Students are referred to alternative schools such as the Disciplinary Alternative Education Program (DAEP) for violations against the student code of conduct. Students who are referred and attend DAEPs are more likely to make failing grades and drop out of school permanently. However, a lack of understanding existed about why some students repeatedly receive referrals to the DAEP.The purpose of this case study was to gain an understanding about why some students are repeatedly being sent to the DAEP in a school district in north central Texas. The conceptual framework was based on Catalano and Hawkins' social development theory which posited that through consistent socialization, children learn prosocial or antisocial behavior patterns from the social units to which they are bonded. In this study, 14 purposefully selected classroom teachers participated in one-on-one conversational interviews to explore teachers' perceptions about why some students are repeatedly sent to the DAEP. Inductive analysis was used for coding and identifying emerging concepts, themes, and events. Six major themes emerged from analysis of the data: school structure, classroom/behavior management, class size, student labeling, extracurricular activities, and teacher-student relationships. The results illustrate the need for changes to disciplinary policies, new transition procedures, and improved staff training. This study may contribute to positive social change by suggesting strategies that schools could use to decrease the number of referrals to the DAEP. In turn, by decreasing the number of referrals school failure and dropout rates would decrease and as a result enable youth to eventually become productive members of society.

Darbe buvo siekiama nustatyti paauglių priklausomybę sukeliančių medžiagų vartojimo sąsajas su šeimos, bendraamžių ir asmeniniais veiksniais. Tyrime dalyvavo 290 dviejų Vilniaus ir keturių Telšių vidurinių bei pagrindinių mokyklų (16 – 18 metų amžiaus) mokinių. Tyrime naudota anketa, kurią sudaro klausimai apie alkoholio ir kitų priklausomybę sukeliančių medžiagų vartojimo dažnumą, alkoholio ir kitų narkotikų vartojimo rizikingumui įvertinti naudojama Knight, Sherritt ir kt. (2002) parengta Crafft skalė. Paauglių priklausomybę sukeliančių medžiagų vartojimo šeimos, bendraamžių ir asmeniniai veiksniai matuojami klausimynu sudarytu, remiantis Hawkins, Catalano (1992) metodikos “Bendruomenės, kurios rūpinasi, jaunimo klausimynas” (angl. Communities That Care Youth Survey) šeimos, bendraamžių ir asmenine skalėmis. Pagal tyrimo rezultatus, paauglių alkoholio nevartojimo arba reto vartojimo galimybę didino mažiau išreikštas aštrių pojūčių siekimas, mažiau išreikštas psichoaktyvias medžiagas vartojančių draugų veiksnys, mažiau išreikštos palankios nuostatos į psichoaktyvių medžiagų vartojimą, iš šeimos veiksnių – mažiau išreikštos tėvų palankios nuostatos į psichoaktyvių medžiagų vartojimą. Kitų nei alkoholis ir tabakas medžiagų nebandymo galimybę didino mažiau išreikštas aštrių pojūčių siekimas, mažiau išreikštas psichoaktyvias medžiagas vartojančių draugų veiksnys, mažiau išreikštos palankios nuostatos į psichoaktyvių medžiagų vartojimą ir labiau išreikštas psichoaktyvių medžiagų... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The aim of the study was to assess adolescent substance use association with individual, peer, family factor. The subjects of the study were 290 adolescent (age 16-18) from two schools in Vilnius and four schools in Telšiai. Study questionnaire contains questions about alcohol and other substance use frequency. For evaluation of risks of alcohol and other substance use Knight, Sherritt et al. (2002) prepared Crafft scale was used. Adolescent addictive substance use family, peer and individual factors are measured by questionnaire based on Hawkins, Catalan (1992) questionnaire - Communities That Care Youth Survey family, peer and individual scales. According to the results of the research, adolescents no or low alcohol use possibility was increased by lower expression of sensation seeking, by lower expression of friends’ use of drugs factor, by lower expression of favourable attitudes towards drug use, from family factors - lower expression of favourable parental attitudes favourable towards drug use. Possibility of not trying other then alcohol and tobacco substances was increased by lower expression of sensation seeking, by lower expression of friends’ use of drugs factor, by lower expression of favourable attitudes towards drug use and higher expression of perceived risks of drug use, also by female sex. Non risky alcohol and other substance use possibility was increased by lower expression of sensation seeking, by lower expression of friends’ use of drugs factor, by lower... [to full text]

Ur ett företagsekonomiskt perspektiv finns det ett stort intresse av att utveckla innovativa tjänster då forskning visar att det skapar hållbara konkurrensfördelar. Fastighetsföretag arbetar med tjänsteutveckling för att fylla sina fastigheter och arbetar tätt ihop med sina kunder där efterfrågan styr utvecklingsprocessen. Föreliggande studie testar Wang & Tsais (2012) tjänsteutvecklingsmodell där metoderna tjänstekartläggning, ‘service blueprint’ och ‘axiomatic design’ utgör verktyg för fastighetsföretag. Med dessa metoder ska företaget identifiera kundernas behov och leverera en ny tjänst som uppfyller både interna och externa krav. Genom innovativ tjänsteutvecklingsprocess minskar på så sätt gapet mellan kunders förväntningar om vad företaget kan erbjuda för tjänster och fastighetsbolags uppfattningar om vilket behov kunderna har. Med denna utgångspunkt utformades studiens forskningsfrågor; -     Vilka tjänster kan fastighetsföretagen erbjuda för att matcha den efterfrågan som ställs av nyetablerade entreprenörer? -          Hur kan fastighetsföretag genom ’service blueprinting’, i ett nära samarbete med kunden, skapa innovativa tjänster med en långsiktig plan för lokalkontrakt? -          Hur arbetar fastighetsföretag med ’axiomatic design methodology’, för att konstruera tjänster som efterfrågas av nyetablerade entreprenörer, och på så sätt skapa hållbara konkurrensfördelar? / From a business perspective, there is a considerable interest in developing innovative services, as research shows that it creates sustainable competitive advantage. Real estate companies are working with service development to fill their properties and work closely with their customers where demand determines the development process. The present study tests the Wang & Tsai (2012) service development model where the methods service mapping, service blueprint and axiomatic design provides tools for real estate companies. With these methods, the company shall identify customer needs and deliver a new service that meets both internal and external requirements. Through innovative service development process, the gap between customers’ expectations of what services the company can offer and the real estate companies’ perceptions of what needs the customers have decreases. On this basis, the research questions of the study were designed; -          What services can property companies offer to match the demand made by newly established entrepreneurs? -          How can the real estate company through service blueprinting, in a close cooperation with the customer, create innovative service with a long-term plan for local contracts? -          How do real estate companies work with axiomatic design methodology, to construct the services demanded by newly established entrepreneurs, and thus create sustainable competitive advantage?

Computer games are considered as powerful tools to learning and they have a potential for educational use. However, the lack of available comprehensive design paradigms and well-designed research studies about the question of &ldquo / how to&rdquo / incorporate games into learning environments is still a question, despite more than 30 years&rsquo / existence of computer games and simulations in the instructional design movement. Setting off from these issues, a formative research study is designed to propose an instructional design/development model, which may be used for creation of game-like learning environments. Eighteen undergraduate students from Computer Education and Instructional Technology Department in METU participated to the study. Data collection lasted for three months and data were collected through interviews, observations and the artifacts that the participants produced. After the data analysis, it was found that the phases of the instructional design/development process should not be separate, strictly bounded, and processing a linear manner. Depending on these results and with the inspiration from fuzzy logic, an instructional design/development model for creating game-like environments, which is called as &ldquo / FID&lt / sup&gt / 2&lt / /sup&gt / GE model&rdquo / is proposed.

Cette étude s'intéresse aux effets de la température sur le développement de la canne à sucre et le potentiel d'expansion de cette culture au sein de nouvelles zones géographiques. En particulier, elle vise à caractériser les stades de développement de la plante durant lesquels les basses températures agissent afin d'extrapoler des zones géographiques d'adaptation. Un travail plus particulier est engagé sur l'effet des basses températures en condition d'altitude tropicales dans Les Hauts de La Réunion. L'implantation en cycle de plantation est identifiée comme une étape très importante pour les cultures de canne, et pour la culture dans les Hauts en particulier, car elle conditionne non seulement la date de première récolte et son niveau mais elle a un impact sur le cycle de repousse. Les expérimentations ont lieu à la fois en milieu contrôlé (chambre climatique et serre) et en conditions réelles (champs à différentes altitudes). Une étude méthodologique sur la qualité du matériel végétal est réalisée pour valider les conditions d'expérimentation. Cette étude montre que des expérimentations de débourrement de bourgeons peuvent être réalisées avec des boutures d'un seul bourgeon, de taille réduite. Les comparaisons de débourrement à différentes températures nécessitent d'utiliser des boutures triées, saines, et homogènes, c'est-à-dire provenant de la partie médiane de la tige-mère. Les bourgeons de la partie supérieure (entrenœuds non consolidés à croissance non terminée) et ceux issus de la base de la plante devront être écartés. L'influence de la température est quantifiée sur différentes variétés lors de la phase de débourrement-levée, puis au cours des stades de développement suivants jusqu'à la fermeture du couvert végétal. La température influence considérablement sur le processus de débourrement. Le modèle thermique élaboré, bien que limité à une gamme de températures, prédit de façon satisfaisante la levée à température constante et permet de quantifier les différences variétales observées. Les expérimentations au champ révèlent des différences dans les dynamiques d'émission et de croissance des tiges et de mise en place de la surface foliaire, non seulement entre sites d'altitude différente mais aussi entre variétés. La température joue un rôle majeur dans cette différenciation. De plus, selon le processus étudié, le classement des variétés suivant leurs performances n'est pas strictement identique d'un site à l'autre. Ce constat révèle l'intérêt d'approfondir l'étude sur la période d'installation du feuillage en conditions climatiques variées. Le modèle de débourrement-levée développé au cours de cette étude a permis d'identifier des indicateurs pour évaluer la capacité d'adaptation de différentes variétés de canne à sucre. Associés à une base de données météorologique géolocalisée, ces derniers mettent en évidence l'importance de la température seuil dans la capacité d'adaptation des variétés à différentes zones géographiques. Les méthodes et outils élaborés au cours de cette thèse ont d'ores et déjà des retombées pour accompagner les outils traditionnels de sélection variétale à La Réunion et sont extrapolables dans des zones à températures plus fraîches. Ces retombées pourraient s'accroître avec la mise au point de nouveaux itinéraires techniques. Enfin, la poursuite des travaux cartographiques, comme outils d'étude du potentiel d'implantation des cultures dans les Hauts, constitue également un axe prometteur pour la valorisation des acquis de cette thèse. / This thesis is centered on the effects of temperature on sugarcane development and its potential for geographical expansion under low temperatures in high-altitude tropical conditions. In the highlands of Reunion Island (les Hauts), the duration of the germination, in planting years, affects the date and the level of the first harvest, as well as the sugarcane yield in the following ratoon crop cycle. Trials took place in climate chambers, greenhouses and fields at different temperatures and altitudes. A preliminary study validates the conditions governing the experimentation: bud bursts can be studied through single, healthy, single bud cuttings that are taken from the middle section of the mature stem. Temperature considerably influences the primary tiller germination and emergence stages. The thermal model that was developed satisfactorily predicts bursting at a constant temperature and allows for the quantification of observed varietal differences. Field trials reveal a disparity in the production and growth dynamics of leaves and stems according to locations and varieties. Temperature influences this differentiation. Among the indicators that were elaborated, the duration for the seedling of half the population, when applied to a climatic database, allows one to define geographical zones and time periods conducive to the introduction of sugarcane according to its variety. The methods presented herein can be used in varietal selection for all zones where cold temperature limits the spread of crops. Results could be used for the development of new cultural practices or for further studies in geo-referenced agronomic zoning.

Im Zuge der Globalisierung sehen sich produzierende Unternehmen mit einem kontinuierlich anwachsenden Wettbewerbsdruck konfrontiert. Aufgrund dessen sehen sich viele Marktakteure zu einer intensivierten Spezialisierung gezwungen, um auf kunden-individuelle Anforderungen eingehen zu können. Einen möglichen Lösungsansatz zur Bewältigung dieser Herausforderung bietet der Ansatz der Modularisierung. Hier wird allerdings nicht konkret ein Baukasten definiert, vielmehr werden verschiedene Alternativen generiert. Die Entscheidung, welcher Baukasten schlussendlich implementiert wird, fällt meist aufgrund einiger weniger Einflussfaktoren sowie maßgeblich durch Expertenentscheidungen. An dieser Stelle setzt der vorliegende Beitrag an. Um ein quantifizierbares und ganzheitliches Kriterium zur Unter-stützung der Auswahl modularer Baukastensysteme zu bieten, wird eine multifaktorielle Simulation eingesetzt. Einer der maßgeblichen Aspekte derer ist die beidseitige Inbezugnahme von sowohl Kunden- als auch Unternehmensperspektive. Dies wird v.a. durch die Verwendung eines dynamischen Produktkonfigurationssystems ermöglicht. Um die zugrundeliegenden, teils komplexen Produktarchitekturen datentechnisch konsistent und pflegbar zu halten, wird zusätzlich der Einsatz einer modellbasierten Datenstruktur aufgezeigt. Die Verwendung des Model-Based Systems-Engineering (MBSE) Ansatzes hilf dabei, die vielschichtigen Zusammenhänge des Modulbaukastens in einer konsistenten und maschinenlesbaren Form auszudrücken. Somit kann das Konfigurationssystem produktunabhängig auf die Ontologie der zugrundeliegenden Datenstruktur zugreifen. Für die Baukastensimulation wird dieses Konfigurationssystem rekursiv für mehrere Kundenanfragen und alternative Baukästen eingesetzt, um anschließend mittels eines geometrisch-mathematischen Algorithmus ein multi-dimensionales Entscheidungskriterium hinsichtlich der Baukasten-performance zu generieren.

In this qualitative study, I explored the lived experiences of eight early childhood educators implementing a play-based teacher professional development intervention, child teacher relationship training (CTRT), in an affluent Christian based preschool. Through the building of relationships, CTRT provided the teachers a person-centered approach to develop skills to establish relationships and to attend to the intentional emotional and relational development of young children. The research questions addressed the impact on teachers with children exhibiting challenging behaviors utilizing CTRT experienced before, during, and after the implementation of the play-based consultation intervention. Thematic analysis of the pre-intervention interviews, observation journals, reflexive journal, and post-intervention interviews revealed two clusters and seven distinct themes. The first cluster described the learning experiences of teachers while implementing CTRT with four identified themes: (a) changes in their views about children; (b) changes in their views about their personal abilities and performance; (c) a deeper understanding of theory (Reggio Emilia and CTRT); and (d) teacher skill development. The second cluster concerned the impact of CTRT before, during, and after the implementation of CTRT with three identified themes: (a) relationships; (b) support systems; and (c) the transfer of CTRT skills outside the classroom. The emerging themes indicated that the participants found CTRT to be a useful intervention for skill development to address challenging behaviors in young children, increased the teachers' abilities to manage classrooms, and professional and personal growth.

The purpose of the study was to examine former men's elite hockey players' experiences of the transition from sports to careers afterwards. All participants have played in the Swedish Hockey League (SHL) which is the highest hockey league in Sweden. Eleven interviewees participated in the survey, only men aged 35-53 (M = 43, SD = 5.29). The study used a semi-structured interview guide to conduct the interviews and it was produced using the holistic career development model (Wylleman, 2019) and the athletic career transition model (Stambulova, 2009). The results showed that all participants experienced challenges in making the career transition from elite hockey players to civilian life. The biggest challenges were an uncertainty about the future in the form of not knowing what to do after their elite career. The participants felt that the support from family, friends and the club were important resources during the transition. Barriers that emerged were unpredictable transitions in the form of injuries, many participants focused only on sports, did not see that there is a life after the career and that one day there will be an end to the sports career. The coping strategies that the participants highlighted were to use a double career by studying sports or working when given the opportunity, to be aware of the career after elite hockey in the form of preparations for working life. / Syftet med studien var att undersöka före detta herr elithockeyspelares upplevelser av övergången från idrott till karriären efteråt. Samtliga deltagare har spelat i den Svenska Hockeyligan (SHL) vilket är den högsta hockeyligan i Sverige. I undersökningen deltog elva intervjupersoner, enbart män i åldrarna 35–53 (M=43, SD=5.29). I studien användes en semistrukturerad intervjuguide för att genomföra intervjuerna och den togs fram med hjälp av holistiska karriärutvecklingsmodellen (Wylleman, 2019) och karriärutvecklingsmodellen (Stambulova, 2009). Resultatet presenteras utefter studiens frågeställningar som består av utmaningar, resurser, barriärer och copingstrategier vid karriärövergången. Resultatet påvisade att samtliga deltagare upplevde utmaningar med att göra karriärövergången från elithockeyspelare till civila livet. De största utmaningarna var en osäkerhet på framtiden i form av att de inte vet vad de ska göra efter elitkarriären. Deltagarna upplevde att stödet från familj, vänner och förening var viktiga resurser under övergången. Barriärer som framkom var oförutsägbar övergång i form av skador, många deltagare fokuserade endast på idrotten, såg inte att det finns ett liv efter karriären och att det en dag kommer ett avslut på idrottskarriären. De copingstrategier som deltagarna lyfte fram var att använda sig av en dubbel karriär genom att studera upptill idrotten eller att arbeta när tillfälle gavs, att vara medveten om karriären efter elithockeyn i form av förberedelser inför arbetslivet.

Software development processes incorporate a variety of different artifacts (e.g., source code, models, and documentation). For multiple reasons the data that is contained in these artifacts does expose some degree of redundancy. Ensuring global consistency across artifacts during all stages in the development of software systems is required, because inconsistent artifacts can yield to failures. Ensuring consistency can be either achieved by reducing the amount of redundancy or by synchronizing the information that is shared across multiple artifacts. The discipline of software engineering that addresses these problems is called Round-Trip Engineering (RTE). In this thesis we present a conceptual framework for the design RTE systems. This framework delivers precise definitions for essential terms in the context of RTE and a process that can be used to address new RTE applications. The main idea of the framework is to partition models into parts that require synchronization - skeletons - and parts that do not - clothings. Once such a partitioning is obtained, the relations between the elements of the skeletons determine whether a deterministic RTE system can be built. If not, manual decisions may be required by developers. Based on this conceptual framework, two concrete approaches to RTE are presented. The first one - Backpropagation-based RTE - employs change translation, traceability and synchronization fitness functions to allow for synchronization of artifacts that are connected by non-injective transformations. The second approach - Role-based Tool Integration - provides means to avoid redundancy. To do so, a novel tool design method that relies on role modeling is presented. Tool integration is then performed by the creation of role bindings between role models. In addition to the two concrete approaches to RTE, which form the main contributions of the thesis, we investigate the creation of bridges between technical spaces. We consider these bridges as an essential prerequisite for performing logical synchronization between artifacts. Also, the feasibility of semantic web technologies is a subject of the thesis, because the specification of synchronization rules was identified as a blocking factor during our problem analysis. The thesis is complemented by an evaluation of all presented RTE approaches in different scenarios. Based on this evaluation, the strengths and weaknesses of the approaches are identified. Also, the practical feasibility of our approaches is confirmed w.r.t. the presented RTE applications.

Delinquency has traditionally been viewed as a male phenomenon, often defined in androcentric terms, and neglecting females in studies regarding delinquent behavior. However, females are the fastest growing subpopulation of the correction population, which amplifies the importance of understanding the nature and etiology of their offending. Recent research has suggested that predictors of male juvenile delinquency do not adequately explain delinquency in females, because the androcentric research ignores the damaging impact of sexual childhood abuse and other prominent family factors on female juvenile delinquents. This study aimed to examine the impact of childhood parental sexual abuse on female juvenile delinquency from a social developmental perspective by testing a sub-model of the SDM using a longitudinal database of child abuse and neglect. Results from PLS-SEM indicated that there were multiple relationships between constructs that differed between females and males, further supporting the idea of gender-specific risk factors. The strongest effect of male gender was on the relationships between parental monitoring and parental bonding and family socialization, and sexual abuse and moderate delinquency and family socialization. The strongest effect of female gender was on the relationship between sexual abuse and serious delinquency, and neighborhood safety and antisocial beliefs. Results point towards new ideas regarding differences in male and female delinquency and the impact of sexual abuse and offer support in using the Social Development Model in the study of delinquency.