The subject of this thesis is the issue of the development of literacy skills of pupils in primary education through conditions offered by small schools. The aim is to analyze the possibility of developing reading literacy among pupils in the first grade of primary school in terms of the small schools; setup and subsequent use of good conditions for the development of reading. The thesis is divided into theoretical and practical part. In the theoretical part are defined the theoretical background related to the above mentioned issues. Custom research was carried out through action research, completed a questionnaire that the children completed at the beginning and end of the period. The main objective was to determine the initial state of literacy in groups of pupils and through changes in education, the creation of good conditions and use innovative methods to monitor the process of the individual activities of students, capturing deficiencies and seek alternative approaches and solutions. In the practical part, I rely on knowledge of the direct teaching. I point out the difficulties that arose in their own activities with children. The result of this work is documented that exploit the specific conditions of the small schools not only allows, but may significantly affect the development of...

As Stockholm grows many rent controlled facilities subsidized by the government are rapidly decreasing leaving culture operators struggling with increasing rents. At the same time the instrumental values of culture are increasing, taking a greater role in the strategic urban and city planning of Stockholm. Culture has economized, a development criticized by many who argue that the culture’s core values are being undermined by economic incentive. In the wake of these developments it seems as if a new interplay between private real estate companies, cultural operators and the public sector, rises. The creation of physical rooms for the cultural sector is determined by this interplay where the private real estate companies’ influence is becoming more prominent. Stockholm’s Cultural Administration (Kulturförvaltningen Region Stockholm) has noticed a power structure within this triangular interplay, where cultural operators are depended on the public- and the private sectors. Stockholm’s Cultural Administration points out that it is necessary for the cultural operators to “speak the language” the private real estate owners prefer, meaning translating cultural values into market values in order to obtain influence. To examine if this power structure exists and how it is constructed, a case study on the project Danskvarteret, has been done. Danskvarteret, initiated by the non-profit organisation Danscentrum Stockholm, is to become a dance hub for the free dance field. In the establishing phase the project group of Danskvarteret are in dialogue with the private real estate owner Atrium Ljungberg and with Stockholm’s Public Cultural Management (Stockholms stads kulturförvaltning). The purpose of this examination is to illustrate what institutional logics are in play in the establishment of Danskvarteret. Can it tell us something about what motives are behind creating physical space for culture? The study is based on an institutional and cultural theoretical frame along with secondary data from the three main actors in this project as well as a semistructured interview with the project leader of Danskvarteret. The results show that the three market actors: Danskvarteret (cultural operator), Atrium Ljungberg (private real estate owner) and Stockholms stads kulturförvaltning (public sector) have different motives and logics for creating Danskvarteret and that the cultural operator is forced to balance between these different motives and logics. The cultural operator is dependent on external finance, a dependency that pressures the cultural operator to give up its own logic and adapt to the superior logics pursued by the private and the public sectors who provide the necessary resources. In this particular triangular interplay cultural professional logics are set aside to make room for market logics in order to get the product finances, even though it may contradict the cultural operators’ innate beliefs. / När Stockholm stad växer byggs många kulturaktörer bort och allt fler har svårt att klara av de hyreshöjningar som skett de senaste åren. Billiga verksamhetslokaler försvinner i takt med att subventionerade lokaler som allmännyttan tillhandahållit minskat. Parallellt betonas kulturens instrumentella värden allt mer och kulturen utgör idag en central aspekt i olika stadsplaneringsstrategier. Kulturen har ekonomiserats vilket kritiserats hos många med argument att kulturens inneboende värde i hög grad underordnas ekonomiska incitament. Som effekt av dessa förändringar verkar det ha uppstått ett nytt typ av samspel, där etableringen av kulturella rum i högre grad avgörs i dialogen mellan tre aktörer - privata fastighetsbolag, kulturaktörer och den offentliga sektorn, där de privata fastighetsägarnas roll blivit allt mer framträdande. Kulturförvaltningen Region Stockholm har observerat en maktordning i detta triangulära samspel, där kulturaktörer är i beroendeställning till det offentliga och det privata, och från Stockholms stads håll konstateras att det är nödvändigt att kunna tala fastighetsägarnas språk i samspelet. Stämmer detta? För att undersöka detta har en fallstudie gjorts på projektet Danskvarteret som är tänkt att bli en dans-hub för det fria dansfältet. Projektet är initierat av den ideella dansorganisationen Danscentrum Stockholm. Under den pågående etableringsfasen är de i dialog med fastighetsägaren Atrium Ljungberg och Stockholms stads kulturförvaltning. Syftet är att belysa vilka institutionella logiker som format etableringsprocessen av Danskvarteret, samt vilka motiv som ligger bakom att skapa rum för kultur. Undersökningen har utgått från en institutionell- och kulturteoretisk ram och kvalitativa data har samlats in i form av sekundärdata från de tre aktörerna samt en semistrukturerad intervju som genomförts med projektledaren för Danskvarteret. Resultatet visar på att de tre aktörerna handlar utifrån olika logiker och motiv, och kulturaktören tvingas balansera mellan dessa. Den gemensamma målsättningen att skapa en publik verksamhet kan ses som ett exempel på hur konkurrerande logiker i viss mån överlappar i gemensamma projekt. Kulturaktören är beroende av externa finansieringskällor och detta resursberoende tvingar aktören att anpassa sig till andra logiker än de egna. Även om de själva inte präglas av en marknadslogik, utan en klar kulturprofessionell logik, anammas denna för att hitta medel för projektet.

The study was prompted by the escalating levels of poverty in Amathole District Municipality of the Eastern Cape Province despite the poverty alleviation programmes that have been established since 1994. The main objective of this study was to identify the underlying factors and challenges that affected agricultural extension organisations in the Amathole District Municipality and explore the role and the prospects of extension organisations as a strategy for development and growth in the district municipality. Data was collected through interviews and with the use of structured questionnaires. The questionnaires were administered to 300 farmers and 20 extension practitioners that had been selected by the systematic random sampling technique in the Amathole District Municipality. After data collection, questionnaires were coded, captured and analysed using MS Excel (2010) and SPSS version 22 (2014). Descriptive statistics were used to summarise the data. Results indicated that although extension officers indicated that they had a positive relationship with the communities they services, farmers indicated that extension policies did not favour them. Conclusions were therefore drawn that agricultural extension organisation was not effective in accelerating development in the Amathole District Municipality. The study, therefore, recommended that further research focusing on the impact of extension services on the economy of South Africa be conducted / Agriculture, Animal Health and Human Ecology / M. Sc. (Agriculture)

A collaborative robot is something of growing interest for companies in the manufacturing industries to implement. However, a collaborative robot is quite new in today’s market. An issue that arises is that no implementation process for collaborative robots exists today, as well as no requirement guide for skills, as well as actors, has been defined. The aim of this project was to examine how an implementation process of collaborative robots in manufacturing companies could look like. Focusing on charting the integration process steps of a collaborative robot, and identifying the actors as well as skills needed for successful cobot integration, with the aim achieve the goal of this thesis by answering the research questions. The thesis had the following research questions: Research Question 1 – How is an integration process for implementing a cobot represented in the manufacturing companies? Research Question 2 – What particular skills as well as actors are required when implementing in a cobot in the manufacturing companies? To answer the research questions, the author conducted several interviews with different companies. The interview questions were mainly constructed in order to answer the RQs but also to get an understanding for the different aspects of what a cobot is, what is required as well as how it compares to a traditional industrial robot. The thesis resulted in an implementation process with several steps constructed in order to implement a cobot as well as different aspects of what skills and actors are needed. In order to separate the aspects, the respondents were categorized into different roles which are the developer, integrator and the user. The different roles were all vital, providing an understanding from different perspectives. Keywords: Collaborative robot, cobot, Human-robot interaction, Human-Robot Collaboration, Development strategies, Automation, Industry 4.0.

The study was prompted by the escalating levels of poverty in Amathole District Municipality of the Eastern Cape Province despite the poverty alleviation programmes that have been established since 1994. The main objective of this study was to identify the underlying factors and challenges that affected agricultural extension organisations in the Amathole District Municipality and explore the role and the prospects of extension organisations as a strategy for development and growth in the district municipality. Data was collected through interviews and with the use of structured questionnaires. The questionnaires were administered to 300 farmers and 20 extension practitioners that had been selected by the systematic random sampling technique in the Amathole District Municipality. After data collection, questionnaires were coded, captured and analysed using MS Excel (2010) and SPSS version 22 (2014). Descriptive statistics were used to summarise the data. Results indicated that although extension officers indicated that they had a positive relationship with the communities they services, farmers indicated that extension policies did not favour them. Conclusions were therefore drawn that agricultural extension organisation was not effective in accelerating development in the Amathole District Municipality. The study, therefore, recommended that further research focusing on the impact of extension services on the economy of South Africa be conducted / Agriculture, Animal Health and Human Ecology / M. Sc. (Agriculture)

<p>Potreba za organizovanom za&scaron;titom i upravljanjem za&scaron;tićenim područjima prirode javila se krajem XIX&nbsp; vijeka. To koindicira sa konstituisanjem prvog Nacionalnog parka na svijetu, Jelouston, Amerika. Formalno su za nacionalne parkove progla&scaron;ena područja Durmitora, Lovćena i Biogradske gore 1952. godine. Sljedeće za&scaron;tićeno područje, Skadarsko jezero, progla&scaron;eno je 1983. dok je najmlađi Nacionalni park Prokletije formiran 2009. godine. Najmlađe za&scaron;tićeno područje u Crnoj Gori je Regionalni park Piva. Činjenica da je Crna Gora prva deklarisana ekolo&scaron;ka država na svijetu, &scaron;to je Ustavom definisana kategorija, obavezuje sve subjekte na lokalnom, regionalnom i<br />državnom nivou da se aktivno uključe u proces organizovanog upravljanja i za&scaron;tite područja prirode i da na kompleksan način rade na unapređenju i održivom kori&scaron;ćenju njihovih resursa. Primarna funkcija u svim tim procesima mora biti za&scaron;tita prirodnih elemenata, stani&scaron;ta, vrsta i habitata.</p> / <p>The need for an organized protection&nbsp; and management of protected natural areas&nbsp; emerged in the late XIX century. it coincides with the establishment of the first national park in the world, Yellowstone, USA. Areas of Durmitor, Lovcen and Biogradska Gora were formally declared national parks in 1952.Skadar Lake became protected area in1983, while the youngest national park Prokletije was declared in 2009. The youngest protected area in Montenegro is the Regional Park Piva.The fact that according to theConstitution Montenegro was declared the world&#39;s first ecological state, obliges all parties at local, regional and state level to actively engage in a process of organized management and protection of natural areas, as well as to work on improvementand sustainable usage of their resources. Primary function in all those processes&nbsp; should be the protection of natural elements, species and habitats.</p>

Hur sjöfartsnäringsföretag utvecklar sin ledarskapskapacitet är något som inte forskats mycket kring i vetenskaplig litteratur. Företag runt om i världen har investerat 370 miljarder dollar för ledarskap endast under 2021. Dessutom är inte den maritima litteraturen särskilt omfattande gällande ledarskap inom sjöfartsnäringsföretagens landbaserade sektor, något som är kontroversiellt med hänsyn till det omfattande inflytande högre ledning har inom företag. Syftet med detta arbete var att identifiera och beskriva sjöfartsnäringsföretagens perspektiv gällanderelationen mellan ledarskap och management, och vidare deras strategier för att förstärka sin ledarskapskapacitet. Arbetets frågeställningar var 1. Hur upplever sjöfartsnäringsföretag relationen mellan ledarskap och management och vidare, vad av ledarskap och management är det som gör skillnaden i dagens konkurativa marknad enligt intervjuade företags perspektiv och varför? 2. Vilka strategier har sjöfartsnäringsföretag för att utveckla sin ledarskapskapacitet, och vidare, hur implementerar intervjuade företag dessa strategier? Arbetet genomfördes via en kvalitativ fallstudie av fyra utvalda internationella sjöfartsnäringsföretags högsta ledning. Vidare användes semistrukturerade intervjuer för datainsamlingen. Denna studie identifierade betydelsen för sjöfartsnäringsföretag att särskilja mellan management och ledarskap eftersom var och en av dessa tjänar olika syften inom deras organisationer. De intervjuade sjöfartsnäringsföretagen ser dessutom ledarskapsutveckling som en utmanande process som kan hålla dem konkurrenskraftiga. Slutligen så följer sjöfartsnäringsföretag ledarskapsutvecklingsstrategier såsom 360-degree feedback, executive coaching, nätverkande och aktionsinlärning även om det inte är i lika strikt form som ledarskapsforskning föreslår. / How shipping companies develop their leadership is something not studied as much by scholarly literature. Investments in leadership are estimated to 370 billion dollars, for 2021, by companies around the world. Yet, maritime literature is not very extensive regarding the shore-based sector and leadership, something controversial considering influence higher levels have within companies. This study aimed to identify and describe shipping companies’ perspectives on the relationship between leadership and management and their strategies for developing their leadership capacity. This study’s research questions were: 1. How do shipping companies experience the relationship between leadership and management, and in further, which of the two makes the most difference in today’s competitive markets? 2. What are shipping companies’ strategies for developing their leadership capacity, and how do they implement these strategies? A qualitative method for the case study of four selected international shipping companies’ top management was used. Moreover, data was collected via semi-structured interviews. This study found that it is important for shipping companies to distinguish between leadership and management as each serves different purposes within organizations. Moreover, interviewed shipping companies view leadership development as a challenging process but one that can keep them competitive. Finally, shipping companies follow leadership development strategies of 360-degree feedback, executive coaching, networking and action learning although not as strict as leadership research suggests.

This study will present an analysis regarding regions effect on crime in rural areas. Thefour regional crime prevention organizations: police, the Swedish National Council forCrime Prevention (BRÅ), the county administrative board (länsstyrelse) and regions(regioner), all have a direct or indirect relation with handling crime in rural areas and/orhow it can be prevented. Through the lens of regional crime prevention, using previousresearch and interviews, the study tries to create the first reflections regarding howcrime prevention efforts in rural areas can be presented in the region’s context.Region’s new assignments, finalized in 2019, has had a distinct impact on all parts ofregional politics in Sweden. The inquisitive nature of the study is a telling sign that thisis uncharted ground in the Swedish context, and maybe the rest of Scandinavia andEurope. Because of this, the study creates an effort in explaining parts of regional crimeprevention in a rural context to consider the regions’ place within it.The study presents crime-related issues in rural areas, how the region’s processes forregional development function and a discussion regarding motivations surroundingcrime preventions place within regional development and regions. The study formulatesan attempt at a new framework of holistic dependency for crime in rural areas. Thisframework is dependent on four different recommendations, the topics of which canbe relevant for continued analysis and development regarding handling crime in ruralareas in the regional context. The four recommendations for rural crime prevention inthe regional context are: 1. Clarify whether the regional development strategy can include crime preventioninterventions based on identified crime prevention themes in regionaldevelopment, especially themes around more effective use of civil society as acrime prevention actor. 2. Investigate whether specific regions can change their responsibilities towards thestate to create better strategies based on their unique characteristics. 3. Clarify the crime prevention networks which regions take part in and how theycan be better used to prevent crime in Norrland's sparsely populated areas. 4. Interview all regional development directors and coordinators to develop thecase study presented / Denna studie kommer att presentera en analys av regioners effekt på brottslighet pålandsbygden. De fyra regionala brottsförebyggande organisationerna: polis,Brottsförebyggande Rådet (BRÅ), Länsstyrelsen och Regioner, har alla en direkt ellerindirekt relation till hantering av brottslighet på landsbygden och/eller hur det kanförebyggas. Genom att undersöka regionala brottsförebyggande åtgärder och tidigareforskning, försöker studien skapa de första reflektionerna kring hur brottsförebyggandeinsatser på landsbygden kan genomföras i regionala sammanhang.Regionens nya uppdrag, slutförda 2019, har haft en tydlig inverkan på alla delar avregionalpolitiken i Sverige. Studiens undersökande karaktär är ett talande tecken på attdetta är okänd mark i svenska sammanhang och kanske resten av Skandinavien ochEuropa. På grund av detta skapar studien ett försök att förklara delar av regionalbrottsförebyggande i ett landsbygdssammanhang för att överväga regionernas platsinom dessa sammanhang.Studien presenterar brottsrelaterade frågor i landsbygd, hur regionens processer förregional utveckling fungerar och en diskussion om motivationer kringbrottsförebyggande åtgärder förekommer inom regional utveckling och regioner.Studien formulerar ett försök till ett nytt ramverk av holistiskt beroende för brottslighetpå landsbygden. Detta ramverk sammanställs av fyra olika rekommendationer, varsämnen anses vara relevanta för fortsatt analys och utveckling när det gäller hantering avbrottslighet på landsbygden i regionala sammanhang. De fyra rekommendationerna förförebyggande av brottslighet på landsbygden i regionala sammanhang är: 1. Klargöra ifall den regionala utvecklingsstrategin kan inkluderabrottsförebyggande arbete baserat på identifierade brottsförebyggande teman iregional utveckling, speciellt teman kring effektivare användning avcivilsamhället som en brottsförebyggande aktör. 2. Utreda ifall specifika regioner kan förändra sitt uppdrag gentemot stat för attbättre kunna skapa strategier utefter sina unika egenskaper. 3. Klargöra de brottsförebyggande nätverk vilket regioner tar del av och hur de kanbättre användas för att förebygga brott i Norrlands glesbygd. 4. Intervjua alla regionala utvecklingsdirektörer och samordnare för att utvecklafallstudien som presenterats.

Rural development efforts in Third World countries often fail to meet the needs of the most disadvantaged members of society. The priviledged continue to get a disproportionate share of the fruits of development. This is so in spite of the fact that development thinking has changed from the days when the poor were expected to benefit from development through the "trickle down" effect. It is now widely recognised that development should be focused on people in their local communities (human development) and not on the economy per se. To achieve this type of development requires an appropriate strategy of development, and people's/community participation is such a strategy. People's participation in development takes place through community based organisations. The organisations faciiitate the development of the human potential of members. This study investigates the conditions under which rural community participation takes place in lesotho. The Thabana-Morena Integrated Rural Development Project is used as a case study. The first objective is to determine the appropriateness of the organisations through which community participation was promoted in the project. The second objective is to isolate the political and administrative factors which affected participation in the project. Thirdly, the study tries to identify factors at the village level which influenced participation in the project. Fourthly, the study evaluates the effectiveness of the project in experimenting with participatory approaches, given that development projects are basically mechanisms for testing the appropriateness of national policies before applying them on a wide scale. Finally, a set of principles is developed on the basis of which participatory development can be facilitated. / Development Studies / D. Litt. et Phil. (Development Administration)

This thesis focuses on the area of preschool education in the Central Region in connection with the application of the Long-term Plan on Education (DZ) of the Ministry and of the region. Special attention is paid to the context and development of the current problem, which is longer-term unmet demand for placement in kindergarten in some parts of the region. The aim of this paper is to describe the demographic and socioeconomic specifics of the investigated region and their development over the last decade as an environment for pre- school education. The theoretical part of this work presents a comparison of DZ of Ministry of Education from 2015 to 2020 with its corresponding draft document of the Central Bohemian Region (2016). It brings the discussion of selected chapters of the Strategic Plan of the Ministry of Education and Training of the Central Region in the European pre-school education. It outlines the evaluation of success by DZ the Central Region in the past in the light of statistical data. The focal point of the research section consists of interpretations of statistical data on the number of received / missed children in preschool education over the past five years and their relation to the Long-term Plan for Education Ministry, respectively. Central Bohemia. The final part presents...