Les entreprises de promotion immobilière sont devenues depuis plusieurs années des acteurs importants de l’aménagement urbain. Elles s’orientent progressivement vers de nouveaux secteurs et enjeux de la production de la ville. Ainsi seraient-elles passées de leur métier d’origine à celui « d’opérateurs urbains ». Cette évolution se situe au croisement de l’exigence d’une compréhension des évolutions du marché de l’aménagement des villes, liée au retrait ou au changement de mode d’intervention des acteurs publics, et d’une rentabilité financière qui structure l’action de ces entreprises. Cela représente un changement de paradigme, pour certaines entreprises de promotion immobilière, dans leur façon de penser et d’appréhender la production la ville ainsi que dans leur positionnement au sein des organisations qui se structurent pour aménager les villes. Dans le champ de l'aménagement urbain, ce positionnement s’organise souvent au travers de la mobilisation des notions d’innovation et d’expérimentation. Cette mobilisation peut s’élaborer dans le cadre d’organisations spécifiques de l’action collective où les promoteurs immobiliers sont régulièrement présents. C’est le cas, par exemple, des consortiums publics-privés réunissant des acteurs institutionnels, des grands groupes internationaux de promotion immobilière, des startups et des experts, entre autres. Ces organisations qui sont elles-mêmes présentées comme novatrices s’organisent pour produire un ensemble de dispositifs dits innovants, qui vont du think-tank au projet urbain. Nous nous intéressons en particulier au projet urbain, car l’investissement des promoteurs immobiliers y est singulier : il s’articule de plus en plus couramment autour de la fonction de coordinateur du projet lors de ses différentes phases. Nous avons étudié des projets urbains présentés, par les promoteurs immobiliers, comme innovants en France dans la commune d’Issy-les-Moulineaux et au Mexique au sein de la délégation Miguel Hidalgo. Les façons dont l’innovation et l’expérimentation sont mobilisées, au sein de ces contextes, traduit des ambitions et des perspectives tout à fait différentes. À Issy-les-Moulineaux, le discours de la collectivité territoriale et des promoteurs immobiliers de l’écoquartier du Fort s’articule plutôt autour de la référence aux multiples variantes de la ville intelligente et des nouvelles technologies alors qu’à Miguel Hidalgo, il s’agit avec le projet Plaza Carso, d’un renouvellement de la rhétorique sécuritaire autour du concept, déjà bien connu, du « all included ». Ce que nous avons également pu observer, en France comme au Mexique, c’est que ces projets ont le plus souvent vocation à être positionnés sur le segment de marché du haut de gamme afin, entre autres, d’amortir les investissements qu’ils ont engendré. Ainsi, nous les identifions comme des « projets urbains de standing ». Il s’agit d’opérations qui, au travers de leurs ambitions, de leur médiatisation et des moyens financiers mobilisés par les acteurs du projet, se distinguent des autres modalités d’intervention sur le territoire. Nos questions de recherche reposent sur l’idée que les projets urbains de standing sont des analyseurs des transformations à l’œuvre dans la façon de concevoir et de gérer la ville, car ils reposent sur un investissement important des grandes entreprises de promotion immobilière, sur une évolution de leurs relations avec les responsables politiques locaux et, plus généralement, sur l’ambition de capter des comportements émergents et de commercialiser des produits innovants. On assiste à un processus qui relève en même temps d’un phénomène marketing et d’une évolution des enjeux et des normes de la production du projet urbain. Celui-ci, envisagé comme un laboratoire in vivo, participe, en France comme au Mexique, du développement d’un urbanisme dérogatoire dont l’une des finalités et de libérer l’action de certains opérateurs privés de l’aménagement urbain / Real-estate companies became important stake holders within the city planning process. They moved to new stakes and spaces of urban planning. We suggest that one of the reasons of these new challenges is that some big real-estate companies are focused the themes of innovation and experimentation and are more and more characterized by their involvement within the public – private organizations. This search for innovative proposals has led several organisational transformations within the mix of urban project stakeholder groups. The hegemonic tendency of the real-estate companies can be organized around several phases of urban projects: conception, construction, monitoring, management, etc. Its means that some real-estate companies are not only in charge of the construction phase of urban projects – like they use to be – because they also conquered new phases that participate to the elaboration and to the operational process of urban projects. This recent evolution is linked with strategic views, coming from these companies, on the way they think about urban planning and on the notion of quality of life. It represents, for this type of companies, a change of paradigm in the way of conceiving the production of urban space, but it also represents an evolution of the internal organization of public – private partnership. As several members of a French real-estate companies put it during our interviews, this change involves a new title: they evolve from real estate developers to “urban operators”. We saw, in our fieldwork, that it has led to various developments, such as: a change of temporal perspective, from short term commitment they move towards mid or long-term outlooks. Being “urban operators” also means that they have to be very cognisant about new lifestyles, new kinds of behaviours and needs, because it affects their marketing power. Thirdly, companies are sensitive and even greedy about information that concerns how people react to their proposals. This has led to several organizational transformations with, for instance, the emergence of new kinds of “research and development” areas, specific investments funds, contracts with social science researchers, etc. We studied two contexts in particular: flagship urban projects within the urban renovation process in France and in Mexico. With two cases: Plaza Carso in Mexico and the eco neighbourhood du Fort in Issy-les-Moulineaux near Paris. The ranking of flagships projects is a strong trigger for innovation. Plaza Carso and the Fort are characterized by a very strong involvement of real-estate companies that rebuilt the relationship with the local authorities. In both situations, real-estate companies had benefitted from legal specificities, and even legal liberalization in the Mexican case, to develop the project

As organizações encontram-se em um ambiente de acirrada e crescente concorrência, exigindo delas rapidez, flexibilidade e alta percepção. As decisões tomadas pelos administradores tornam-se mais importantes e freqüentes, devendo combinar velocidade e embasamento. Assim, a atuação destes profissionais, torna-se mais crítica e importante para o desempenho das organizações. Para atuarem satisfatoriamente neste contexto competitivo, os administradores necessitam ter disponível seu principal instrumento: a informação. Com este objetivo, muitos recursos são investidos em sistemas de informação, mas nem sempre os resultados esperados são alcançados. Este trabalho aborda a desconexão entre desenvolvedores e usuários de sistemas de informação, como problema nas organizações; investiga como esta desconexão afeta a obtenção de informação pelos decisores e apresenta formas de aproximação entre desenvolvedores e usuários, visando melhorias no uso de sistemas de informação. / Organizations meet in an environment of hard and growing competition, demanding from them, speed, flexibility and high perception. Decisions taken by the administrators become more frequent and important, and they should combine speed and foundation. Thus, these professionals' work, becomes more critic and important to the performance of organizations. In order to act satisfactorily in this competitive context, these administrators need to have available their main instrument: information. With this objective, many resources are invested in information systems, however, the expected results are not always reached. This work approaches the disconnection between developers and users of information systems, as a problem in organizations; it investigates how this disconnetion affects the obtainment of information by the decision makers and it presents approaching ways between developers and users, seeking improvements in the use of information systems.

A descentralização da gestão pública é uma estratégia para o desenvolvimento regional em busca de melhorias à sociedade. No entanto é na Constituição de 1988 que no Brasil são previstas várias práticas de políticas públicas na relação das esferas governamentais juntamente com os seus cidadãos. Essa pesquisa teve como objetivo verificar as diferenças regionais das regiões dos COREDES e as politicas públicas aplicadas para minimizá-las. Foi realizado um levantamento de dados socioeconômicos dos COREDES apontando a situação atual dos mesmos. A pesquisa desenvolveu um modelo com o cruzamento da despesa per capita e do IDESE de cada região permitindo a classificação em terço: baixo, médio e alto. A pesquisa revelou que o estado apresenta uma situação de melhorias ao longo do tempo com tendência de minimizar as desigualdades que existe entre as regiões. Com o método desenvolvido se defende que a distribuição dos recursos públicos regionalizada seja de acordo com as necessidades de cada região, ou seja, quem possui um IDESE alto deveria ganhar menos recursos em prol das regiões que possuem um IDESE mais baixo tirando das mais ricas favorecendo as mais pobres. Isso demonstra que a política deve ser melhorada e adaptada as necessidades de cada região porque a função do estado é promover o desenvolvimento regional minimizando as diferenças. Além disso, os agentes de desenvolvimento são preponderantes para o sucesso ou não de planos e ações governamentais às regiões dos COREDES. / This job has as the mainly purpose to search about the decentralization of the public managements as a strategy for the regional development persuading improvements to the society. However, since the 1988’s Brazilian Constitution, that in Brazil, several public policies related to the government and with its citizens are planned.This research aimed to examine the regional differences in the COREDES’ regions and the public policies implemented to minimize them. A socioeconomic survey about the COREDES’ datas pointed their current situation. The research developed a model with cross spending individually in each region and the IDESE allowing the classification in three ones: low, medium and high. The research revealed that the state has an improvement situation, tending to minimize the inequalities that exist between regions. With the developed, it is possible to argue that the distribution of the public resources regionalized according to the needs of each regions that have high IDESE should receive fewer resources from the regions that have a lower IDESE taking off the richest favoring the poorest. This demonstrates that the policies should be improved and adapted to the needs of each region because the state function is to promote a regional development minimizing differences. Furthermore the development agents are crucial to the success or the failure of the plans and government actions for the COREDES’ regions.

AbstractTitle: Swedish social media services (A study about Swedish social media services birth andhow they benefit from the Swedish climate)Number of pages: 38Author: Robin SchwabeggerTutor: Else NygrenCourse: Media and Communication Science CPeriod: Fall 2009University: Division of Informatics and Media, Uppsala University.Purpose/Aim: To see if the Swedish advantage or interest in developing new social mediaservices and networks has anything to do with our society. With society I mean our culture,attitudes and history. Do people, especially young people, have a more positive attitudetowards the Internet and has the fact that we, as a country, were among the first to use theInternet anything to do with it.Material/Method: Data collected from books, newspapers and articles from several sites onthe internet. I’ll use the information I’ve gathered to try to find an answer to my givenproblems for the paper. To mark off my problem and information gathering I’ve decided touse three research questions which my work will circle around.Main Result: You can clearly tell that Sweden has a great climate for social media services tobe created. Sweden, as a country, had access to computers and internet in a very early stageand took great advantage of that. Their culture encourages creativity which is important andpeople in Sweden aren’t afraid to run into problems. Teenagers start uses internet in a veryearly age and they have a higher percent of daily usage then other countries.Keyword: File-sharing, Social media, Sweden, Skype, Spotify, Voddler, The Pirate Bay,Communication, Internet, Culture, Users, Consumers, Developers, Hofstede, Hartley

The aim of this research is to investigate the relationship between organizational and national culture and the use and effectiveness of systems development methodologies. Various different aspects of both culture and systems development methodologies are analysed. The first aspect studied is the state of systems development methodology use in South Africa. The results indicate that 74% of the organizations that participated in this study use a systems development methodology. Relationships between horizontal use of systems development methodologies and the success of the IS system and the success of the development process are also found. This relationship shows that when the systems development methodology knowledge is used in a bigger proportion of projects and by a bigger proportion of people, then both the development process and the IS system will be more successful. A relationship is also found that exists between organizational culture and system development methodologies. Organizations with a more hierarchical culture have been using SDMs longer than other organizational cultures. Relationships between national culture and systems development methodologies are also studied. The results show that when people prefer to work in a group (low individualism), the systems development methodology knowledge will be used more horizontally in the organization. The results also show relationships between the success of the IS system, the success of development process and the national and organizational cultures. When managers involve people at lower levels in the organizations in the decision making process, the developed IS system is more successful. The results show that organizations with a more developmental culture will have a more successful development system. The more an organization have a rational culture the more successful the IS system is perceived to be. / Thesis (MSc (Computer Science))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.

The aim of this research is to investigate the relationship between organizational and national culture and the use and effectiveness of systems development methodologies. Various different aspects of both culture and systems development methodologies are analysed. The first aspect studied is the state of systems development methodology use in South Africa. The results indicate that 74% of the organizations that participated in this study use a systems development methodology. Relationships between horizontal use of systems development methodologies and the success of the IS system and the success of the development process are also found. This relationship shows that when the systems development methodology knowledge is used in a bigger proportion of projects and by a bigger proportion of people, then both the development process and the IS system will be more successful. A relationship is also found that exists between organizational culture and system development methodologies. Organizations with a more hierarchical culture have been using SDMs longer than other organizational cultures. Relationships between national culture and systems development methodologies are also studied. The results show that when people prefer to work in a group (low individualism), the systems development methodology knowledge will be used more horizontally in the organization. The results also show relationships between the success of the IS system, the success of development process and the national and organizational cultures. When managers involve people at lower levels in the organizations in the decision making process, the developed IS system is more successful. The results show that organizations with a more developmental culture will have a more successful development system. The more an organization have a rational culture the more successful the IS system is perceived to be. / Thesis (MSc (Computer Science))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.

Submitted by Johnny Rodrigues (johnnyrodrigues@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-08-23T15:08:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JOSÉ MARIA RODRIGUES SANTOS JÚNIOR - DISSERTAÇÃO PGCC 2002..pdf: 2728104 bytes, checksum: d8484065ff9bf584156c0fd52b7c3221 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T15:08:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JOSÉ MARIA RODRIGUES SANTOS JÚNIOR - DISSERTAÇÃO PGCC 2002..pdf: 2728104 bytes, checksum: d8484065ff9bf584156c0fd52b7c3221 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2002-08-28 / Este trabalho discute a necessidade de estratégias e ferramentas para o desenvolvimento mais produtivo e menos complexo de aplicações Web sobre a plataforma Java 2 Enterprise Edition (J2EE). Inicialmente foi feito um estudo da plataforma J2EE, principalmente da tecnologia Enterprise Java Beans (EJB). Uma aplicação Web foi implementada utilizando diretamente os recursos da plataforma J2EE, permitindo identificar aspectos a serem explorados para alcançar os objetivos propostos. Em seguida foi desenvolvida uma ferramenta, denominada de EasyNet, visando explorar esses aspectos. O EasyNet foi utilizado para a re-implementação da aplicação, permitindo que o aumento da produtividade e a redução da complexidade fossem comparados aos da implementação sem a sua utilização. Foi possível identificar que o EasyNet forneceu um aumento significativo da produtividade e reduziu a complexidade no desenvolvimento de aplicações Web sobre a plataforma J2EE. / This work discusses the need of strategies and tools for a more productive and less complex development of Web applications on Java 2 Enterprise Edition (J2EE). A study on the J2EE platform was initially made, especially on the Enterprise Java Beans (EJB) technology. A Web application was implemented using directly the sources from the J2EE platform, allowing the identification of aspects to be explored in order to reach the desired results. After, a tool denominated EasyNet was developed aiming the exploration of such aspects. The EasyNet was used for the re-implementation of the application, allowing the productivity growth and the decrease of the complexity to be compared to the ones of the implementation made without its use. It was possible to identify that the EasyNet provided a significant increase of the productivity and reduced the complexity of the development of the Web applications on the J2EE platform.

A descentralização da gestão pública é uma estratégia para o desenvolvimento regional em busca de melhorias à sociedade. No entanto é na Constituição de 1988 que no Brasil são previstas várias práticas de políticas públicas na relação das esferas governamentais juntamente com os seus cidadãos. Essa pesquisa teve como objetivo verificar as diferenças regionais das regiões dos COREDES e as politicas públicas aplicadas para minimizá-las. Foi realizado um levantamento de dados socioeconômicos dos COREDES apontando a situação atual dos mesmos. A pesquisa desenvolveu um modelo com o cruzamento da despesa per capita e do IDESE de cada região permitindo a classificação em terço: baixo, médio e alto. A pesquisa revelou que o estado apresenta uma situação de melhorias ao longo do tempo com tendência de minimizar as desigualdades que existe entre as regiões. Com o método desenvolvido se defende que a distribuição dos recursos públicos regionalizada seja de acordo com as necessidades de cada região, ou seja, quem possui um IDESE alto deveria ganhar menos recursos em prol das regiões que possuem um IDESE mais baixo tirando das mais ricas favorecendo as mais pobres. Isso demonstra que a política deve ser melhorada e adaptada as necessidades de cada região porque a função do estado é promover o desenvolvimento regional minimizando as diferenças. Além disso, os agentes de desenvolvimento são preponderantes para o sucesso ou não de planos e ações governamentais às regiões dos COREDES. / This job has as the mainly purpose to search about the decentralization of the public managements as a strategy for the regional development persuading improvements to the society. However, since the 1988’s Brazilian Constitution, that in Brazil, several public policies related to the government and with its citizens are planned.This research aimed to examine the regional differences in the COREDES’ regions and the public policies implemented to minimize them. A socioeconomic survey about the COREDES’ datas pointed their current situation. The research developed a model with cross spending individually in each region and the IDESE allowing the classification in three ones: low, medium and high. The research revealed that the state has an improvement situation, tending to minimize the inequalities that exist between regions. With the developed, it is possible to argue that the distribution of the public resources regionalized according to the needs of each regions that have high IDESE should receive fewer resources from the regions that have a lower IDESE taking off the richest favoring the poorest. This demonstrates that the policies should be improved and adapted to the needs of each region because the state function is to promote a regional development minimizing differences. Furthermore the development agents are crucial to the success or the failure of the plans and government actions for the COREDES’ regions.

A descentralização da gestão pública é uma estratégia para o desenvolvimento regional em busca de melhorias à sociedade. No entanto é na Constituição de 1988 que no Brasil são previstas várias práticas de políticas públicas na relação das esferas governamentais juntamente com os seus cidadãos. Essa pesquisa teve como objetivo verificar as diferenças regionais das regiões dos COREDES e as politicas públicas aplicadas para minimizá-las. Foi realizado um levantamento de dados socioeconômicos dos COREDES apontando a situação atual dos mesmos. A pesquisa desenvolveu um modelo com o cruzamento da despesa per capita e do IDESE de cada região permitindo a classificação em terço: baixo, médio e alto. A pesquisa revelou que o estado apresenta uma situação de melhorias ao longo do tempo com tendência de minimizar as desigualdades que existe entre as regiões. Com o método desenvolvido se defende que a distribuição dos recursos públicos regionalizada seja de acordo com as necessidades de cada região, ou seja, quem possui um IDESE alto deveria ganhar menos recursos em prol das regiões que possuem um IDESE mais baixo tirando das mais ricas favorecendo as mais pobres. Isso demonstra que a política deve ser melhorada e adaptada as necessidades de cada região porque a função do estado é promover o desenvolvimento regional minimizando as diferenças. Além disso, os agentes de desenvolvimento são preponderantes para o sucesso ou não de planos e ações governamentais às regiões dos COREDES. / This job has as the mainly purpose to search about the decentralization of the public managements as a strategy for the regional development persuading improvements to the society. However, since the 1988’s Brazilian Constitution, that in Brazil, several public policies related to the government and with its citizens are planned.This research aimed to examine the regional differences in the COREDES’ regions and the public policies implemented to minimize them. A socioeconomic survey about the COREDES’ datas pointed their current situation. The research developed a model with cross spending individually in each region and the IDESE allowing the classification in three ones: low, medium and high. The research revealed that the state has an improvement situation, tending to minimize the inequalities that exist between regions. With the developed, it is possible to argue that the distribution of the public resources regionalized according to the needs of each regions that have high IDESE should receive fewer resources from the regions that have a lower IDESE taking off the richest favoring the poorest. This demonstrates that the policies should be improved and adapted to the needs of each region because the state function is to promote a regional development minimizing differences. Furthermore the development agents are crucial to the success or the failure of the plans and government actions for the COREDES’ regions.

As organizações encontram-se em um ambiente de acirrada e crescente concorrência, exigindo delas rapidez, flexibilidade e alta percepção. As decisões tomadas pelos administradores tornam-se mais importantes e freqüentes, devendo combinar velocidade e embasamento. Assim, a atuação destes profissionais, torna-se mais crítica e importante para o desempenho das organizações. Para atuarem satisfatoriamente neste contexto competitivo, os administradores necessitam ter disponível seu principal instrumento: a informação. Com este objetivo, muitos recursos são investidos em sistemas de informação, mas nem sempre os resultados esperados são alcançados. Este trabalho aborda a desconexão entre desenvolvedores e usuários de sistemas de informação, como problema nas organizações; investiga como esta desconexão afeta a obtenção de informação pelos decisores e apresenta formas de aproximação entre desenvolvedores e usuários, visando melhorias no uso de sistemas de informação. / Organizations meet in an environment of hard and growing competition, demanding from them, speed, flexibility and high perception. Decisions taken by the administrators become more frequent and important, and they should combine speed and foundation. Thus, these professionals' work, becomes more critic and important to the performance of organizations. In order to act satisfactorily in this competitive context, these administrators need to have available their main instrument: information. With this objective, many resources are invested in information systems, however, the expected results are not always reached. This work approaches the disconnection between developers and users of information systems, as a problem in organizations; it investigates how this disconnetion affects the obtainment of information by the decision makers and it presents approaching ways between developers and users, seeking improvements in the use of information systems.