Yes / A global response to Covid‐19 pandemic has triggered issues related to stress and social restrictions; thus, mental health is seen as a particular area of concern for social well‐being for both policymakers and corporate regulators/companies. Given that mental health intersects with most, if not all, of the 17 sustainable development goals (SDGs), this research brought to light issues surrounding employment of people with mental disabilities (PWMDs) and the financial merits of employing them. An online survey was administered to PWMDs to elicit what possible flexible opportunities could enable them to gain or stay at work. Interviews were also conducted with human resource managers and financial managers. Our results show that there are currently no flexible working opportunities available for PWMDs, which could enable them work effectively to improve both self and general economic growth.

The need for donor funding has increased significantly over the last decade. Without donor funding millions of people wouldn’t be alive today. Thanks either to research finding a cure, successful treatment, funds donated for food, aid toward building infrastructure, or giving people the opportunity to further their education. Donor funding thus facilitates a better future. A literature review was conducted to give background on the health sector and how these funds were distributed, ethical clearance, different types of reporting, the role project managers pays in a project and the sustainability of projects. Expenses in different countries were evaluated by gathering data from the internet, while two international funded projects are also used to state how funders divide their line items into different categories. The empirical study used a qualitative research approach by collecting and analysing data obtained from the MDG 2010 report and other freely available data on the web. The main findings from this thesis are: *The Millennium Development Goals (MDG’s) influence donor funding as it gives donors a guide towards funding needs. Donors are also influenced by their own preferences or what poses a burden to them individually. *The different types of reporting required for funding received, delay a project and the bureaucratic structures thereof are a hindrance. *Ethical clearance plays a fundamental role in the outcome of a project, as without ethical clearance a project cannot commence. *The objectives of a project play a critical role when applying for funding. This can change the focus of a project. *Expenses differ from country to country and funders need to take this into account when giving funding to recipient countries. *Project Managers and community involvement plays a critical role in ensuring sustainability of projects. THE SUSTAINABILITY OF DONOR FUNDED PROJECTS IN THE HEALTH SECTOR *The MDG’s are not on track and aid are focus on singular goals instead of multiple goals, to ensure an overall improved result. There is a major gap between needed funds and given funds. A single injection of funds will not be the solution to our health problem; different sectors need to collaborate together as we are facing a multi-dimensional problem. Trade and reform must also form part of this aid, ensuring a sustainable progression in the life’s of people. Donor funded projects may have a sustainable future, when taking in account the abovementioned findings. With the world trend in reporting changing rapidly, cost and management accountants as well as financial accountants and project managers have to equip them to adhere to the new way of reporting, namely integrated and sustainability reporting. South Africa is way behind and needs to catch up fast if they want to stay competitive in the “global donor funding market”. The limitations in this study were that not all expenses were evaluated and only 15 countries were looked at. An indebt look was taken into Africa with the empirical review, while Asia is also combating poor health issues. Some African countries like Sierra Leone and Zimbabwe did not have sufficient data to compare with other countries. From the research conducted, the following topics were identified that require further research: *Why are most projects in Third World countries not sustainable? *What plans are put into action to ensure that the MDG goals are reached? *Investigate what works for First World countries health systems and consider how that can be applied to Third World countries to ensure that they also get the best health care available. *Do donors take into account the different costs of countries when allocating funding to that specific country? *Establishing models to evaluate the sustainability of pilot projects and normal projects. *Establishing a model on how to distribute donor funds across different needs and not only one specific need. / MCom (Management Accountancy), North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2013

The work deals with development aid. Diploma thesis is focused on development, development aid, then the thesis is focused on the performance of the different actors of development aid and ways to help in the past and today. The diploma thesis describes the MDGs, examples of potential obstacles to development assistance, also it describes development assistance offered by the Czech Republic. Finally, thesis focuses on the development assistance in education, which is actually the more specific goal of this work. The work describes a Zambia circumstances and non-profit organization Njovu, which operates its projects in the poorest parts of Lusaka. Another goals of the work describe the personal experience of Zambia - from the position of a woman who three months taught children English, led the afternoon activities etc. KEYWORDS Africa, development aid, development cooperation, the Millennium Development Goals (MDG's), education in Zambia, a non-profit organization, Njovu

La nécessaire lutte contre la pauvreté découle d'un constat troublant : la richesse combinée des quinze personnes les plus riches de la planète est supérieure à la valeur annuelle cumulée de la production de biens /services de l'ensemble des pays de l'Afrique subsaharienne. 20% de la population mondiale consomme plus de 80% des ressources disponibles sur la surface de la terre. Ce double constat révèle l'ampleur des efforts à accomplir pour répondre au défi des objectifs du millénaire pour le développement (OMD). La responsabilité des Etats est évidemment engagée mais les solutions sont plus à rechercher au niveau des villes et des territoires. Au plus proche des habitants, les autorités locales peuvent et doivent jouer un rôle de catalyseur du développement. Il revient aux citoyens des territoires confrontés aux problèmes de sous-développement d'imaginer et de proposer ces solutions locales. La coopération décentralisée contribue à la recherche et à l'invention de telles politiques territoriales : cadre de dialogue privilégié entre gouvernements locaux. Définie comme un partenariat entre autorités locales de nationalités différentes, cette coopération décentralisée permet un partage d'expériences – micro finance, décentralisation, bonne gouvernance etc. En clair, tous les espoirs peuvent s'inviter dans la symbiose « Coopération décentralisée et Objectifs du Millénaire pour le Développement», en tenant compte de leurs enjeux et perspectives dans l'espace francophone subsaharien. / The necessary struggle against poverty comes from an elementary remark observation: the combined wealth of the 15 richest people in the planet exceeds the total annual value of the production of the properties / services of all the countries of Sub-Saharan Africa. 20 % of the world population consumes more than 80 % of the resources available on the surface of the earth. This observation reminds the magnitude of the efforts which remain to carry out to answer the challenge of the millennium through the OMD. The responsibility of States is obviously engaged but the solutions are more to look for at the level of cities and territories. In the closest to the inhabitants, the local authorities can and have to play a role of catalyst of the development. It is up to the citizens of territories confronted with the problems of underdevelopment to imagine and to propose these local solutions. The decentralized cooperation contributes to the search and the invention of such territorial policies, because it is a frame of privileged dialogue between local governments. Defined as a partnership between local authorities of different nationalities, it allows a sharing of experiences - microfinances, decentralization, good governance etc.- Clearly, all the hopes can invite itself in the symbiosis "Decentralized Cooperation and Objectives of the Millennium for the Development by taking into account their stakes and perspectives in the Sub-Saharan French-Speaking Space".

De globala hållbarhetsmålen, antagna år 2015, ska verka för en global satsning för ökad social, ekonomisk, och miljömässig hållbarhet. I styrdokument publicerade 2018 från FN uppmanas berörda parter på olika nivåer att inkorporera mer ideellt engagemang i form av volontärarbete. Detta för att kunna etablera en lokal förankring som ska underlätta genomdrivandet av de 17 målen, med tillhörande 169 delmål. En typ av volontärarbete som vuxit fram de senaste 20 åren är så kallade volontärresor, där ofta unga västerlänningar åker för att hjälpa till i projekt i utvecklingsländer, i kombination med nöjesresor. I denna studie undersöks hur projekt som erbjuds av svenska volontärresebyråer kan relateras till de globala hållbarhetsmålen, samt hur olika publikationer från FN om volontärarbete och hållbar turism kan förstås utifrån kommersiell volontärturism. Här har fyra svenska volontärresebyråers projektbeskrivningar synats och jämförts med delmålen för Agenda 2030. Metoden som använts är en kvalitativ innehållsanalys av projektbeskrivningar från volontärresebyråernas hemsidor. Rättighetsperspektivet (Human Rights Based Approach) har använts vid analysen för att se på vilket sätt projektbeskrivningarna kan ses vara rättighetsbaserade. Resultaten visar på att volontärturism främst berör hållbarhetsmål för utbildning och biologisk mångfald, genom engelskundervisning och vård av djur och natur. I de projekt som finns kan kvalitén på de insatser som görs ofta inte garanteras, och en medvetenhet kring hållbarhetsmålen tycks heller inte finnas. Engagemanget kan därför ses adressera effekterna av strukturella problem, men inte verka för en lösning av de grundläggande orsakerna till problemen. En förbättring som föreslås för att volontärturism ska kunna bidra till en väg till utveckling är att öka kopplingen i projekten till Agenda 2030 genom kunskapsspridning. / The sustainable development goals, published in 2015, were created as a global effort to increase sustainable social, economic and environmental development. In documents published in 2018 from the UN, relevant actors are encouraged to incorporate more voluntary work on different levels of society, in order to establish a local anchoring for the 17 goals with its’ 169 sub-targets. One kind of non-profit work that has gained popularity in the last 20 years are the so-called volunteer travels, where tourists, often young Westerners, travel in order to help out in developing countries, in combination with leisure activities. In this study, descriptions of projects that are offered by Swedish volunteer- travel agencies have been examined as to how they relate to the Sustainable Development Goals, along with how different publications from the UN on how volunteerism and sustainable tourism can be understood in regard to commercial volunteer tourism. Here, four Swedish volunteer tourist agencies have been examined and compared to the sub-targets for the Sustainable Development Goals, also known as Agenda 2030. The method used is a qualitative content analysis of the project descriptions found on the web pages of the volunteer tourist agencies. The Human Rights Based Approach has been used to analyse the data in order to investigate in what way the project descriptions can be seen as rights based. The result shows that volunteer tourism primarily is related to development goals concerning education and biological diversity, through English classes and care of animals and nature. The established projects that are available often cannot guarantee the quality of the efforts being made and do not seem to incorporate an awareness of the Sustainable Development Goals. The activity can therefore be seen as addressing the effects of structural problems, rather than a solution of the underlying causes of the problems. A possible improvement that is suggested for volunteer tourism to contribute more to a road to development, is to more emphasize the connection between projects in volunteer tourism and the Sustainable Development Goals, mainly through knowledge sharing.

The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are a well-known and comprehensive framework for sustainable development. However due to the overlapping and interrelated nature of the goals, action towards one goal can positively or negatively contribute to another.Social innovation hubs including Impact Hub and Centre for Social Innovation use the SDGs to support social entrepreneurs to have a positive impact. Document analysis and interviews with 15 practitioners from these hubs informed the research on how the organizations perceive and contribute to sustainability, how they integrate the SDGs, and the challenges and benefits with using the SDGs. Based on that, this research has developed five recommendations for social innovation hubs to: 1) Define Sustainability; 2) Enhance Visioning; 3) Design co-creative programs; 4) Define Impact;and 5) Communicate Impact. While other elements of the Framework for Strategic Sustainable Development (FSSD) could be used to complement the SDGs, the Sustainability Principles (SPs) of the FSSD are recommended as a definition for sustainability.

It is a growing belief that transitioning towards sustainable cities requires a wide citizen engagement, yet many local governments are not able to define how citizen engagement should be done. This research was conducted to assess municipalities’ effort in engaging citizens when working for sustainability. This study focuses on creating a strategic guide for municipalities to use when engaging citizens to work with the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). A systemic analysis approach was selected to examine the SDGs through the Framework for Strategic Sustainable Development, followed by a Value Stream Analysis for the SDGs. Then a mapping method used, where each SDG was linked to a level of citizen engagement on Arnstein’s ladder for citizen engagement (1969). A group interview for practitioners was held in Karlskrona Municipality in Sweden for an evaluation purpose. The results revealed a risk of misalignment for some SDGs, a relational matrix map was created where each SDG was related to a level of Arnstein’s ladder in a graphic visual, which can be used by the municipality as guide to choose the level of engagement for each SDG. A set of insights were revealed concerning the enablers and barriers for citizen engagement in municipal context.

Allt fler har börjat kritisera det vardagsliv som vi i utvecklade länder lever, där hög konsumtion, flygresor och annan markant klimatpåverkan blivit vardag (Claesson, 2018). 2018 var året som Sverige upplevde värmerekord med följder som både torka och bränder. Sommarens extrema väder har bidragit till att klimatet fått mer fokus i samhällsdebatten, och både privatpersoners och företags påverkan på klimatet har blivit föremål för diskussion (Frid, 2018). Diskussionen har även blivit aktuell inom besöksnäringen. Turistsektorn lyfter fram dess påverkan på miljön och det är en av de största utmaningar som beslutsfattare inom besöksnäringen står inför idag, både regionalt, nationellt och internationellt (Tillväxtverket, 2019). Syftet med studien har således varit att undersöka hur svensk besöksnäring på landsbygden arbetar med en hållbar utveckling ställt i relation till Agenda 2030. Hur arbetar den svenska besöksnäringen idag med hållbarhet och hur verkar den i en av vår tids mest komplexa omställningar? För att besvara detta genomfördes semistrukturerade intervjuer med sex personer som är verksamma i sex olika populära turistdestinationer på den svenska landsbygden. Dessa turistdestinationer ligger till grund för studiens empiriska material. Resultatet visade att det är ett begränsat antal anläggningar som aktivt arbetar med hållbar utveckling inkorporerat i verksamheten, även om allt fler har börjat arbeta mer aktivt med hållbarhet. Studien bidrar till en djupare förståelse kring den svenska besöksnäringens arbete med hållbarhetsfrågor, samt hur det skiljer sig utifrån verksamheternas geografiska läge. Studien bidrar också med ett kunskapsunderlag för hur den svenska besöksnäringen kan utvecklas för en mer hållbar framtid.

In 2015 the United Nations adopted an action plan named Agenda 2030. The plan contains 17 global sustainable development goals and 169 sub-goals; all of which are aimed towards creating a sustainable future within the spheres of the three cornerstones of sustainability; social, environmental, and economical by the year of 2030.  The aim of this paper is to examine the prerequisites for the Chilean government in implementing the UN's goal number five: reach gender equality. What are their ambitions? What are the biggest challenges? Which strategy does the government have to manage the challenges of the implementation process? The analysis has been conducted through a qualitative field study based on various documents, and is complemented by experts' interviews.   The method used is theory consuming and relies on Lennart Lundquist's implementation theory 'Understand, can and will' (1992).  Lundquist believes that the will is the most important factor for implementing a policy. The Chilean government shows both an understanding of what is needed and the resources that are needed.  The question is, do they possess the will it takes to overcome the obstacles they face?

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-11-09T10:23:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Pedro Fernandes Saad.pdf: 3567757 bytes, checksum: a541132c7b6c355a8ad4c3842debd248 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-09T10:23:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pedro Fernandes Saad.pdf: 3567757 bytes, checksum: a541132c7b6c355a8ad4c3842debd248 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-09-13 / Comprising 8 goals and 21 associated targets, the United Nations Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), which were in forcesincethe beginning of the millennium until2015, have produced good results. Although this success was not entirely due to the MDGs,but also to a number of other global favorable circumstances, such as China's accelerated growth in the period, significant reductions were observed in global indices such as extreme poverty, hunger, out-of-school children and child mortality. The 2030 Agenda, which has succeeded the MDGs since 2016, is composed of 17 Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs) and 169 associated targets, representing a much greater ambition to be achieved in an equalperiod of 15 years. According to the United Nations DevelopmentProgram (UNDP), it is estimated that US$ 5-7 trillion will be needed to meet the SDGs, with a deficit of US$ 2.5 trillion in developing countries, an order of greatness above the assistance they receive from developed countries, in the order of billions. It is a consensus that this difference can only be covered through partnerships involving the UN, governments, Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and the private sector (companies and investors). This idea is advocatedby both market experts and the UN itself. Since the creation of the United Nations Global Compact in 2000, UNhas discussed partnerships every two years in the General Assemblies and has dedicated SDG17 to specifically deal with the partnerships to achieve the other SDGs. In order to stimulate the active participation of companies in SDGs, incorporating sustainability into their value chains, the Global Compact has been active on several fronts, including the provision of Blueprint for Business Leadership in the SDGs (BBL), a guide that presents suggestions for possible actions and guidelines on how to implement them. However, these actions are presented qualitatively, without any kind of expected cost/benefit parameter that can help companies and investors in decision making. This is a matterthat the Copenhagen Consensus Center (CCC) addresses in the Post-2015 Consensus, suggesting the prioritization of SDGtargets based on a return perdollar invested ratio, although the return,in this case,is the benefit to people, the planetand prosperity. The objective of this work is to propose a method to assist companies in decision making regarding thechoice of sustainable actions to be carried out in partnership with governments, NGOs and the UN itself, as recommended by SDG17, taking into account the cost/benefit ratio in terms of return (for mankind) per dollar invested. For this, the actions listed by the CCC in the Post-2015 Consensusare taken as basis and, for those that can be executed by companies, the model proposed in the BBL by the Global Compact is applied. The aim is to enhance the impact of sustainable actions carried out by companies and to help the UN and its specialized agencies, programs and funds to select and prioritize the most impactful partnerships, thereby contributing to achieving the intended targets by 2030 / Compostos por oito objetivos e 21 metas associadas, os Objetivos de Desenvolvimento do Milênio (ODM) da Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU), que vigoraram do início do milênio até 2015, produziram bons resultados. Ainda que este sucesso não tenha sido integralmente devido aos ODM, mas também a uma série de outras conjunturas globais favoráveis, como o crescimento acelerado da China no período, foram observadas significativas reduções em índices globais como extrema pobreza, fome, crianças fora da escola e mortalidade infantil. A Agenda 2030, que sucedeu os ODM a partir de 2016, é composta por 17 Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS) e 169 metas associadas, representando uma ambição muito maior para ser atingida em igual prazo de 15 anos. De acordo com o Programa das Nações Unidas para o Desenvolvimento (PNUD), estima-se que serão necessários de US$ 5 a 7 trilhões para atingir os ODS, sendo que nos países em desenvolvimento há um déficit de US$ 2.5 trilhões. Trata-se deuma ordem de grandeza acima da assistência que eles recebem dos países desenvolvidos, na casa de bilhões. É consenso que esta diferença só pode ser coberta por meio de parcerias que envolvam a ONU, governos, Organizações Não-Governamentais (ONGs) e o setor privado (empresas e investidores). Esta ideia é defendida tanto por especialistas do mercado, como pela própria ONU, que desde a criação do Pacto Global das Nações Unidas, em 2000, discute o tema das parcerias a cada dois anos nas Assembleias Gerais, além de ter dedicado o ODS 17 para tratar especificamente das parcerias para o atingimento dos demais Objetivos. Para estimular a participação ativa das empresas nos ODS, incorporando a sustentabilidade em suas cadeias de valor, oPacto Global tem atuado em diversas frentes, dentre elas a disponibilização do Blueprint for Business Leadership on the SDGs(BBL), um guia que apresenta sugestões de possíveis ações e orientações de como implementá-las. Entretanto, essas ações são apresentadas qualitativamente, sem nenhum tipo de parâmetro de relação custo/benefícioesperada que possa auxiliar as empresas e investidores na tomada de decisão. Esta é uma questão que o Copenhagen Consensus Center (CCC) endereça no Post-2015 Consensus, sugerindo a priorização das metas dos ODS com base em umarelação de retorno por dólarinvestido, embora o retorno, neste caso, seja o benefício para as pessoas, o planeta e a prosperidade. O trabalho tem por objetivo propor um método para auxiliar as empresas na tomada de decisão em relação à escolha de ações sustentáveis a serem realizadas em parceria com governos, ONGs e a própria ONU, conforme preconiza o ODS 17, levando em consideração o fator custo/benefício em termos de retorno (para a humanidade) por dólar investido. Para isto, tomam-se por base as ações listadas pelo CCC no Post-2015 Consensuse, para aquelas que podem ser executadas por empresas, aplica-se o modelo proposto no BBL pelo Pacto Global. Pretende-se, desta forma, potencializar o impacto das ações sustentáveis executadas pelas empresas e ajudar a ONU e suas agênciasespecializadas,programas e fundos a selecionareme priorizaremas parcerias de maior impacto, contribuindo, desta forma, para o atingimento das metas pretendidas até 2030