Abstract Taiwan government identified the Digital Content Industry (DCI) to be one of the ¡§Strategic Industries¡¨ in 2002, and the Animation Industry is the principal industry of the DCI. With the continuing changing industrial environment, Taiwan animation corporations are facing the business transformation from OEM to brand creation in recent years. This research focuses on finding out the development models of Taiwan animation corporations, investigating the industrial opinions to propose the development strategies of Taiwan animation industry, and examining the principal development strategies of the animation industry in U.S.A, Japan, Canada, and Korea. To implement this research project, I first propose two frameworks for research exploration and then interview the managers of the six representative Taiwan animation corporations which are WANGFILM, CGCG, SMEC, TVBEAN, CMPC, DIGIMAX as case studies. I propose a framework for exploring the development models of the animation corporation by integrating the interaction of four perspectives including the growth process of the corporation, the change process of the corporation, the position of the corporation, and the operational strategies on the important animation projects of the corporation in recent years. I collect the data of these cases to analyze the development models by examining the evolution of the corporations in last five decades. In the ending of chapter four, I examine these development models to find out existing corporate transformation problems and industrial constraints. I investigate the industrial opinions to propose the development strategies of Taiwan animation industry and corporations by an integrated framework examining native existing industrial resources and constraints, and native corporate sustentative competitions and challenges facing the business transformation from OEM to brand creation. In the ending of chapter five, I integrate the results of the interview analysis to propose the integrated development strategies for Taiwan animation industry and corporations. I examine the principal development strategies on the animation industry of the four leading countries, such as U.S.A, Japan, Canada, and Korea. It will refer to how to develop a well-competitive animation industry for Taiwan government. Finally, I propose Taiwan animation corporations some suggestions to how to seek outside resources and to succeed in integrating these resources for achieving their business transformation purposes from OEM to brand creation. Key word¡GDigital Content, Digital Content Industry, Animation,Animation Industry, Development Models, Development Strategies

The Taiwan IC assembly industry was based on foreign IDM to establish the IC factories, who led to assembly, test and quality control technology for the back-end production in 1960. The foundation of Taiwan IC assembly industry is until the first local assembly house was established in 1971. The report studies on the relation between the products R&D strategy and core resources in IC assembly industry. With the one of local companies for sample, studies the R&D strategy on product and its model in rapid growth in the recent 15 years. Hoping the report can contribute to industry in specific R&D strategy, technology enhancement and the further study. Key Word: Semiconductor Packaging¡FR&D Strategy¡FR&D Strategy Development Model¡FLife Cycle

Darbo tikslas - išanalizuoti neįgaliųjų sporto būklę Lietuvoje ir tendencijas pasaulyje bei sukurti neįgaliųjų sporto plėtros modelį, kuris sudarytų sąlygas vystytis neįgaliųjų sportui Lietuvoje. Neįgaliųjų sportas yra žaidžiamas asmenų su negalia, įskaitant fizinę ir protinę negalią. Neįgaliųjų sporto plėtojimo procesas yra ilgas procesas, reikalaujantis daug pastangų. Mūsų šalyje trūksta sporto klubų, kurie būtų pritaikyti neįgaliems asmenims, taip pat kvalifikuotų trenerių, bet ir finansavimas nėra pakankamas. / Aim of the study - to analyze the situation of disabled sport and tendencies in Lithuania and in the world and to create a model of disabled sport development, which could help to develop disabled sport in Lithuania. Disabled sport is playing by people with disability, including a physical and a mental disability. The process of disabled sport development is a long-lasting process, which request a lot of efforts. In our country there is a lack of athletic clubs, which could be tailored to disabled people. We haven't enough qualified coaches and the sponsorship isn't sufficient.

Les deux grands phénomènes contemporains que sont le tourisme et les changements climatiques traversent et questionnent les territoires. Le tourisme comme modèle de développement structure et organise le territoire pour son fonctionnement et permet de créer une activité économique pour la population locale. Quant aux changements climatiques, ils rendent visible la vulnérabilité intrinsèque des territoires en remettant en question la durabilité d'un modèle économique basé sur l'émission de gaz à effet de serre.L'histoire des sports d'hiver français a engendré un modèle de stations spécifique : la station de 3ème génération, exportée à l'étranger depuis les années 1980. Après la Seconde Guerre mondiale, la Tarentaise, en Savoie, devient le laboratoire d'expériences pour le développement de ce type de stations. En 2014 les huit grandes stations de Tarentaise représentent 37 % de la fréquentation des stations de sports d'hiver français (soit 220 stations). Cette recherche doctorale analyse donc la trajectoire territoriale des stations de haute altitude de Tarentaise, comme un modèle de développement à travers ses les évolutions : socioéconomiques, politiques, environnementales et climatiques.Retracer et comprendre les différentes phases de l'implantation d'un modèle de développement sur un territoire permet de questionner sa vulnérabilité et sa résilience face aux changements climatiques.Les politiques climatiques comme la gestion du tourisme sont aujourd'hui territorialisées, comment sont intégrées ces deux dimensions à l'échelle d'un Pays (l'Assemblée Tarentaise-Vanoise) ? Les politiques climatiques territoriales non contraignantes ont-elles la capacité de remettre en cause une économie unique basée sur une ressource naturelle unique : la neige, dont la fiabilité va être de plus en plus problématique ?Dans un premier temps, nous interrogerons les vulnérabilités des modèles de développement et la construction politique du problème climat, à travers le tourisme comme levier de modernisation de la montagne (Chapitre 1), les changements climatiques comme révélateurs des vulnérabilités liées aux modèles de développement (chapitre 2) et les territoires comme l'échelle de pertinence pour l'action politique climatique (chapitre 3). La partie 2 questionnera un modèle de développement alpin à l'intersection entre évolution sociétale et changements climatiques par la création du modèle des stations de 3ème génération et les évolutions de la stratégie touristique (chapitre 5) pour déboucher sur l'analyse de la vulnérabilité des stations de sports d'hiver et la vulnérabilité territoriale (Chapitre 6). Enfin la troisième partie met en avant comment les politiques climatiques territoriales renforcent le tourisme hivernal, par la construction et le renforcement d'une échelle territoriale : la Tarentaise-Vanoise (chapitre 7), celle-ci peut-elle déboucher sur un nouveau modèle ? (Chapitre 8). / Tourism and climate Change are two major contemporary phenomena wicht cross and question territories. The tourism as the model of development structures and organizes the territory for its functioning and allows to create an economic activity for the local population. When climate change, they make visible the intrinsic vulnerability of the territory by questioning the sustainability of an economic model based on the emission of greenhouse gases.The story of the French winter sports has generated Specific Model of resorts: the resort of 3rd generation, Exported abroad since the 1980s. After the Second World War, Tarentaise becomes the laboratory of experiment for the development of this specifique of resorts, even today (in 2014) eight big resorts of Tarentaise represent French 37 % of the attendance of winter sports resorts (that is 220 resorts). This Phd research thus analyzes the territorial trajectory of the resorts of high height of Tarentaise since the 1930s, as a model of development co-built by the evolutions: socioeconomic, political, environmental and climatic.To Trace and understand the different phases of the implementation of a development model on territory, allows to question its vulnerability and resilience to climate change.Climate policies such as tourism management are now territorialized, how these two dimensions are integrated at the level of a regional (Assembly Tarentaise-Vanoise) ? Non-binding territorialized climate policies, have they ability to question a only economy based on a only natural resource: the snow, the reliability is going to be increasingly problematic.First, we will examine the vulnerabilities of development models and climate problem political construction, through tourism as mountain modernization lever (Chapter 1) climate change as indicative of the development models as revelations vulnerabilities (Chapter 2) and the territories as relevance scale climate for political action (Chapter 3). Part 2 will question an Alpine development model at the intersection between societal evolution and climate change through the creation of the third-generation model of the stations and changes in the tourism strategy (Chapter 5) to lead the analysis of the vulnerability of ski resorts and territorial vulnerability (Chapter 6). Finally, the third section highlights how local climate policies strengthen winter tourism by building and strengthening a territorial level: the Tarentaise-Vanoise (Chapter 7), it can it lead to a new model? (Chapter 8).

Os modelos de simulação devem ser ajustados para que os valores dos parâmetros e variáveis de entrada forneçam resultados que melhor representem os valores observados. Assim, face às imprecisões a que estão sujeitos os resultados obtidos a partir do ajuste, há a necessidade de implementar métodos que permitam a avaliação das incertezas, quer seja nos parâmetros de cultura ou nas variáveis de entrada do modelo. Tem-se, para a cana-de-açúcar, que a máxima produtividade de açúcar ocorre no momento em que a Pol e a biomassa de colmos (TCH) são potencializados. Sendo assim, este trabalho objetivou: (i) testar a aderência de três distribuições de probabilidade (normal, gama e Weibull) aos dados diários de temperaturas média do ar e radiação solar global, em Piracicaba, SP; (ii) simular as variáveis temperatura do ar e radiação solar global por intermédio das distribuições normal bivariada, gama e Weibull, e a precipitação por intermédio da distribuição gama; (iii) propor um modelo, utilizando abordagem determinística para a variedade de interesse, para caracterizar a variação temporal do crescimento de biomassa seca de cana-de-açúcar e estimar a ordem de magnitude do período útil de industrialização (PUI), do dia de ocorrência do valor máximo da produtividade de sacarose (expressa em TPH) e das produtividades potencial e deplecionada de cana-de-açúcar, em dois ambientes de produção; (iv) estimar as variações das produtividades potencial, deplecionada por água e TPH (ciclo cana planta) por intermédio de procedimento estocástico para os elementos do clima (temperatura, radiação fotossinteticamente ativa e precipitação). As simulações utilizando as distribuições normal bivariada e gama são apropriadas por representarem melhor os elementos do clima; o modelo para a estimação das produtividades potencial, deplecionada e de sacarose apresentou resultados satisfatórios quanto aos objetivos propostos (abordagem determinística); o desempenho das variações das produtividades ocorreu de forma semelhante, no que se refere a magnitude de valores, para as simulações utilizando as distribuições normal bivariada e gama, e apresentou tendência de superestimar os valores das produtividades, para a simulação utilizando a distribuição Weibull (abordagem estocástica dos elementos do clima). / Simulation models should be adjusted by values of parameters and input variables in order to provide results that best represent the observed values. Thus, due to inaccuracies that are subject the adjustment´s results, it is necessary to implement methods for uncertainties evaluation for either, the parameters of the culture or input variables of the model. For the sugarcane, the maximum productivity of sugar occurs when both, Pol and biomass of stems (TCH) are the maximum. The aims of this study were: (i) to verify the adherence of three probability distributions (normal, gama and Weibull) to the daily data of average air temperature and solar radiation, in Piracicaba, SP; (ii) to simulate the variables air temperature and solar radiation through the bivariate normal, gama and Weibull distributions, and precipitation through the gama distribution; (iii) to propose a model, by using deterministic approach to the genotype of interest, to characterize the temporal variation in dry matter growth of sugarcane estimating the magnitude order of the useful period of industrialization, the date of occurrence in maximum sucrose yield (expressed by TPH) and the sugarcane potential and depleted productivity, in two production environments; (iv) to estimate the variability of potential, depleted by water and TPH (sugarcane plant cycle) through a stochastic procedure for the climate elements (temperature, photosynthetically active radiation and precipitation). The simulations by using bivariate normal and gama distributions are appropriate to better represent the climate elements; the model to estimate potential, depleted and sucrose productivity showed satisfactory results for the proposed objectives (deterministic approach); yield variability was similar, as regard the magnitude of values, for the simulations by using bivariate normal and gama distributions and it presented a tendency to overestimate the productivity for simulations by using Weibull distribution (stochastic approach of climate elements).

The Stage-gate model has long been used in product development. Alternatives to Stage-gate such as Design Thinking and other models have been developed which are flexible and consider users’ needs early on and thus they could be more suitable for medical device development. This research aims to study and map how medical device development is treated in the existing research literature. This master thesis will focus on product development concerning medical devices. This research aims to conduct a narrative literature review. Data collection here is a set of articles which were collected through a database, which will be used for further analysis concerning how different approaches of models are being utilized in product development, with a specific focus on the healthcare sector. The goal of the literature review was to study what models have been utilized in the development has previously been utilized in the development of medical devices. Other possible alternatives besides conducting a narrative literature review are conducting one or several cases with interviews or surveys with companies. Data collection is limited approximately in the last 15 years (2005 – present), the lookup in the database was based on keywords applied in the research area. The database used for this research is Scopus. Articles chosen were selected also from the Scopus database. The ethical implications based on our findings here are identifying types of product development models that have been utilized by medical companies in the healthcare sector. Based on the review, we can identify several different product development models. Stage-gate and Design Thinking are not the most popular models utilized in the product development process. We classify the models based on elements, the element of the models here are divided into 3 categories which are based on requirements, they are; Regulatory Aspect, Process Workflow Aspect, and Collaboration Aspect. The regulatory aspect mainly concerns administrative affairs and how the system as an entity can control the regulation regarding medical device development. The Process Workflow Aspect, this element is based on a direct approach toward medical device development in terms of phases. The Collaboration aspect, this aspect addresses the stakeholders’ role in policy and decision-making regarding the production of medical devices. Stage-gate and Design Thinking are not the main models utilized in medical device development, other than that, various models are implemented in the healthcare sector, this means other models becoming alternatives and have been utilized and developed in the product development process. Other models besides Stage-gate and Design Thinking are alternatives which do not have significant changes and are just modified forms from the existing ones.

Critics of youth sports in the United States have lamented a system that creates issues of access and could be detrimental to the physical and mental health of its young participants. In response to these concerns, USA Hockey, using Long Term Athlete Development Theory (LTAD) as a key theoretical framework, created the American Development Model (ADM) to improve the delivery of youth hockey in the US. While USA Hockey has invested greatly in bringing ADM to scale across its constituents, it is not known to what extent the model is being implemented in its member organizations. Implementation fidelity of a prescribed treatment or curriculum is tied to better outcomes. This study leverages key concepts of program evaluation theory and survey development to produce a valid and reliable survey instrument that can be used to assess the implementation fidelity of ADM at the 12U age group across the nation. A survey instrument was developed through three waves of development. The first wave included local pilot testing and cognitive interviews. The second wave including a regional sample and utilized factor analysis coupled with item analysis to improve the instrument and to create composite scores of key constructs. The third and final wave included a national sample of 214 parents of 12U hockey players. The results of the survey produce psychometric properties indicating good reliability and validity of the instrument including face and content validity, internal reliability, and factor analysis. Analysis of composite scores for each construct of the model identified strong implementation of much of the on-ice components but was lacking in other areas such as physical development and mental skill development. The final ADM scale demonstrated statistically significant positive associations with two subscales of the Athlete Engagement Questionnaire, further validating the study and demonstrating an important association with the delivery model to key outcomes. The study concludes with a discussion of ADM’s implementation fidelity and policy recommendations regarding how the ADM curriculum may be improved given key findings.

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The principal's role has evolved over the past two decades with the accountability demands that are forcing changes in school practices. In the age of school reform, the principal of the twenty-first century must provide the structure; resources and support that schools need to succeed. Research indicated that successful school leadership makes important contributions to the improvement of student learning (Leithwood & Riehl, 2003). One common trait identified that principals consistently demonstrate when exercising leadership is highly developed communication skills (Gurr, Drysdale, & Mulford, 2006). Some principals are finding it increasingly difficult to meet the needs of all students, reduce the achievement gap, find viable strategies for reaching adequate yearly progress, and have chosen to address these critical concerns by implementing school reform models. The purpose of this qualitative case study was to examine the characteristics of the principal's communication in the operation of the Comer School Development model. The Comer School Development model's emphasis on certain conditions improved the characteristics of the principal's communication with all stakeholders. This information can be beneficial to principals in any school as well as a Comer School Development model to improve school effectiveness. Data collection included: (a) descriptive data, (b) one principal interview, (c) focus group (n=6) (d) seven observations, (e) and the results discussed in themes. / Ph. D.