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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
191

Uma análise da utilização das políticas fiscal e monetária na estabilização macroeconômica

Firmato, Marcus 15 February 2018 (has links)
Submitted by Marcus Firmato (mefirmato@yahoo.com.br) on 2018-03-27T02:33:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MPE FGV Dissertacao Marcus Firmato VERSAO FINALEE.pdf: 1789212 bytes, checksum: df07f640df56386834f32376867cac67 (MD5) / Rejected by Thais Oliveira (thais.oliveira@fgv.br), reason: Prezado Marcus, boa noite! Por gentileza, retirar a numeração da página do "Sumário", pois só pode aparecer da "Introdução" em diante. É só alterar e submeter novamente. Qualquer dúvida, entre em contato. Atenciosamente, Thais Oliveira. on 2018-03-27T22:29:11Z (GMT) / Submitted by Marcus Firmato (mefirmato@yahoo.com.br) on 2018-04-02T20:14:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MPE FGV Dissertacao Marcus Firmato VERSAO FINALEE.pdf: 1789212 bytes, checksum: df07f640df56386834f32376867cac67 (MD5) / Rejected by Thais Oliveira (thais.oliveira@fgv.br), reason: Boa noite, Marcus! Para que possamos aprovar, há somente um detalhe que deve ser corrigido. A página do "Sumário" está numerada, e a numeração deve aparecer somente a partir da Introdução. Por gentileza, alterar e submeter novamente. No aguardo, obrigada. on 2018-04-04T23:49:40Z (GMT) / Submitted by Marcus Firmato (mefirmato@yahoo.com.br) on 2018-04-09T19:57:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MPE FGV Dissertacao Marcus Firmato.pdf: 1789138 bytes, checksum: 9bfbb018c4a0b5c7d2d2be8bada44a7a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Thais Oliveira (thais.oliveira@fgv.br) on 2018-04-09T19:59:24Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 MPE FGV Dissertacao Marcus Firmato.pdf: 1789138 bytes, checksum: 9bfbb018c4a0b5c7d2d2be8bada44a7a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Suzane Guimarães (suzane.guimaraes@fgv.br) on 2018-04-10T12:40:19Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 MPE FGV Dissertacao Marcus Firmato.pdf: 1789138 bytes, checksum: 9bfbb018c4a0b5c7d2d2be8bada44a7a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-10T12:40:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MPE FGV Dissertacao Marcus Firmato.pdf: 1789138 bytes, checksum: 9bfbb018c4a0b5c7d2d2be8bada44a7a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-15 / Este trabalho tem o intuito de avaliar o poder de estabilização das políticas fiscal e monetária, de um conjunto de países desenvolvidos e emergentes, a partir da utilização do resultado primário e do hiato de juros como proxies das políticas fiscal e monetária para estabilizar o hiato do produto. Testes foram realizados no sentido de identificar uma postura anticíclica ou procíclica das políticas fiscal e monetária do conjunto de países, eventual proeminência da estabilização de uma política em relação à outra, bem como comparar o poder de estabilização entre os dois grupos de países. Na medida em que variáveis institucionais, como o grau de transparência do Banco Central e o grau de transparência fiscal, são capazes de influenciar variáveis macroeconômicas, foi também avaliado se a transparência do Banco Central e a transparência fiscal influenciariam negativamente a volatilidade do hiato do produto e da inflação, contribuindo, consequentemente, com a estabilização monetária e fiscal. / This paper has the purpose of gauging fiscal and monetary stabilization policies of a specific set of developed and developing countries using the overall budget balance and the real interest rate gap as proxies of fiscal and monetary policies to stabilize the output gap. Tests were carried out to identify a prevailing stabilization or procyclical policy stance of the relevant set of countries, a potential prominence of one stabilization policy over the other, and also to compare the output stabilization effect between developed and developing countries. Since institutional factors, such as Central Bank transparency and fiscal transparency levels, can influence macroeconomic variables, it was also assessed if the Central Bank transparency and the fiscal transparency would have a negative impact on the output gap and inflation volatilities contributing, as a result, to the overall monetary and fiscal stabilization.
192

A critical appraisal of sovereign credit ratings in emerging markets

William, Glen 09 1900 (has links)
Despite the meaningful impact that credit ratings have on sovereign countries and financial markets, research has not fully explored the determinants of these ratings in many emerging markets (EMs). The aim of this study was to identify and quantify the extent to which different macroeconomic factors impact sovereign ratings. Based on a review of the literature, an analysis of rating agencies' methodology papers, and economic intuition, it was hypothesised that measures of wealth, economic growth, monetary stability, fiscal trajectory, external accounts and governance would predict EM credit ratings. This hypothesis was largely supported by regression models that anticipated actual ratings with predictive power comparable to extant research, but across a much broader set of EM countries. By identifying the key drivers of these ratings, the current research suggests several areas that policymakers can address to improve their own sovereign ratings. / Economics / M. Com (Economics)
193

Os regimes jurídicos de proteção ao investimento estrangeiro direto : o papel desempenhado pelos países emergentes

Lerner, Diego Fraga January 2009 (has links)
O presente trabalho trata do sistema internacional de proteção ao investimento estrangeiro direto e do atual papel desempenhado pelos países emergentes em sua sistematização. Para tanto, faz uma abordagem histórica do tema da proteção ao investimento estrangeiro desde a década de quarenta até os dias atuais. Ressaltam-se as divergências históricas de entendimento mantidas entre países desenvolvidos (usualmente exportadores de capital) e países em desenvolvimento (historicamente importadores de capital) no que pertine ao nível de proteção que deve ser garantido ao investidor estrangeiro. Após, faz uma análise dos instrumentos internacionais de proteção ao investimento estrangeiro construídos especialmente durante as décadas de setenta e noventa e demonstra que o conteúdo desses instrumentos baseou-se na supremacia do entendimento dos países desenvolvidos. Em momento posterior, analisa o surgimento dos países emergentes como nações exportadoras de capital a partir da década de noventa e como esses países estão conciliando, por meio da assinatura de tratados bilaterais de investimento, a intenção de manter a soberania sobre seus assuntos internos e o interesse de proteger seus investidores no exterior. Por fim, retrata a tradicional posição brasileira com relação ao investimento estrangeiro direto e apresenta alguns contributos para futuras reflexões, baseados especialmente na atual postura adotada por outros países emergentes no que diz respeito à assinatura de tratados bilaterais de investimento. / This paper deals with the international law on foreign direct investment and the current role played by emerging market countries on this matter. In this sense, it presents a historical approach on the protection of foreign investment from the 1940’s onwards. It focuses on the historical disagreements between developed countries (usually capital-exporting countries) and developing countries (historically capitalimporting countries) in what regards the level of protection that must be accorded to a foreign investor. Moreover, it discusses the international instruments for the protection of foreign investment designed between the 1970s and the 1990s and demonstrates that the content of such instruments is based primarily on the developed countries’ understanding of the issue. Furthermore, it analyses the rise of emerging market countries as capital exporting countries since the 1990s and how they are reconciling the will to keep their sovereignty over internal affairs and the willingness to protect their investors abroad through bilateral investment treaties. Finally, it discusses the traditional view held by Brazil on the protection of foreign direct investment and presents some contributions for further research on this issue, with an emphasis on other emerging market countries current attitude towards the signing of bilateral investment treaties.
194

Secondary succession toward woodland - Changes in the herb layer species composition / Secondary succession toward woodland - Changes in the herb layer species composition

DOSTÁLOVÁ, Alena January 2010 (has links)
This dissertation focus on spontaneously developed forests (SDFs) on mesic stands. The present tree layer was described and the possible changes in the tree layer was estimated. Influence of site- and context-dependent factors on the species composition and general character of the herb layer was studied in detail. An experiment was established to study seed and safe-site limitation of nine forest herb species.
195

Gastos do governo e consumo privado: uma abordagem de correção de erros em painel / Government Spending and Private Consumption: A Panel Error Correction Approach

Gian Paulo Soave 06 December 2012 (has links)
Contribuições recentes em teoria econômica têm sugerido que os efeitos do gasto do governo sobre o consumo privado dependem da interação entre agentes otimizadores e não-otimizadores, dada a restrição de liquidez dos últimos. Este trabalho analisa empiricamente tal hipótese estimando modelos de correção de erros em painel uniequacionais (P-ECM) e multiequacionais (P-VECM) para um painel com 48 países, assumindo uma estrutura de dependência de corte transversal e utilizando alguns dos mais recentes procedimentos de cointegração em painel. Sob a hipótese de que em países em desenvolvimento existe uma maior fração de agentes não-otimizadores (restritos ao crédito), analisa-se a existência de efeitos distintos entre países desenvolvidos e em desenvolvimento. Os resultados indicam que o gasto do governo crowds in o consumo privado agregado no longo prazo, sugerindo que o gasto do governo e o consumo privado podem ser descritos como bens complementares, e que os efeitos são duas vezes maiores nos países em desenvolvimento relativamente aos desenvolvidos, dando suporte às hipóteses testadas. / Recent contributions in economic theory have proposed that the observed effects of government spending on private consumption depend on the interaction between optimizing and non-optimizing agents, i.e., those who are liquidity constrained. This dissertation empirically analyzes this hypothesis by estimating panel error-correction models both uniequational (P-ECM) and multiequational (P-VECM) in a panel of 48 countries, assuming cross-sectional dependence structure and applying some of most recently developed methodologies on panel cointegration. Under the hypothesis that developing countries have a higher fraction of non-optimizing agents (with credit constraints), the dissertation analizes the existence of different effects on developed and developing countries. The results show that government spending crowds in private consumption in the long run, suggesting that government spending and private consumption can be described as complementary goods, and that the effects are two times as larger in developing countries as in developed ones, supporting the tested hypothesis.
196

Os regimes jurídicos de proteção ao investimento estrangeiro direto : o papel desempenhado pelos países emergentes

Lerner, Diego Fraga January 2009 (has links)
O presente trabalho trata do sistema internacional de proteção ao investimento estrangeiro direto e do atual papel desempenhado pelos países emergentes em sua sistematização. Para tanto, faz uma abordagem histórica do tema da proteção ao investimento estrangeiro desde a década de quarenta até os dias atuais. Ressaltam-se as divergências históricas de entendimento mantidas entre países desenvolvidos (usualmente exportadores de capital) e países em desenvolvimento (historicamente importadores de capital) no que pertine ao nível de proteção que deve ser garantido ao investidor estrangeiro. Após, faz uma análise dos instrumentos internacionais de proteção ao investimento estrangeiro construídos especialmente durante as décadas de setenta e noventa e demonstra que o conteúdo desses instrumentos baseou-se na supremacia do entendimento dos países desenvolvidos. Em momento posterior, analisa o surgimento dos países emergentes como nações exportadoras de capital a partir da década de noventa e como esses países estão conciliando, por meio da assinatura de tratados bilaterais de investimento, a intenção de manter a soberania sobre seus assuntos internos e o interesse de proteger seus investidores no exterior. Por fim, retrata a tradicional posição brasileira com relação ao investimento estrangeiro direto e apresenta alguns contributos para futuras reflexões, baseados especialmente na atual postura adotada por outros países emergentes no que diz respeito à assinatura de tratados bilaterais de investimento. / This paper deals with the international law on foreign direct investment and the current role played by emerging market countries on this matter. In this sense, it presents a historical approach on the protection of foreign investment from the 1940’s onwards. It focuses on the historical disagreements between developed countries (usually capital-exporting countries) and developing countries (historically capitalimporting countries) in what regards the level of protection that must be accorded to a foreign investor. Moreover, it discusses the international instruments for the protection of foreign investment designed between the 1970s and the 1990s and demonstrates that the content of such instruments is based primarily on the developed countries’ understanding of the issue. Furthermore, it analyses the rise of emerging market countries as capital exporting countries since the 1990s and how they are reconciling the will to keep their sovereignty over internal affairs and the willingness to protect their investors abroad through bilateral investment treaties. Finally, it discusses the traditional view held by Brazil on the protection of foreign direct investment and presents some contributions for further research on this issue, with an emphasis on other emerging market countries current attitude towards the signing of bilateral investment treaties.
197

Can a multilateral agreement on investment reduce double tax treaty abuse in developing countries?

Jantjies, Dumisani Joseph January 2017 (has links)
Magister Philosophiae - MPhil / Over the years, the world economy has experienced growth in foreign direct investments (FDI), with the role of developing countries becoming more evident as both recipients and investors alike. The proliferation of international investment has also led to more bilateral investment treaties (BITs) with their complex and often duplicated rules. The increase in BITs of this complex nature has thus resuscitated a less publicly debated course, although recently discussed within the United Nations Conference for Trade and Development (UNCTAD), is there need for multilateral agreement on investment (MAI), hosted within the multilateral institution(s)? Since the late 1990s, the discussion as to whether international investments require the MAI has been characterised by diverging interests of developed and developing countries, with neither willing to concede. Even in the immediate post-War II period, this standoff between developed and developing countries has dominated a discourse on whether there is a need for an international agreement on international investment. Yet developing countries, or African countries classified as least developing, continue to be left out of MAI discussions. For example, the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) 1990's proposed plurilateral agreement excluded African countries.
198

Leis de escala e análise do fenômeno de intermitência em turbulência bem desenvolvida / Scaling laws and analysis of the intermittency phenomenon inwell-developed turbulence

Welter, Guilherme Sausen 15 October 2010 (has links)
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / This study presents a review of the statistical theory for the inertial range of welldeveloped turbulent flows. The main focus of the study is on the experimental estimation of the so called intermittency exponent through recently developed statistical methods and its possible dependence on large scale mechanisms. The analysis employed allows to observe that even in very high Reynolds number, as those occurring in atmospheric boundary layer flows, clear scaling laws (power laws) are never observed in the inertial range. Comparing the non-scaling invariant models proposed in the literature, it is observed that the logarithmic scaling (SREENIVASAN; BERSHADSKII, 2006b) is suitable for all turbulence scenarios analyzed. Likewise, the classic isotropicincompressibility relation S⊥ 2 (r)/Sk 2(r), which relates longitudinal and transversal second rank tensors (structure functions), it is not constant but slightly dependent on the scale r in the inertial range. A recently developedmethodology for estimation of the intermittency coefficient (BASU et al., 2007) was modified according to the logarithmic scaling model in order to include the non-scaling invariance behavior. The new methodology allows obtaining more accurate estimations of the intermittency coefficient, even for short and noisy time series, as typically observed in sonic anemometry. The efficiency of the method is assessed by analysis of synthetic multifractal series and compared to wavelet-based multifractal formalism. Finally, the proposed methodology is applied to an atmospheric surface layer dataset and the variability of the estimations are assessed by employing a multifractal bootstrap method (PALU , 2008). Intermittency coefficients for velocity components and temperature are found to present large variability but no clear dependence on stability condition. It suggests that atmospheric stability does not directly affect the small-scale intermittency, therefore, other mechanisms may be responsible for the large variability found in the estimations. / O presente estudo apresenta uma revisão da teoria estatística aplicada ao intervalo inercial de um escoamento turbulento bem desenvolvido. A investigação principal é centrada nas estimativas experimentais do chamado coeficiente de intermitência através de métodos estatísticos recentemente desenvolvidos e sua possível dependência nos mecanismos de grande escalas. A análise empregada permite observar que mesmo em escoamentos com número de Reynolds muito alto, como em camadas limite atmosféricas, não são observadas leis de escalas (leis de potência) no intervalo inercial de turbulência. Considerando-se as proposições de modelos não invariantes de escala sugeridos na literatura e empregando-se dados turbulentos tanto de túnel de vento como de camada limite atmosférica, verifica-se que a lei de escala tipo logarítmica (SREENIVASAN; BERSHADSKII, 2006b) descreve adequadamente o intervalo inercial em todos os cenários de turbulência analisados. Da mesma forma, a relação de isotropia e incompressibilidade clássica S⊥ 2 (r)/Sk 2(r), a qual relaciona tensores de segunda ordem (funções estrutura) longitudinais e transversais, não é constante e sim levemente dependente em r no intervalos inercial. Se observa que uma expressão baseada na lei de escala logarítmica descreve razoavelmente bem esta dependência em r. Uma metodologia de estimativa do coeficiente de intermitência recentemente desenvolvida (BASU et al., 2007) foi modificada para incluir o efeito de não invariância de escala de acordo com o modelo de lei de escala logarítmica. Esta nova metodologia permite se obter estimativas mais precisas de parâmetros de intermitência mesmo em séries de dados curtas e ruidosas, como as tipicamente obtidas por anemometria sônica na camada limite atmosférica. A eficiência do método é testada em séries multifractais sintéticas e comparada com resultados obtidos através de um formalismo multifractal baseado em ondaletas. Finalmente, dados de camada limite atmosférica superficial são analisados através da metodologia sugerida e variabilidade das estimativas são avaliadas com o emprego de uma ferramenta de reamostragem multifractal (PALU , 2008). Os parâmetros de intermitência para as três componentes de velocidade e temperatura apresentaram grande variabilidade em relação ao parâmetro de estabilidade atmosférica, entretanto não foi observado um padrão de dependência definido. Isto sugere que a estabilidade atmosférica não tem um papel significativo nas estatísticas do intervalo inercial, assim outros mecanismos devem ser os responsáveis pela grande variabilidade das estimativas.
199

Small economies and their development in the Multilateral Trade System: correlation between economic and political environment and trade performance of small economies

Thierry, Galani Tiemeni January 2007 (has links)
Magister Legum - LLM / At the heart of this study is the topic of small economies in the Multilateral Trade System (MTS). The study examines the World Trade Organisation’s (WTO) legal framework and policy objectives in order to develop a comprehensive definition of small economies as a group of WTO members with specific needs. Particular attention is given to the determination of the specific characteristics of small economies, as well as the issues and constraints they are facing in the MTS. The study explores solutions proposed in order to tackle the constraints to the effective integration of small economies in the MTS, with specific reference to the policy reasoning of small economies. More importantly, the study explores the impact of the size factor, which is certainly not only a burden on the growth and development perspectives of the considered entity, but which may also become an advantage and promotes the trade performance of a small economy. Hypotheses are then made relating to the relevance of the economic and political environments in the determination of a successful (or not) integration, and participation, of a small economy in the MTS. A crucial argument developed is that the differences observed between countries sharing similar characteristics of smallness, vulnerability and remoteness/landlockedness, illustrates the fact that what ultimately matters is the interplay of factors related to the economic and political environments, the effect of which is to promote or constrain (depending on the case) successful integration of the small economy in the MTS. / South Africa
200

Special and differential treatment for trade in agriculture: does it answer the quest for development in African countries?

Mulleta, Fantu Farris January 2009 (has links)
Magister Legum - LLM / The research paper seeks to investigate the possible ways in which African countries can maximise their benefit from the existing special and differential treatment clauses for trade in agriculture, and, then, make recommendations as to what should be the potential bargaining position of African countries with regard to future trade negotiations on agricultural trade. / South Africa

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