由於產業競爭加劇、工作變動速度提升，專案已經成為企業工作常態方式，我國電子電機產業自經營代工業務開始，將每一張代工訂單視為企業內部的一個生產製造專案，而轉型經營自有品牌OBM業務後，不同於過去專注生產製造階段的專案工作，品牌產品專案的執行必須包括整體產品生命週期，從產品定義、規格設計、生產製造、市場銷售到顧客回應，產品專案流程涵蓋各式獨立的專案工作，隨著高度互動的專案工作成為常態，管理多個專案工作之間的互動合作、溝通協調，以及累積各個專案執行的經驗，成為組織專案管理及知識管理領域中越來越重要的工作，本研究欲了解在企業專案工作環境下，各獨立專案工作為完成創造單一品牌產品目的，專案彼此之間的互動合作，從產品專案的開發流程、專案分工溝通互動、專案團隊組織三方面，深入瞭解自有品牌產品團隊的跨專案工作互動與產品知識管理。 跳脫過往專注單一專案關鍵成功因素討論的專案管理研究，本研究針對目前企業多專案互動的常態工作環境，以動態角度綜觀探討多個專案之間的互動溝通；同時將過往知識管理文獻多以組織整體為主的角度，進一步深入專案執行階段的角度；本研究也不同於過往宏觀角度討論代工業務及自有品牌企業經營策略之研究，以微觀角度詳細描述品牌產品專案之開發流程，挑選Acer、ASUS、MIO、HTC四家台灣經營自有品牌消費性電子產品績優企業，討論Acer液晶顯示器、ASUS主機板、ASUS筆記型電腦、ASUS智慧型手機、MIO導航產品及HTC智慧型手機六個自有品牌產品個案，以「產品開發專案流程」與「跨專案知識管理程序」兩個程序構面，訪談九位帶領產品專案團隊的產品專案經理，透過實際的第一手經驗資料 ，詳細撰寫產品專案開發流程，從產品定義、規格設計、生產製造、市場銷售到顧客回應各階段之整體開發，深入分析產品專案中涵蓋的各個獨立專案工作彼此之間的分工溝通互動、專案團隊組織、專案經理工作，並探討個案產品開發與市場的互動，以及跨專案的知識管理，從市場趨勢及顧客回饋兩方面檢視自有品牌產品在技術面及行銷面的知識吸收。 研究發現產品專案開發流程包括產品定義、生產協調、市場回饋三大階段，由不同專案團隊專職各個階段，其中產品開發團隊與研發生產團隊之間的專案分工溝通互動，具有一致性的緊密互動 ；專案團隊組織方面則發現，產品專案團隊日常主要以輕量型團隊執行衍生性產品專案，而進行新創產品時，則以重量型團隊搭配平台性產品專案執行。本研究以衍生性產品專案/平台性產品之專案分類方式，發現產品專案在執行上的不同特性，對專案管理體制有許多影響，如越常執行平台性產品專案的品牌產品，與市場團隊之間的合作連結越緊密，也越重視區域行銷單位的市場回應知識與內部研發團隊的市場技術知識。 研究發現自有品牌與OEM/ODM專案流程一樣相當注重產品生產、研發製造階段，而產品經理工作多在維護與商業夥伴供應商、經銷商的關係，很少接觸消費者及產品市場面，這對大部分執行衍生性專案產品的品牌產品而言，是相當有效率的工作方式，然而，對較常執行平台性專案的品牌產品專案，產品定義必須符合市場需求，產品經理鮮少接觸消費者及產品市場面，對產品的創造發展有極大的阻礙。因此本研究建議將產品的創新程度、銷售結果、市場顧客回應與產品經理的工作績效連結，提升開發創新產品的動機與勇氣，同時徹底發揮功能性組織的力量，強化產品開發專案各階段的專業性，使各階段獨立的專案工作更緊密地互動，整合創造新產品，把顧客當成參與產品創新的夥伴，加入市場聲音，把內部測試回饋當成市場反應的領先指標，建立創新意見回饋系統平台，儲存各式礙於組織架構、專案團隊等因素無法實現的新創想法，累積組織創新能量。 本研究提出以產品家族的角度經營品牌產品專案的結論，依據產品特性規劃產品系列，讓產品經理自產品開發階段就了解產品上下代的關係、清楚產品專案代表的企業市場意義、上一代產品在市場上最受喜愛及最被詬病的特點，以及認識執行上一代產品的PM，使產品經理之間的合作更有一致性與歸屬感，藉由自有品牌產品專案團隊跨專案的互動，更積極頻繁地針對產品經營討論溝通，以經營自有品牌產品、開創新產品、強化品牌印象、開創市場佔有率為主要工作目標。使產品經理充滿經營產品的熱誠、具有執行品牌產品開發的使命感；使大量多元的產品有系統的依據各不同規格、功能、設計，以產品家族方式統整呈現於企業品牌下，使各產品特色不受混淆地在同一品牌中發展茁壯，既突顯產品獨特性，也加強品牌印象，是創造領導品牌最重要的根基。 / As the business environment goes more challenging, all the organization functional projects in different stages need to start its work earlier than the product process. All the functional projects in different stages of the product process seem need to work almost at the same time to deal with the shorter product lifecycle. Managing through projects has become a standard way of doing business and now can be seen from an integral part of many organization’s business strategies. As Taiwanese electronic product companies transformed the critical RD and manufacturing knowledge which is from the project-based OEM/ODM business experience for decades to OBM business managing, the OBM Product Project covers all the product lifecycle and has wider working process than an OEM/ODM Project. The OBM Product Project creates product by several independent projects of different RD functional areas, which led by different team leaders, processing through all the stages of the product cycle. Without well interactions among the independent projects during an OBM Product Project’s lifecycle, once the knowledge assets lost between the projects working process connection, final product of the OBM Product Project can be fail or totally not match up the original product design. So how do the best Taiwanese electronic brand products make it? In this research you will find out what the real OBM Product Project working process is of the famous brand products as Acer, ASUS, MIO and HTC. How the independent projects communicate with upstream and downstream team to make the OBM Product Project successful. Also reveal the real working detail of all kinds of project leader in project team organization under different company organization. The structure of this research for cases writing and analyzing structure is following the New Product Project process and the Sequence of Knowledge Management process as the working process sequence to discuss the communication between project leaders and the interactions between the independent projects of the Product Project steps by Four Mode of Upstream-Downstream Interaction . The case materials is interviewed from 11 Product/Project Managers, also analyzed numerous second materials from magazines, reports, conferences and so on, working on revealing the real working process form all the independent projects of the OBM Product Project.

This thesis deals with the issue of speech therapy for children of early school age with the cochlear implant. General knowledge about hearing impairment and the possibility of compensation, different types of cochlear implants and especially about the specifics and methodology of following speech therapy are summarized in the theoretical part of the thesis. The practical part consists of research, realized through questionnaires. The research deals with the current situation of speech therapy for children of early school age with a cochlear implant, with a special focus on post-implantation rehabilitation and its complexity. The result of the research demonstrates the complexity of speech therapy only in some speech therapy workplaces. The result of the research also demonstrates that speech therapy is highly individual and depends completely on specific situation and personality and communication skills of each child with a cochlear implant. KEYWORDS Hearing impairment, cochlear implant, cochlear implantation, child with a cochlear implant, early school age, rehabilitation, hearing and speech developement, speech therapy.

Cette recherche part du constat d'un dysfonctionnement de l'aide au développement et à la conservation. Depuis les années 1980 et malgré la succession des stratégies de l'aide, les résultats restent souvent insatisfaisants, médiocres, voire contraires aux effets recherchés. Pour comprendre ce phénomène, nous partons d'un territoire forestier, Amindrabe, situé au Centre-Est de Madagascar. En nous focalisant sur ce territoire, ses habitants et les programmes d'aide qui le ciblent, nous prenons progressivement conscience des logiques sous-jacentes à ce système global du développement : qu'est-ce qui s'y passe concrètement ? Comment est-ce organisé ? Pourquoi ces dynamiques se poursuivent-elles malgré des effets décevants ? La singularité de notre proposition est de nous détacher de la littérature surplombante pour partir du perçu et du vécu des habitants et des porteurs des programmes. Cette analyse empirique et qualitative amène à poser un regard critique sur les croyances fondatrices des stratégies de l'aide. Nous mettons en lumière une organisation hiérarchisée et compartimentée en différentes sphères déconnectées entre elles et déconnectées de la réalité locale. Les croyances, illusions et intérêts de chacun participent à renforcer l'incompréhension entre sphères et à détourner les actions des objectifs initiaux, par un processus qui se répète. En décortiquant un système d'acteur particulier, ses mondes et ses dynamiques du local au global, nous invitons le lecteur à un plongeon au-delà de ces incompréhensions. / This research is based on the observation of a dysfunction in aid for development and conservation. Since the 1980s and despite the succession of aid strategies, the results are often unsatisfactory, mediocre or even contrary to the desired effects. To understand this phenomenon, we begin in a forest territory, Amindrabe, located in the Central-East of Madagascar. By focusing on this territory, its inhabitants and the aid programs that target it, we gradually become aware of the underlying logic of this global development system: what is actually happening there? How is it organized? Why do these dynamics go on despite disappointing effects? The singularity of our proposal is to detach ourselves from the overhanging literature to start with the perceived experiences of the inhabitants and the bearers of the programs. This empirical and qualitative analysis leads us to take a critical look at the founding beliefs of aid strategies. We highlight a hierarchical and compartmentalized organization in different spheres: disconnected from each other and disconnected from the local reality. The beliefs, illusions and interests of each actor contribute to reinforce the incomprehension between spheres and to divert the actions from the initial objectives by a process that repeats itself. By anatomizing a particular actor system, its worlds and its dynamics from local to global, we invite the reader to a dive beyond these incomprehensions.

The diploma thesis deals with the educational influence of the subject of creative drama on psychosocial development of pupils with special learning difficulties (SLD) on 1st grade of Waldorf school. The work is focused mainly on the development of communication skills, respecting the boundaries, instructions and cooperation in the classroom using methods and techniques of drama education with pupils with SLD in 2nd half of 2nd grade and 1st half of 3rd class. The theoretical part defines the four basic parts of this diploma thesis psychosocial development of children of younger school age, special learning difficulties (SLD), accompanying phenomena and their influence on the psychosocial development of the child, characteristics of Waldorf school, methods and techniques of drama education. The practical part deals with the development of communication, cooperation, observance of rules, understanding of the topic and the ability of its interpretation of individuals and the whole group in the lessons of creative drama. In the lessons, we experienced key themes of the Waldorf School. The whole process is recorded and evaluated using record sheets from each lesson.

The Participatory Irrigation Management approach was introduced into Cambodia in 2000, which was called the Participatory Irrigation Management and Development (PIMD). The goal of PIMD is to establish Farmer Water User Communities (FWUCs) to take over the management of irrigation schemes in their district in order to improve the performance of irrigation schemes and farmers’ livelihoods. The implementation of FWUCs has resulted in both failure and success. Several studies have identified factors that influence the failure of FWUCs, but little research has focused on their success. By employing a single embedded case study approach, this research selected the most successful scheme in Cambodia to identify factors that influenced the success of the FWUC in irrigation management. The findings of this research could provide concrete assistance to the government, donors, and non-governmental organisations in improving the performance of less successful FWUCs in Cambodia. The result of this research showed that the success of the O-treing FWUC was influenced by five internal and two external factors. The internal factors were: 1) the level of local participation, 2) the governance and management of the scheme, 3) the value of the benefits that flow from the irrigation scheme, 4) the quality of the irrigation infrastructure, and 5) the characteristics of the farmer members within the scheme. The external factors were: 1) the level of external support provided to the scheme, and 2) market access. The success of the FWUC required farmer participation and this participation was enhanced when farmers obtained benefits from it. This research also found that access to markets was critical to make the benefits that flowed from the irrigation scheme more profitable to farmers, leading to farmer participation. Similarly, it was also important to make sure that the irrigation infrastructure was of a high quality to ensure the delivery of an adequate and timely supply of water to farmers so that they could grow crops that provided them with the benefits. This required external support from the Ministry of Water Resources and Meteorology, NGOs, and local authorities to help rehabilitate the scheme. External support was also critical for enhancing the governance and management of the scheme through assistance with the formation process, provision of financial resources, capacity building, rule enforcement, and conflict resolution. The governance and management of the scheme, in particular the leadership capacity of the FWUC was another critical factor because it ensured the maintenance and development of the irrigation infrastructure, the timely and adequate supply of water to farmers, farmers’ trust and respect for leaders, and farmer participation. Finally, the success of the FWUC could not be viewed independently from farmer characteristics within the scheme. Farmers tended to participate in irrigation management when they had a history of self-organisation, when they were relatively homogenous, and when they were dependent upon farming for their livelihoods. This research suggests that the successful implementation of FWUCs requires a focus on the seven factors and the interactions that occur between these factors. Irrigation stakeholders such as the Ministry of Water Resources and Meteorology, donors, NGOs, local authorities, local leaders, and farmers should work together to enhance these factors in order to ensure the success of FWUCs.

Dans cette recherche, j’essaie de comprendre quelle est l’empreinte socioculturelle du processus d’appropriation des technologies de l’information et de la communication (TIC), particulièrement du téléphone portable, par des agriculteurs de la Boucle du Mouhoun, au Burkina Faso. Privilégiant une approche socioculturelle et ayant comme hypothèse principale l’existence d’influences réciproques entre le processus de construction des usages des TIC et l’organisation socioculturelle des communautés locales, cette recherche explore les transformations des rapports de pouvoir, l’évolution des identités et des formes de communication au sein de ces communautés en lien avec l’usage des TIC. Les sources théoriques principales sont l’ethnométhodologie et la sociologie des associations ; je fais aussi référence à la sociologie des usages et à l’ethnologie des techniques. Fondée sur un travail empirique, ma réflexion est nourrie par des entretiens concernant des initiatives d’application des TIC au développement rural en Inde et en Afrique de l’Ouest, et, surtout, par un séjour de terrain de six mois au Burkina Faso. La méthode adoptée oriente les efforts de recherche vers la compréhension des réalités locales, en opposition à leur interprétation à partir de modèles extérieurs, d’où l’importance attribuée aux protocoles de réflexivité et de décentration. Au-delà d’orientations concrètes sur l’appropriation socioculturelle des TIC, l’apport le plus important de ma recherche est méthodologique. Je propose des stratégies d’approximations successives de la réalité spécifique à un terrain donné, particulièrement adaptées au cas de chercheurs étrangers à leur contexte d’étude. / In this research I try to understand the social and cultural imprint of the appropriation processes of information and communication technologies (ICT), particularly mobile phones, by farmers from the Boucle du Mouhoun region, in Burkina Faso. The main research hypothesis is the existence of reciprocal influences between the construction process of ICT uses and the social and cultural organization of local communities. With a social and cultural approach, this research explores changes in power relations, identities and forms of communication within these communities in relation to the use of ICT. The reasoning is supported by theoretical and empirical sources. On the one hand, I refer to the Sociology of uses, to the Ethnology of techniques, but mainly to the Ethnomethodology’s program and to the Actor network theory. On the other hand, I rely on visits to projects applying ICT for rural development in India and West Africa, and most importantly, on a six-month long fieldwork in Burkina Faso. The methodology adopted orientates research efforts towards understanding local realities instead of representing them with external patterns, hence reinforcing the importance attributed to reflexivity and decentring. Beyond practical conclusions on the social and cultural appropriation of ICT, the most important contribution of my research is methodological. I propose strategies to understand a specific field reality by successive approximations, particularly suited when the researcher is a foreigner to the context of the research.

This study examines two urban renewal projects in Saskatoon (Canada) and Uppsala (Sweden). The central subject of inquiry is urban planning process and complex dilemmas of sustainable development. What is seen as “a sustainable city”? What are the concerns and conflicts, which planners have to face with? Which arguments are used to justify the planning decisions and how are these arguments constructed? The study proposes a three-step framework to compare sustainability interpretation processes in urban planning of the two cities: through identification of the ideas, which are associated with the concept of sustainability; through analysis of local objectives of sustainable development;  and, finally, through examination of actions, which are perceived as appropriate to achieve stated goals. Furthermore, the research examines conflicts of interests, values and scale occurring throughout planning process; and analyses arguments, which are used to justify need “to be sustainable” and choices of solutions for urban renewal projects. The arguments are categorised as rational or normative depending on the type of reference planners use to construct them. The study reveals obvious differences in the interpretation of the sustainability concept in Uppsala and Saskatoon: with reliance on normative considerations in one case and rational ones in another. It also shows, that arguments working well for one type of conflict, do not help in resolving conflict of another type; and that Swedish and Canadian planners, facing pretty close challenges, choose different strategies to respond to them.

5 Abstract This diploma thesis is focused on the development of lifelong education of general nurses in the Czech Republic. The duty of lifelong education and its control has been introduced with the admission of the Czech Republic into the European Union. However, the development timeline is possible to follow until the period after the Second World War. The theoretical part describes the term of non-medical occupations, nursing and the roles of general nurses. Within the concept of lifelong education and learning is pursued European development line, as well as its influence in the Czech Republic. There is also a track of professionalism within the nursing occupation, which enables general nurses to take over more responsibilities and this led to the requirement of higher education. The empirical part of the text is dedicated to the analysis of the questionnaire of my own construction, which examined rapport of lifelong learning principles by general nurses. These principles were chosen on the base of nursing strategies which were acquired by the Czech Republic. The interest of the research was to compare two groups of general nurses. The first was represented by nurses educated before adopting the law no. 96/2004, and the second group included nurses with tertiary education level. Key words: general...

This thesis focuses on personal development. Describes the elements of personal development in terms of psychological, social and moral. It includes communication, assertivity and comprehensively defines the issue of the role of coaching in personal development. In the practical part of this thesis are described in details issues of personal development in the company OVB Allfinanz, a.s. The analysis is conducted by questionnaire survey. It contains results and a proposal for improving the state of personal development within the company.

This diploma thesis aims to set a complex view on the current process of multilateral trade agreements under the World Trade Organization and point out the direction of DOHA negotiations. The emphasis is put on the Tenth Ministerial Conference, which took place in Nairobi in December 2015. Stances and demands of the WTO member are analysed step by step. The thesis considers threats that possibly come from plurilateral, bilateral and regional agreements and evaluate a potential risk for the multilateral trading system. For this purpose, the thesis is divided into four chapters. First chapter examine theoretical introduction to WTO and particularly to Development Doha Agenda, which is important for subsequent understanding of actual issues. Second part analyses in detail the negotiations in main negotiating parts of DDA before and after a summer break. Following chapter fluently continues with analyse of the progress after summer break and points out some current questions about preparations for MC10 and expectations. Space is also given to the MC10 and its outcomes. Finally, the last chapter gives a thought to future scenarios concerning function of the WTO.