Master of Regional and Community Planning / Department of Landscape Architecture/Regional and Community Planning / Jason Brody / As effects of social and environmental conflicts perpetuate globally, fewer nations in the world appear to be at settled peace. The on-set of natural disasters and socio-political conflicts continue to force the United States Government to be increasingly called upon to provide resources that secure unstable regions during times of conflict. One method the government uses to securing its international neighbors is through the deployment of US Army reconstruction teams. These teams assist in transforming a negatively impacted foreign nation into a peaceful and functioning sovereignty within itself and its region; however, in order to begin reconstruction and engage in long term stability for the best interest of the host-nation, the Army must scrutinize current decision-making techniques to assure that basic human rights are instilled and local inhabitants have a means to sustain those efforts. This research sets out to define a planning model which supplements Army doctrine concerning post-conflict reconstruction, mainly FM 3-07 Stability Operations. It looks to incorporate academia, professional experience, and government resources with indigenous leadership in order to define a process to reconstruct infrastructure for a foreign nation during a time of need. More importantly, it looks to enforce those measures which endorse the basic human rights of society to instill security in post-conflict regions.

SAMMANFATTNING Det som projektledaren behöver tänka på vid planeringen av ett projekt är att uppnå beställarens krav på byggnaden och att skapa en bra samordning mellan de olika aktörerna som är inblandade i projektet. Dessutom måste projektledaren se till att projektet följer tidplanen och att budgeten inte överstiger de bestämda ramarna. Därför ligger ett stort fokus på att projektledaren har bra grundkunskaper och tillräcklig kompetens samt kunskap. För att uppnå det optimala resultat som behövs för att kunna planera och strukturera projektet så smidigt som möjligt. Detta arbete undersöker vilken kompetensutveckling och kunskap som behövs för att projektingenjören ska utveckla sina färdigheter i projektledning. En av de kärnfrågor som tas upp i intervjuerna är ”Vad kännetecknar en projektledare med låg respektive hög kompetens?” och ”Hur bedrivs kompetensutveckling för de anställda inom WSP?” De mål som ska uppnås i detta arbete är att belysa vikten av kompetensutveckling och erfarenhetsåterföring. Resultaten av undersökningen har sammanställts i en handbok som beskriver vad en projektingenjör behöver fokusera på för att bli allt mer kompetent och utvecklas effektivare till en projektledare. För att kunna uppnå dessa mål genomfördes en litteraturstudie för att få en bättre uppfattning av projektledarens roll. En mer detaljerad studie av projektingenjörens respektive projektledarens arbetsuppgifter gjordes. För att komplettera litteraturstudien genomfördes en datasökning via internet. Därefter utfördes en intervju med 5 projektledare och 5 projektingenjörer för att jämföra teori med praktik. Utifrån de intervjuades svar och litteraturstudiens resultat skapades en handbok som beskriver vad projektingenjören behöver utveckla för att bli en effektivare projektledare. Examensarbetes slutsats visar att kompetensutveckling i grund och botten är bunden till den enskilda individens motivation till att utvecklas. Varje enskild individ har sina egna mål och de är stimulerade av varierande motivationsfaktorer. Några individer har som mål att bli VD för ett företag, medan andra är nöjda med deras nuvarande position och det innebär att alla projektingenjörer/ projektledare inte strävar efter en ständig utveckling. Uppsatsens huvudfråga var: ”Vilken kompetensutveckling behövs för att projektingenjör ska utveckla sina färdigheter i projektledning?”. Resultaten visar att utan att lära sig av de fel och problem som tidigare gjorts samt göra egna nya misstag kan inte en projektingenjör utvecklas eller bli effektivare. Andra typer av vinster är tid som kommer att minska för att lösa vissa ständigt uppkommande problem med hjälp av kunskaper från tidigare liknande projekt. Genom att dra nytta av denna kunskap och inneha en bra erfarenhetsåterföring kan det bli enklare att hitta en effektiv lösning och på så sätt minska onödiga tidsförluster. / This thesis presents a study of competence and knowledge needs of project engineers to be able to manage projects successfully. The aim of the thesis is to identify how to feedback competences and experiences into the project management process. The guidebook provides guidance to what a project engineer needs to focus on to become more skilled and to become a more effective project manager. A literature study was performed to get a better understanding of the project manager's role. A detailed study was performed on the duties of project engineers and project managers. The literature study was based on books and reports as well as an information research by the Internet. An interview with five project managers and five project engineers was conducted to compare theory with practice. Based on the respondents' answers and the results from the literature study a handbook outlining what the project engineer can do to improve their project management skills. The thesis concludes that competence development depends on individual motivation. Every individual have their own goals and they are stimulated by different motivational factors. Some aims high to become CEO for a company, while other are satisfied with their positions and it doesn’t mean that all project engineer / project manager strives for continuous development. The main question of the thesis was: "What skills are needed for project engineers to develop their skills in project management?”. The results of the thesis show that without learning from their mistakes and problems that were made in previous project and by making their own mistakes the project engineer will not develop or become a more efficient project manager. By learning from experiences from previous projects the project engineer can save significant time when facing similar problems in new projects. Recording and using this knowledge may contribute to more effective solutions and thus reducing time lost unnecessarily.

The Open Source Software Development (OSSD) model has launched products in rapid succession and with high quality, without following traditional quality practices of accepted software development models (Raymond 1999). Some OSSD projects challenge established quality assurance approaches, claiming to be successful through partial contrary techniques of standard software development. However, empirical studies of quality assurance practices for Open Source Software (OSS) are rare (Glass 2001). Therefore, further research is required to evaluate the quality assurance processes and methods within the OSSD model. The aim of this research is to improve the understanding of quality assurance practices under the OSSD model. The OSSD model is characterised by a collaborative, distributed development approach with public communication, free participation, free entry to the project for newcomers and unlimited access to the source code. The research examines applied quality assurance practices from a process view rather than from a product view. The research follows ideographic and nomothetic methodologies and adopts an antipositivist epistemological approach. An empirical research of applied quality assurance practices in OSS projects is conducted through the literature research. The survey research method is used to gain empirical evidence about applied practices. The findings are used to validate the theoretical knowledge and to obtain further expertise about practical approaches. The findings contribute to the development of a quality assurance framework for standard OSSD approaches. The result is an appropriate quality model with metrics that the requirements of the OSSD support. An ideographic approach with case studies is used to extend the body of knowledge and to assess the feasibility and applicability of the quality assurance framework. In conclusion, the study provides further understanding of the applied quality assurance processes under the OSSD model and shows how a quality assurance framework can support the development processes with guidelines and measurements.

縱觀我國資訊軟體產業發展至現在存在著規模偏小、資金不足、市場受限等問題。在這種情況之下，如何司法國際，合作或是策略聯盟來解決諸多問題。 本研究以國內資訊軟體產業發展為主要研究對象，期望探討我國資訊軟體產業的發展策略與方向。研究目標為探討我國資訊軟體產業的現階段現象、關鍵優勢及未來的發展利基。 首先透過全球重要國家的資訊軟體產業現況分析與競爭策略做分析，在分析後發現我國資訊軟體產業的發展要素可能會受到政府策略、人才培育計劃、市場需求三個要素所影響。之後本研究根據五大重要國家愛爾蘭、以色列、印度、南韓及大陸的發展模式進行分析推論，發現不同國家的資訊軟體策略與發展重點均不相同，並佐以IDC全球資料分析建構出三個重點，分別是我國軟體產業發展策略、資訊教育系統人才培育計劃、政府整體資訊政策。 希望由這些國家過去及現在的經驗中分析出對我國資訊軟體產業有幫助的方向。本研究希望能夠參考這些國家的經驗，將該國家的相關資訊基本資料及資訊軟體業現況做一分析及探討，並研究其資訊策略的形成運用現況及效果。 / In Taiwan, the software industry is facing problems like scalability, insufficient funding and restricted markets for the past years. To solve such problems, we need cooperation or strategic alley from global experiences. Our research is target at the software industry development in Taiwan. We hope to find out the development strategies and directions for the software industry. Our objectives are to analyze the current status of the software industry and to find out the critical advantages and inches for future development. We choose five countries well-known for their software industry as our analysis base. These countries are Ireland, Israel, India, South Korea and Mainland China. From their experiences, we find out three critical factors for the software industry including the government strategies, human resource incubation plans and market needs. Based on IDC global data and our analysis, we conclude that different countries have different software development strategies. Moreover, we recommend three key points for the software industry development in Taiwan. The three key points are software industry development strategy, information-related education and national wide software policy. In this research, we analyze some well-known countries for their past and current software experiences. We investigate their software industry polices and strategies. Then, we conclude some critical factors for the software industry in Taiwan. We hope that our conclusion points out some useful directions for the software industry in Taiwan.

Baigiamajame magistro darbe nagrinėjama Klaipėdos miesto istorinio centro prieigų erdvinės struktūros ir kompozicijos tobulinimo principai. Pagrindinis darbo tikslas – teritorijos, esančios šalia transporto mazgo ir geležinkelio linijos, potencialo išryškinimas miesto kontekste bei artikuliuotos urbanistinės struktūros sukūrimas. Identifikuojami vertingi ir nevertingi miesto plano struktūros elementai, jų poveikis nagrinėjamai teritorijai. Sprendžiamos susisiekimo, erdvinio karkaso formavimo problemos. Vykdoma naujų traukos objektų paieška. Remiantis atlikta urbanistine analize, pasaulinių analogų tyrimu, pateikiamas galimas plėtros modelis. Akcentuojant transporto mazgą, geležinkelio liniją, upės pakrantę ir svarbiausias trasas, kompozicinėmis priemonėmis pateikiama teritorijos urbanistinė koncepcija ir detalizuojamo komplekso architektūrinė išraiška. Siūlomas naujas visuomeninis miesto traukos centras – stočių terminalas, – kuris diktuoja teritorijos užstatymo paskirtį, susisiekimo ir viešųjų erdvių organizavimo galimybes. Detalizuojamas urbanistinis-architektūrinis akcentas – stočių terminalas. Baigiamojo darbo rezultatas - nauja nagrinėjamos teritorijos urbanistinės struktūros, įprasminančios Klaipėdos miesto istorinio centro prieigas, koncepcija. Darbo pabaigoje pateikiamos išvados ir rekomendacijos. / The thesis examines the accesses of historical center of Klaipeda city, its spatial structure and development of the new principles of composition. The main aim of the work is to articulate the urban structure of the territory situated near the transport hub, railway lines and to highlight its potential of urban context in Klaipėda‘s city.Identifying useful and lightweight structural elements of the urban plan and its impact on the site, forming spatial structure and transportation problems, ongoing search for new attractions highlights the possibilities of concept. The possible development model derives from the urban analysis and the global analogue of the investigation. The concept, its composite means of urban areas and the architectural idea is based on the main elements such as transport hub, the railway lines, river coastline and the main roads. The proposed new civic center of gravity - the station terminal - applies opportunities to organize the use of the transportation and public spaces in the territory. The urban-architectural accent - the station terminal - is detailed. Final result is a concept of a new urban structure of the site, which represents the access to Klaipeda city's historical center in the new point of wiev. In the end the conclusions and recommendations.

Au départ modèle politique occidental, la décentralisation est érigée, dans les années 1990, en modèle de développement puis, à partir de 2000, en outil de la lutte contre la pauvreté. Le modèle est, depuis, financé et transféré dans les pays en développement, censé être levier d’une bonne gouvernance et d’une paix sociale. Cependant, malgré 25 ans d’efforts pour l’instauration du modèle, à Madagascar et Haïti, la décentralisation n’est toujours pas effective. Plus globalement, les deux pays se caractérisent par une instabilité chronique, un faux-semblant de démocratie, une aggravation de la pauvreté et un maintien ou creusement des inégalités. Comment expliquer ce paradoxe? Si le modèle de décentralisation continue d’être transféré et reçu, malgré les objectifs manqués, c’est qu’il sert des intérêts officieux d’acteurs du Sud… et du Nord. De plus, nous considérons que c’est le transfert du modèle lui-même qui est source de dysfonctionnement. En donnant l’opportunité à de nouveaux acteurs d’accéder au pouvoir, il multiplie les sources de conflits et stimule des jeux et enjeux de pouvoir locaux. Nous proposons de décrire les profils des acteurs du Sud, visibles et invisibles, qui s’approprient le modèle et de décoder leurs stratégies de captation de pouvoir. Qui sont-ils? Comment arrivent-ils à entretenir le système tout en le freinant? Comment instrumentalisent-ils le modèle pour en tirer parti? Quels sont leurs objectifs? Quelles sont leurs stratégies d’alliance, et qui est en conflit avec qui? Plus largement, il s’agira de comprendre comment ces jeux s’articulent avec ceux des acteurs du Nord pour conduire au maintien du transfert d’un modèle dysfonctionnel, à l’entretien de l’hégémonie de certains, et à (re)créer des tensions menant aux crises. Le système tourne sans cesse, l’échec justifiant l’intervention de l’aide et l’apport d’un nouveau modèle. Un cercle vicieux. Quelque chose fonctionne malgré tout, mais aux dépens des populations ciblées. Ce paradoxe constitue une opportunité de remettre en question l’approche de l’aide au développement par transfert de modèle uniformisé. / Originally a western political model, decentralization became a development model and a tool in the fight against poverty between 1990 and 2000. The model has since been massively financed and transferred to developing countries, as it was expected to be a lever of good governance and social peace. However, despite 25 years of efforts to establish the model in Haiti and Madagascar, decentralization is still not efficient. More generally, the two countries are characterized by chronic instability, a false pretence of democracy, an aggravation of poverty and maintained or increased inequalities. How can we explain this paradox? Decentralization continues to be transferred and received despite consistently missing the mark because it serves unofficial interests of actors from the South…and the North. Moreover, we consider that the model’s transfer itself is at the source of its malfunctioning. As it facilitates access to power for new stakeholders, it multiplies the sources of conflicts and foments local power games. We offer a profile of Southern stakeholders, visible and invisible, who appropriate the model and aim to decode theirs strategies of power capture. Who are they? How can they maintain the system and simultaneously sabotage it? How do they turn the model into their own tool? What are their goals? What are their strategies in terms of alliances and conflicts? More broadly, we would like to show how these power games relate to Northern realities and lead to the persistent transfer of a dysfunctional model, the preservation of a small hegemony, and the (re)creation of tensions which can lead to crises. This system is ongoing: the crises justify external aid intervention and the input of a new model. In this vicious circle something does functions, but at the expense of the target population. This paradox offers an opportunity to question the aid approach based on the transfer of a standardized model.

Despite decades of scholarly scrutiny, the politico-economic exploits of vikings in and around the Frankish realm (c. 750-940 CE) remain - to a considerable extent - obscured by the constraints of a fragmentary and biased corpus of (near-)contemporary evidence, conveying the impression that these movements were capricious, haphazard, and gratuitous in character. For this reason, rather than selectively assessing individual instances of regional Franco-Scandinavian interaction, the present study approaches the available interdisciplinary data on a cumulative and conceptual level, and combines this with the innovative use of GIS to detect and define overall spatiotemporal patterns of viking activity. Set against a backdrop of continuous commerce and knowledge exchange, this overarching survey demonstrates the existence of a relatively uniform, sequential framework of wealth extraction, encampment, and political engagement, within which Scandinavian fleets operated as adaptable, ambulant polities - or 'hydrarchies'. By delineating and visualising this framework, a four-phased conceptual development model of hydrarchic conduct and consequence is established, whose validity is substantiated by its application to three distinct regional case studies: the lower Rhine-Meuse-Scheldt Basin, the Seine Basin, and the Loire Basin. As well as facilitating the deductive analysis of viking activity for which primary evidence has thus far been ambiguous or altogether absent, the parameters of this abstract model affirm that Scandinavian movements across Francia were the result of prudent and expedient decision-making processes, contingent on exchanged intelligence, cumulative experience, and the ongoing individual and collective need for socioeconomic subsistence and enrichment.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T14:22:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carlos Olavo de Azevedo Camacho JUnior.pdf: 1515509 bytes, checksum: aabcef2f95f84d9a72db1a2c9b9aff85 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-05-18 / This research aims to verify how application projects can help the software developer professional to acquire knowledge about the 3-tier development model. Nowadays companies want to prove that their services are accomplished with the best quality standards of information technology. To do that many tools are created and a special one is called IDE Integrated Development Environment. An IDE allows the software developer professional to bring efficacy into his project. We will discuss what skills are important to this professional. This research will analyze the question: Why do companies based on information technology like to use processes with patterns? To demonstrate the importance of patterns in technology field, we search the Internet history (Vint Cert, Demi Getsko) to discuss the patterns used in Internet history. We have written articles about .NET development to demonstrate how to use patterns in a software development project. This research originated a book titled "Desenvolvimento em Camadas com C# .NET (available in portuguese only)" who was used by IFET-SP students in a study. We´ll analyze this study to get indicators about the efficiency of application project in the educational process of the software developer professionals / O trabalho de pesquisa realizado tem como objetivo geral conhecer em que medida o desenvolvedor de software - estudante de um curso técnico de informática - pode se beneficiar com a utilização de um projeto de aplicação para a assimilação da metodologia de desenvolvimento em camadas. Atualmente empresas de desenvolvimento de software buscam excelência na prestação de serviços. Com isso acompanhamos o surgimento de diversas ferramentas para o aumento de produtividade. Dentre elas destaca-se a IDE (Integrated Development Environment - Ambiente de Desenvolvimento Integrado) e conhecer essas ferramentas torna-se essencial para este profissional. Mas o conjunto de competências (Perrenoud, Le Boterf) exigidas pelo profissional desenvolvedor de software não se restringe aos aspectos técnicos. Analisamos neste trabalho quais as competências necessárias ao profissional de desenvolvimento de software. Essa análise tem base no pensamento complexo de Edgar Morin. Visando demonstrar ainda a importância dos padrões quando se trata de tecnologia, buscamos na história da própria Internet (Vint Cert, Demi Getsko) exemplos para analisar a necessidade de padronização. Pesquisamos um padrão denominado "metodologia de desenvolvimento em camadas". Para analisar com maior profundidade a importância dos padrões, criamos neste trabalho um material didático (projeto LOJA .NET) que permitiu ao aluno exercitar conceitos sobre desenvolvimento de software. Tendo analisado as competências exigidas para o profissional de desenvolvimento de software bem como a importância do uso de padrões nesta profissão, analisamos se o projeto LOJA .NET contribui com este profissional no uso de suas habilidades e competências para compreender como utilizar padrões no processo de desenvolvimento de software. Com o apoio do IFET-SP Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de São Paulo realizamos uma pesquisa qualitativa onde alunos do curso técnico em informática utilizaram o projeto proposto. Utilizar conhecimentos que o aluno já possui; conhecer o que este aluno é capaz de fazer com a ajuda do professor ou de outro aluno e atuar nesse intervalo, ou seja, no caminho que o aluno vai percorrer até que consiga realizar sozinho o que atualmente só consegue realizar com o auxílio de alguém são conceitos advindos da teoria de Vygotsky. Com a análise desta pesquisa buscamos identificar a relevância do uso de projetos de aplicação na formação do profissional de desenvolvimento de software

No description available.

Funding is one of the most critical resources high potential technology startup (HPTS) ventures need to achieve success. Some startup founders lack access to capital, a critical resource for HPTS founders to create value for customers and capture value for their organizations. Capital constraints can hinder business performance, endanger growth and the ability to grow and scale into the global markets. This multiple case study explored the strategies HPTS firms used to access capital to grow and scale into global markets. Mishra's venture capital investment model and Blank's customer development model served as the conceptual framework for this study. Data were collected from semistructured face-to-face interviews, direct observations, member checking, and a reflective journal. Participants were selected using a purposive sampling of 5 founders from the Silicon Valley of California, who were involved in equity finance decisions in the last 5 years. Yin's 5-step data analysis plan was used in the final data analysis. Eight themes emerged from the study: capital constraint; identification of potential investors; collaboration, guidance, and support; investment potential; investment thesis; measurement of success; passion and preparedness; and prevention of stock dilution. The findings of this study have implications for positive social change. HPTS ventures can use the study findings to gain approval of investment proposals and increase ventures that create value for customers and for the organizations.