Morishima's value system. Input-output accounts for Canada and the Philippines are used for 1961 to produce estimates of commodity values per dollar. It is found that exports from the Philippines sold at prices that were almost five times lower than exports from Canada of the same value. Unequal exchange therefore, is a significant counteracting influence to the tendency for the rate of profit to fall in developed sectors, reducing the rate of profit, and therefore the rate of accumulation, in less developed sectors of production. </p> <p> The results of this analysis provide for two policy suggestions. Firstly the need to extend the class struggle to an international scale. Secondly, whilst import substitution may not solve the problems of less developed countries, an increase in trade will only harm them further. </p> / Thesis / Master of Arts (MA)

Структура магистерской диссертации включает в себя введение, три главы, заключение, список использованной литературы и приложения. В первой главе рассмотрены методики оценки эффективности девелоперских проектов, потенциал развития недвижимости и его жизненный цикл, а также рассмотрены риски девелоперского проекта. Во второй главе проведен анализ социологического исследования по выявлению портрета молодого потребителя на рынке недвижимости, рассмотрены государственные программы, связанные с предоставлением жилья молодому населению России и рассмотрены методы оценки социально-экономической эффективности строительства жилых комплексов для молодежи. В третьей главе производится анализ рынка недвижимости по реализуемому проекту, его экономическое обоснование и расчеты, связанные с оценкой эффективности реализации проекта. Магистерская диссертация содержит 72 страниц печатного текста, в диссертации представлены 24 рисунков, 10 таблиц, 10 формул и 6 приложения, список использованных источников включает 61 наименования. / Structure of master's thesis includes introduction, three chapters, conclusion, bibliography and applications. The first Chapter describes the methodology for assessing the effectiveness of development projects, the development potential of the real estate life-cycle, and also examined the risks of a development project. In the second Chapter the analysis of sociological research on revealing the portrait of a young consumer in the real estate market, are considered public programs related to the provision of housing for the young population of Russia and the methods for assessing socio-economic efficiency of construction of residential complexes for young people. The third Chapter is an analysis of the real estate market implemented by the project, its economic justification and calculations associated with the evaluation of the effectiveness of the project. Master thesis contains 72 pages of printed text in the thesis are 24 figures, 10 tables, 10 6 formulas and applications, the list of references includes 61 names.

The relationship between national culture and CSR has received increased attention over the past few decades. However, to date, the results of this relationship are inconclusive as they show positive, negative, and non-significant results. Moreover, the results are outdated as only the first four dimensions of the Hofstede framework have been researched thoroughly, while the two newest dimensions have received very little attention with regards to their relationship to CSR. The key objective of this study is to contribute to the debate by testing the influence of power distance, uncertainty avoidance, individualism, masculinity, long-term orientation, and indulgence on CSR. This is done by analyzing 215 companies from 23 different countries, which are on the Forbes 2000 list. Furthermore, the moderating role of state of development is assessed in this context, by using the distinction made in the MSCI ACWI Index. By conducting a moderated multiple regression analysis, mixed results were found on the influence of national culture on CSR, which could be ascribed to a difference in sample. Moreover, the influence of state of development was not significant in the main regression, however, it gave interesting opportunities for future research. The findings of this study thereby add to the body of knowledge on national culture, CSR, and state of development, and provide several theoretical and managerial implications.

This thesis is framed within the research area of Information and Communication Technologies for Development (ICT4D), which is concerned with how ICT can make a difference to the lives of the poor. This study focuses primarily on mobile phones and how they can be used as part of an Agriculture Market Information Service (AMIS) in order to provide crucial information to farmers in Bangladesh. AMIS principally collect, manage and disseminate agricultural market prices and related information through various processes and media. These services are mainly used by farmers. The research question of how mobile phone-based AMIS can be designed and deployed in order to improve opportunities for farmers in Bangladesh is investigated through a design science research approach in four steps; understanding the scope and challenges related to AMIS in least developed countries; diagnosing the situational realities of farmers of Bangladesh; understanding the process of adopting mobile phones and investigating market information practices and preferences in a rural context; and finally designing and implementing a mobile phone based AMIS and evaluating the efficiency and effectiveness of it for the farmers of Bangladesh. In this thesis, development is viewed in terms of bringing about an in-crease in farmers’ capability set directed towards the utilization of resources for the purpose of production and trade. Information and knowledge are important drivers of development and poverty reduction: ICT can create new opportunities to expand the availability, exchange, and impact of information and knowledge. This thesis contributes to ICT4D research and practice through empirical findings, the design of an AMIS, test results, and the development of analytical tools. Its major contributions include an increased understanding of farmers’ attitudes and preferences towards the use of technology in general, and mobile phones in particular, and a broader understanding of ICT for human development in the context of poor rural regions. / Informatics or ICT4D

Rapporterade naturkatastrofer har ökat markant under senare år, likt totala kostnader som följer. Utländska direktinvesteringar har ökat parallellt och är en viktig variabel för återhämtning efter en katastrof, särskilt för utvecklingsländer. Naturkatastrofer utgör en risk för utländska direktinvesteringar varför syftet med uppsatsen är att analysera naturkatastrofers inverkan på inflödet av utländska direktinvesteringar. För att besvara uppsatsens syfte analyseras om direktinvesteringar i utvecklade och utvecklingsländer påverkas olika av naturkatastrofer samt hur olika typer av naturkatastrofer påverkar direktinvesteringar. Få publikationer finns att tillgå inom ämnet, varför uppsatsen fyller en kunskapslucka. Uppsatsen använder ett balanserat paneldataset med 1632 observationer över tidsperioden 1980 - 2011. Fixed Effect Model tillämpas och resultaten visar att naturkatastrofer har en negativ inverkan på inflödet av utländska direktinvesteringar på både kort och lång sikt. Effekten är mer negativ på lång sikt vilket stärker bilden av att direktinvesteringar är långsiktiga. Stormar är den typ av naturkatastrof, framför översvämningar, som är tydligast bunden till direktinvesteringar. Jordbävningar visar ingen signifikans. Naturkatastrofer påverkar utländska direktinvesteringar i utvecklade länder marginellt mer än i utvecklingsländer. Den ekonomiska tillväxten är enbart signifikant för utvecklingsländer som uppvisar en positiv signifikant för alla studerade tidshorisonter. För utvecklade och utvecklingsländer har stormar och översvämningar ett negativ samband med direktinvesteringar. Jordbävningar uppvisar en positiv signifikans på 1 års sikt för utvecklade länder, men ingen signifikans för utvecklingsländer.Nyckelord: Utländska / The reporting of natural disasters has increased significantly during the last century. Likewise has the financial costs risen along with the natural disasters. Foreign direct investments (FDI) has increased during the same time period and is a key variable for economic recovery after a natural disaster, especially for developing countries. Natural disasters imposes risk for FDI, hence the purpose of this study is to analyze the impact natural disasters has on FDI. This study investigate if there are differences in how developed and developing countries cope with natural disasters and how different types of natural disasters affects FDI in different ways. The study uses a 1632 observation panel data set covering the time period 1980 to 2011. The regression model applied is Fixed Effect Model. The results show that natural disasters significantly impact FDI negatively, both in the short and long-run. The marginal effect in the long-run are shown to be more negative than in the short-run, establishing that FDI are long term investments. The type of natural disaster, closest connected to FDI are storms. The impact from natural disaster on developed countries is marginally more notable than the impact on developing countries. Economic Growth, as a regressor, is only shown to be significant for developing countries. For developed and developing countries storms and floods are negatively connected to FDI. In developed countries earthquakes have a positive connection to FDI in a one year period.