This thesis aims to evaluate Sweden’s policies on nuclear proliferation and create a better understanding of how these policies affect Sweden’s work towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Amid global concerns about nuclear weapons and their impact on peace, security and sustainable development, Sweden stands as a global leader both regarding disarmament and non-proliferation and sustainable development. In this thesis, Swedish policies and statements both from the Swedish government and parliament have been evaluated along with a few laws relating to the topic. An evaluative qualitative content analysis was employed, which with coding and categorisation has delved deep into these dynamics to create a better understanding of the connection between policies on nuclear proliferation and the SDGs in Sweden. From the coding, seven categories emerged; Alignment with the SDGs, Positive Impacts on the SDGs, Negative Impacts on the SDGs, International Collaboration, Adaptive Capacity, Global Leadership Role and Disarmament Efforts.    To provide more perspectives and create a deeper understanding of the connection between nuclear proliferation and the SDGs and the findings from the coding, an analytical framework, realism and the security-development nexus, were employed. These two frameworks were put next to each other to give two different views of how nuclear proliferation affects the SDGs. Sweden is not a country typically examined from the perspective of realism as it is peaceful and not one of the world’s great powers. The same goes for the security-development nexus, which often focuses on conflict-ridden countries or countries that are underdeveloped. This thesis has therefore provided a new perspective of both Sweden and these frameworks that will benefit policymakers and academics in the future when similar studies or studies on similar issues are conducted.

The Fourth Industrial Revolution, known as Industry 4.0, has ushered in a new era of technological advancement and disruption across Manufacturing Industries. As organizations embrace digital technologies, artificial intelligence, and automation, the workforce faces profound changes in job roles, skill requirements, and training needs. Several challenges are faced by industries during this Industrial transformation. This research begins by focusing on Industry 4.0 and Industry 5.0, understanding there evolving concept. Through comprehensive literature review, the challenges and practices faced during this Industrial transformation and SDGs are discussed. Following the literature review, survey and interview questions were drafted trying to dug deeper into aspects that the literature could not fully capture. Furthermore, the relation between this Industrial Transformation and SDGs were established. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of the dynamic relationship between technology, the workforce, and sustainable development. This thesis report serves as a valuable resource for policymakers, business leaders, educators, and researchers seeking to navigate the transformative landscape of Industrial Transformation and its implications for a rapidly evolving workforce and sustainabledevelopment. / Den fjärde industriella revolutionen, känd som industry 4.0, har introducerat en ny era av teknologisk framsteg och förändringar inom tillverkningsindustrin. När organisationer omfamnar digitala teknologier, artificiell intelligens och automation står arbetskraften inför djupgående förändringar i arbetsroller, kompetenskrav och utbildningsbehov. Under denna industriella omvandling möter företag flera utmaningar. Denna forskning börjar med att fokusera på industry 4.0 och industry 5.0 och förstå deras utvecklande koncept. Genom en omfattande litteraturgenomgång diskuteras de utmaningar och metoder som möter denna industriella omvandling samt deras koppling till hållbarhetsmålen (sdgs).Efter litteraturgenomgången utformades enkät- och intervjuförfrågningar för att fördjupa förståelsen för aspekter som litteraturen inte kunde fånga helt. Vidare etablerades sambandet mellan denna industriella transformation och hållbarhetsmålen. Denna forskning bidrar till en djupare förståelse av den dynamiska relationen mellan teknologi, arbetskraften och hållbar utveckling.Denna avhandling tjänar som en värdefull resurs för beslutsfattare, företagsledare, utbildare och forskare som söker navigera i det föränderliga landskapet av industriell transformation och dess konsekvenser för en snabbt utvecklande arbetskraft och hållbar utveckling.

Predicting the passenger flow inside a city is a vital component of the intelligent transportation management system. The proposal for a new residential area, an office space, post­pandemic policy implications for work from home, behavioral changes for revised traffic patterns, infrastructural improvements, require a visual and analytical backing which can be provided through a macro simulation model. This research explores the performance of the Machine learning (ML) based transport model against the predictions provided by the traditional Spatial Interaction Models (SIM) for the city of Oslo. The transport models and their parameters are analyzed for sensitivity analysis and scenario analysis to derive city character. Furthermore, the derived model is deployed over an interactive dashboard for analytical and their practical visualizations through infographics. The results show that the ML model outperforms the SIM. Although the traditional SIM has a clear advantage of being interpreted by design and requiring a few parameters, it suffers from its inability to accurately capture the structure of real flows and greater variability as compared to the ML model. Extensive statistical analyses are conducted to obtain significant results and realize the pros and cons of both the models which question the validity of results for the ML model over SIM. With this thesis, we discuss the potential of ML model detected trends of passenger flows, andtheir capacity to simulate city development­related scenarios for the traffic flows within the city.

2022 is election year in Sweden and at the same time we are approaching year 2030 fast. Because of that, it is of interest to analyze how the Swedish government is communicating Agenda 2030 and the SDGs, with a special focus on climate and the environment, on their official Instagram account and website. This thesis performed with a qualitative content analysis aims to analyze and compare the representation of these subjects with the help of the theoretical framework of critical theory and its critical political economy of media and communication. This allows for a critical analysis of how communication is presented on the different platforms and if the main focuses differ between them. Statistics from Internetstiftelsen (2022) shows how Instagram is the main social platform used by first-time voters and therefore it is of importance to analyze the communication posted there. At the same time the Instagram posts refers to the website in some cases, hence, it is important to analyze the communication published there as well to be able to make an accurate comparison between the platforms.  The collected material consists of articles and Instagram posts that has been coded, thematized and analyzed with the help of software analyze tool. It resulted in an accurate visualization of how large percentage of the coded themes was present in the chosen material. Analyzing the material opened a discussion on how the communication does differ on the two platforms. The communication done on Instagram has a strong focus on what Sweden has done with regards to Agenda 2030 and the SDGs, what they are doing and how well they are performing. Nevertheless, it rarely discusses what Agenda 2030 is, how the SDGs are constructed or what it takes to achieve them. This information can however be found on the website, a platform which is visited less often than Instagram by first-time voters. To increase political interest and knowledge amongst the younger generation, changes in the communication must be done. Otherwise, we might see ourselves in a situation where the interest in making crucial changes decreases and thereby jeopardizes our chances of achieving Agenda 2030.

Sustainability must be integrated into our everyday world. To achieve that, Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) were established. Some scholars agree that the SDGs are not enough. So, a new strategy is needed to conquer the challenges. More specifically, a new generation of leaders is needed to transform our world. This study, therefore, introduces the theory of leadership for sustainability. Educating leaders for sustainability lies in the hands of Higher Education Institutions (HEIs). In that context, this study compares two programmes focusing on leadership and sustainability at HEIs to discover how they prepare the leaders of tomorrow to implement more sustainability actions that contribute to achieving the SDGs. Adopting qualitative research, empirical data was collected from semi-structured interviews with alumni and the management teams of two programmes in Sweden and Germany. In line with the literature, findings show that programmes focusing on leadership and sustainability need to include learnings such as awareness, diverse views and perspectives, experiential learning, systemic thinking, critical assessment, reflection, and collaborative work to ensure knowledge and skill transfer. In addition, the findings emphasize the embedding of the programme, a coherent programme structure, well-matched content, great teachers, and small groups of diverse students to achieve learning outcomes and prepare future leaders sufficiently. The data demonstrate that despite perceiving content and learnings individually, students are equally prepared. The study outlines that programmes focusing on leadership and sustainability are a beginning and convenient possibility to educate future leaders for sustainability. Still, more action is needed to integrate sustainability further into our world.

Syftet med detta projekt var att ta fram en lösning till det regelbundna bytet av proteser under barnets tillväxt. Problemet med detta regelbundna byte av proteser är materialkostnader, produktionskostnader, materialspill och materialanvändning som kommer vara kontinuerliga under barnets tillväxt och detta kan ha en negativ påverkan på aspekter som miljö, sociala och ekonomi. Detta projekt löstes igenom beslutsmodeller, skisser och 3D-konstruktioner som såg till att en protes hade förmågan att växa med ett barns tillväxt. Målet med examensarbetet var att konstruera en armprotes, skapa en fysisk prototyp och undersöka konstruktionens generella materialval. Dessutom ge argument för armprotesens fördelar kring de globala målen. Arbetet och resurserna som krävs för att konstruera en armprotes kräver extremt mycket forskning där detta examensarbete endast höll sig inom en liten ram. Detta examensarbete resulterade till en prototyp som kan demonstrera en expansionsfunktion och gripfunktion. Dessutom bestämdes lämpliga materialval för armprotesens olika komponenter. Projektet lyckades med att ta fram en lösning på det regelbundna bytet av proteser under ett barns tillväxt. Under projektets gång upptäcktes ett antal förbättringar som kunde utförts, då vid uppföljning av projekt togs det fram flera förbättringsförslag med hjälp av diskussion och resultat som senare går att jobba vidare med. / The purpose of this project was to develop a solution for the regular change of prostheses during a child’s growth. The problem with the regular change of prostheses are the material costs, production costs, material waste and material use which will be continuous during the child’s growth and this can have a negative impact on aspects such as enviormental, social and economical. his project was about developing a solution based on decision models, sketches and 3D-constructions that ensures that a prosthesis has the ability to expand with a child during it’s growth. The goal of the project was to construct a armprothesis, build a physical prototype and also research the general material choices. Furthermore provide arguments for the benefits of the specific prosthetic arm surrounding the sustainable development goals. The time and resources to develop such an arm prothesis will require en extreme amount of research, this thesis project would only be working within a small framework. This thesis project resulted in a prototyp that has the ability to demonstrate a expansionfunction and a grip function. Appropriate material choices were decided for the prothesis several components. The project succeded in producing a solution for the regular change of prostheses during a child’s growth. During the course of the project was it realized that several improvements could’ve been made, then at the behest of a sudden follow-up, several suggestions for improvement were produced with the help of discussion and results which can late be worked upon.

The East African Community (EAC) is an intergovernmental organisation comprised of six countries, five of which are classed as having a low development level and one of which is classed as medium. The region has low rates of human development and electrical connectivity but is committed to meeting the universal access and clean energy goals of Sustainable Development Goal 7. This thesis seeks to explore the renewable energy potential of the EAC at a regional level. There is little study of the energy situation of the EAC as a specific region, contrasting this work to the majority of similar analyses that focus on the national or sub-Saharan level. The potential for solar PV and wind power in the EAC was examined through an analysis of existing energy systems, a simplified multi-criteria analysis through geographical information systems, and a comparison with similar work by the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA). The region was shown to have a small but growing electricity sector and a primary energy system dominated by traditional biomass. The mapping analysis identified large areas across all studied countries as potentially suitable for on- or off-grid renewable energy. It also highlighted issues with the results of IRENA’s work in its current form. Solar PV and wind energy potential across the EAC is shown to be high, with a low carbon electricity sector consequently a possibility for the region in the future. / Den Östafrikanska Gemenskapen (EAC) är en mellanstatlig organisation av sex länder. Fem av de länderna har en låg utvecklingsnivå och en är klassificerad som medelnivå. Regionen har låg mänsklig utveckling och tillgång till elkraft men har bestämt att uppfylla globala målen 7: säkerställa tillgång till ekonomiskt överkomlig, tillförlitlig, hållbar och modern energi för alla. Denna uppsats utforskade potentialen för förnybar energi i den EAC på en regional nivå. Potentialen för solenergi och vindkraft i EAC undersöktes genom en analys av befintliga energisystem, en förenklad multikriterianalys genom geografiska informationssystem (GIS) och en jämförelse med liknande arbete från den International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA). En liten men växande elsektor och ett primärt energisystem dominerat av traditionell biomassa identifierades i regionen. Kartläggningsanalysen identifierade stora områden i alla studerade länder som lämpliga för förnybar energi på, eller utanför, elnätet. Analysen fann också problem med resultaten från IRENAs arbete med Global Atlas of Renewable Energy projektet. Det finns god potential för sol- och vindkraft i EAC och möjligheten av ett lågkoldioxidenergisystem är diskuterade som en potential framtid för regionen.

Sustainability is a topic that gains more attention each year and new legislationforces companies around the world to follow more strict reporting. At the sametime, the United Nations (UN) has updated its Millennium Development Goals(MDGs) to the newer Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) that aresupposed to be marked throughout corporations, governments, and nations.These new goals are important for both emerging countries as well asdeveloped countries to strive for a better world for all. This thesis aimed toinvestigate what barriers and enablers Multinational Small and Medium-sizedEnterprises (MSMEs) in Sweden met when they incorporated the UN SDGsinto their companies' operations. The research aimed to find how the MSMEsdealt with various barriers, what enablers support SDGs implementation, andthe best practices for other (M)SMEs to follow. A qualitative multi-case studywith different MSMEs in Sweden was chosen through an abductive approachand thematic analysis. Furthermore, the SDGs4SMEs Roadmap to SDGsimplementation in (M)SMEs was created by the authors as a contribution toacademic international business studies as well for Swedish (M)SMEs. In theempirical findings chapter, several barriers and enablers were discovered, andhow MSMEs dealt with them. In the conclusion part, theoretical implicationsare given. Moreover, by comparing the empirical data retrieved, theresearchers identified best practices for (M)SMEs that further facilitate SDGsimplementation. As a result, recommendations for policymakers and managersare conveyed in a step-by-step manner to be easily applicable for most(M)SMEs around Sweden. This is the authors’ contribution, the SDGs4SMEsRoadmap followed by limitations and future research recommendations.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of water and sanitation service delivery in resource-limited settings using two different social theories (modernization and world system). Understanding that barriers to effectiveness are rooted in global structures that tend to present at local levels helps redefine the problem leading to comprehensive policies and practices. The guiding research questions included an identification of an effectiveness gap in services delivered in developed countries compared to those in developing countries. This study included a survey of water and sanitation professionals gauging their opinions on trends within the sector. Survey respondents demonstrated that the sector tends to align with localized (i.e. modernist) approaches. This may explain the perpetuation of differential patterns in water and sanitation access and associated diseases and deaths in developing countries. Through a case study of Partners In Health (PIH), a medical-oriented non-governmental organization used as a proxy for water and sanitation organizations, this work illustrated why personal and organizational philosophies and perspectives influence how we organize and act. It concludes with a discussion of engineering decision making through the lenses offered by modernization and world system theories; presents an organizational structure that allows organizations to overcome theoretical and geographic boundaries; and offers a set of recommendations learned from PIH and those the sector does well. This research shows how water and sanitation organizations, practices, and policies that consider local and global forces are more effective at delivering services in developing countries than those focusing solely on local forces. / Ph. D.

Global education for global competency in Catholic schools of the Archdiocese of Los Angeles is neither defined nor aligned as a priority for its 21st-century learners. Various schools within the Department of Catholic Schools address global competency through world languages, dual-language immersion, activities, or programs, but no specific global education focus permeates the entire district. The relevance of global competency for nearly 80,000 students from Early Childhood (EC) programs/PreK–12th grade (high school) Catholic schools in Los Angeles is not just a curricular necessity or spiritual aspiration, it is, at its core, a question of social justice, particularly for students of color and first-generation immigrants who live mostly in underserved communities. This study analyzes whether PreK–12th-grade Catholic schools of the Archdiocese of Los Angeles have unique assets, as well as what challenges the district would face if it were to adapt a more formalized approach to global education. The study researches whether diverse community cultural wealth, demographics, mission, innovation, and Catholic social teachings align or hinder the development of a global education curriculum that addresses the universally adopted United Nations Sustainable Development Goals 2030. The study investigates urgency, opportunity, scalability, and sustainability for this social justice priority. This inquiry also attempts to answer why a globally connected organization, such as the Roman Catholic Church in Los Angeles and its school system, is not virtually connected in its own worldwide network in order to promote global competency for its 21st-century learners.