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Climate change is possibly the greatest threat facing human society in this century. The response to this challenge has been dominated by international negotiations for controlling greenhouse gas emissions. More recently there are efforts by the international community to engage other levels of governance in mitigation and adaptation response. While the framework for international action on climate change continues to evolve, there is mounting pressure from researchers to include cities as significant actors in the global climate change management strategy. Cities are centers of production and consumption in our society and as such will be crucial for global climate change management strategy. Despite these links, demands for consideration of climate change management issues in local policy making have remained a research rhetoric and have not yet translated into planning action. This gap between planning research and practice is probably due to lack of evidence based research on this issue. This study fills in this gap and provides empirical evidence supporting the key role of local development plans in climate change management. Specifically, in the first step, this research investigates the influence of local development plans on climate change mitigation by comparing change in carbon dioxide emissions in groups of cities with and without plans. Thereafter, climate change management capacity in local development plans is analyzed through policy analysis. Finally, this research study examines the effect of plan quality on the change in carbon dioxide emissions, while controlling for socio-economic, landscape and policy characteristics. Results of this study support the demands for using local development plans as tools for climate change management. This study identifies numerous planning policies in local development plans with potential to influence climate change management. The analysis also reveals wide variation in the quality of the climate change management policies. For example, policies related to site planning regulations and transportation are fairly detailed, whereas acquisition and incentive/disincentive tools are not. The detailed review of plan quality suggests that although development plans have the potential to significantly influence climate change, there is need for further improvement, especially of the overall plan implementation capacity. Finally, the research findings show that the quality of climate change management planning policies in local development plans have a significant impact on a communities’ emissions. Communities with better plan quality had significantly lower increase in per-capita emissions over the period of analysis. The study also discovered significant effects of wealth, travel behavior, occupation base and state policy on the change in emissions. Based on the research findings this study recommends evolving integrated local development policies that focus on dual goals of climate change management and sustainable development. Further studies are recommended to examine the opportunities and challenges to use of local development plans for climate change management.

National Swedish environmental objectives and detailed development plans A good built environment - a change of perspectives The aim of this paper is to analyze if the environmental quality objectives ‘a good built environment’ can be implemented in the municipal detailed plans and/or how it is done today. In addition to a number of interviews with people within the academy and government, a document analysis of detailed development plans has been done. As of today, you can not completely do planning based entirely on the environmental objectives and it is perhaps not desirable. In the study it emerges that there are uncertainties in what the environmental quality objectives really are and how they should be used, therefore, is also the implementation of the objectives to some extent different in the detailed development plans (if they are used at all). Within the environmental objective ‘a good built environment’ and its sub-goals one can find both concrete and more unsolid goals, as part of this, goal conflicts arise and problems with implementing the various goals within detailed development plans. Some conclusions are that short-term economic goals stands in the way for a change in perspectives that is needed, if goal achievement should be reached.

The diploma thesis is focused on the relation between the strategic documents of Prague, Brno, Ostrava and Plzeň and selected charters of urban development. The first part will describe ten urban charters which have influenced current conception of spatial planning. The subject of research will be strategic development plans of mentioned cities, priority areas and objectives of these documents in particular. Experts from Spatial Planning and Development Departments of the statutory cities of Prague, Brno, Ostrava and Plzen were approached in order to better comprehend the spatial planning in practice.

<p>The purpose of this article was to examine how students learn to use the Individual Development Plan (IUP) with written assessments as a tool for learning. The study is conducted according to an ethnographic approach. A total of 20 students, aged 13-14 years, participated. The production of data took place through participating observations, field notes and conversations. A qualitative content analysis was used for data analysis. The results of the analysis yielded the following codes: Clarification as a tool for learning; Difficult to understand as a tool for learning; Participation as a tool for learning and; Irrelevant as a tool for learning. Results of the study was coupled with an analytical model in which the concepts: integrated; mastered; and appropriated was in focus. The results showed that the students participated in the process of IUP with written reviews in varying ways. The type of participation they chose was dependent on how implemented, mastered and appropriated the practice with IUP with written judgments were.</p>

The purpose of this article was to examine how students learn to use the Individual Development Plan (IUP) with written assessments as a tool for learning. The study is conducted according to an ethnographic approach. A total of 20 students, aged 13-14 years, participated. The production of data took place through participating observations, field notes and conversations. A qualitative content analysis was used for data analysis. The results of the analysis yielded the following codes: Clarification as a tool for learning; Difficult to understand as a tool for learning; Participation as a tool for learning and; Irrelevant as a tool for learning. Results of the study was coupled with an analytical model in which the concepts: integrated; mastered; and appropriated was in focus. The results showed that the students participated in the process of IUP with written reviews in varying ways. The type of participation they chose was dependent on how implemented, mastered and appropriated the practice with IUP with written judgments were.

In Sweden, detailed development plans (DDPs) go through a screening process to decide whether their implementation could cause significant environmental impact or not. The criteria in the legislation were studied to see if an environmental impact assessment was needed. This study also investigated 26 DDPs from 12 out of 13 of the municipalities in Östergötland and how they meet up to the demands in relevant legislation, for example the rules for Environmental Impact Assessments. Plans that concerned suburban communities and new housing were selected. The environmental issues highlighted in the plan documents were compared to selected topics from the GIS data base 'Östgötakartan' to see if the assessments made by the municipalities were reasonable judged. The results showed that in 54% of the municipalities, the screening processes corresponded with the Environmental Impact Assessment criteria. The most common flaws were that neither the national environmental goals nor the motivation of the decision was given any significant attention. The results of the questions that were sent to the municipalities showed that the working procedures vary among the municipalities. 73% of the municipalities used checklists as a basis for their assessments, whereas the rest worked in workgroups. Further the results indicated that there was a correlation between screening processes which had large flaws, according to the legislation criteria, and the lack of a county ecologist. In Sweden there is no real monitoring of how the legislation is implanted in the screening processes in different municipalities, which means that the processes can have flaws.

With the industrial economy and changing times demand for talent in the organization of work, employee would not only want the salary, but further hope to cultivate the ability to meet their own interest with organizational development. There are more and more companies also starting to focus on employee career development and nurturing of talent management policies, such as personal development plans, job rotation, mentoring, competency model, succession planning, and so on are also promoting inter-enterprise. However, the implementation of the organization's policies and implementation have to cooperate with the staff's participation and recognition. Employees identify with the company's personal development plan and job rotation, and whether it will improve job satisfaction? The questionnaire of this study were mainly to foreign companies as well as one thousand large companies for the study, 150 questionnaires were recovered, a recovery rate of 98%, and focuses on employees whether it will affect the company agree that the level of implementation of personal development plans and job rotation job satisfaction, come join competent support and personal growth needs two interference variables, whether due to personal development plans and job rotation the tone recognition revealed the level of work satisfaction interference effect, the findings were as follows: 1. Career planning have a significant positive impact on the autonomy employee satisfaction. But no interference effects supervisor support. 2.Personal development plan career planning, feedback, development, all employees perceived supervisor support have a significant positive effect on satisfaction, but interference effects supervisor support only for personal development plan. 3.The organization and implementation of the career development of personal development plans, improvement of job rotation have a significant positive effect on external satisfaction of employees and supervisor support interference effects. 4. Organization and implementation of the improvement of job rotation have a significant positive effect on satisfaction of employees a sense of accomplishment, and competent support interference effects. 5. Correlation personal development plan and job rotation and job satisfaction, personal growth needs are no interference effects. Keywords: personal development plans, job rotation, supervisor support, personal growth need, work satisfaction

Globalization has created a theoretically supra-national, borderless world which encompasses a combination of urban economies and societies, displacing them from localities through mobilization of labor and capital based on strong telecommunicational network relations. The dimensions of global-local relationship is defined in diversification at each level of globalization, creating heterogeneous,global-local relations expressed through the new concept of governance which involves concepts of rule of law, transperancy, responsiveness, equity,effectiveness and efficiency, accountability, strategic vision. The concepts of urban legibility and imageability are based on these new concepts for creation of sustainable and livable places by reorganization and renewal of urban physical structure. Urban renewal, which aims to change urban environment according to planning in order to conform with present and future requirements for urban living and working is a political process in essence, the physical urban structure that rises on a renewal site is the result of political decisions about allocation of resources. Urban renewal is not only re-building of physical urban tissue but involves change in used of land and buildings through re-planning, comprehensive re-development of land,preservation, conservation, rehabilitation, sustainable development, liveability and gentrification.This thesis aims at exploring the laws of urban renewal and clarification and recognition of dynamics of it which will be integrated with the spatial and social evolution of a typical gecekondu district subject to transformation. Following the review of theory of urban renewal, its current implementations and approaches, unauthorized housing in Turkey and relevant legal aspects and renewal implementations are discussed along with examples from other countries. The study then concentrates on a specific implementation in a gecekondu area renewed in a legal framework through Improvement and Development Plans, keeping in mind comparisons with renewal though special transformation projects. The study shows that renewal through Improvement and Development Plans in Cevizlidere, did not approach the renewal process through a feasible transformation policy, integrating it with the city plans and left implementation to developers motivated by maximization of personal rent gain. The aim of legalization of squatter houses was realized but renewal failed to reach the target groups urging most of them to relocate elsewhere in the city, replaced them by a very different socio-economic group in the area, creating an unwholesome, unaesthetic physical tissue with a congested building stock and physical environment in Balgat in general and Cevizlidere in particular.

What happens to a historically African American church when its local African American community no longer exists? Can attempts to emphasize its historic heritage help it to survive? In this dissertation, I consider the racial politics of urban gentrification and the ways in which one historic Black church community utilizes cultural heritage politics as a survival strategy and resistance to city planning in the city of Dallas, Texas. This case study is part of a much broader phenomenon dating to the post-WWII era whereby U.S. local, state, and federal government officials “redeveloped” urban neighborhoods as part of urban renewal plans. Some of these government actions resulted in drastic changes to neighborhood landscapes, displacing entire “minority” communities. Affected by similar circumstances, the St. Paul Church community chose to remain in its original neighborhood and restore its historic building, rather than bend to the will of Dallas city planners. In particular, I examine two church heritage projects; a public archaeology project in which a shotgun house site was excavated on the church property and a public history project which resulted in an interpretive history exhibition on the church. I examine how this church community became involved in these two projects and whether these approaches are practical to the historic preservation of this church community. Basic contributions of this work include: 1) filling gaps in public archaeology research by examining a public archaeology project, beyond the excavation, and critiquing its viability in jeopardized urban contexts, 2) analyzing strategies of political mobilization around heritage politics; 3) determining which Black communities are more likely to engage in and benefit from this type of political mobilization; and 4) problematizing what constitutes giving the power to a community to negotiate its past in the present. This dissertation project finds that although African-American and other minority groups are often politically and economically disadvantaged when challenging eminent domain abuse, these communities are not powerless. The St. Paul community’s utilization of heritage politics as a means to avert eminent domain abuse is one case in point. / text