Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T19:20:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Celia Maki Tomimatsu.pdf: 4178101 bytes, checksum: f9ab4cd9bf8b4d0bd1d305d30fd81f8f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-10-14 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The object of this research is an investigation about the disposition of good and evil in the Hindu text Bhagavadgītā, which passage is inserted in Book VI of the Indian epic Mahābhārata. The goal is to reflect about the human condition that permeates the passage of Bhagavadgītā, about the ideas of good and evil, especially in the context of the dialogue between the main characters of this chapter: the god Kṛṣṇa and his friend Arjuna, the Pāṇḍava worrier. The hypothesis is that, in this epic, neither the dialogue nor the narrated battle, represent an external action of an individual, but, due to the concept of dharma in Hinduism, an inside; / Este trabalho tem como objeto de pesquisa a investigação sobre as disposições do bem e do mal no texto hindu Bhagavadgītā, cuja passagem está inserida no Livro VI do épico indiano Mahābhārata. O objetivo é refletir sobre a condição humana que permeia na passagem de Bhagavadgītā, principalmente no que diz respeito à ideia acerca do bem e do mal no contexto do diálogo entre os principais personagens deste capítulo: o deus Kṛṣṇa e seu amigo Arjuna, o guerreiro Pāṇḍava. A hipótese é que, neste épico, nem o diálogo nem a batalha narrada representam uma ação externa de um indivíduo, mas um discernimento interno dos valores morais segundo o conceito de dharma do Hinduísmo, tendo, portanto, as ações de Arjuna e tudo que o envolve como uma metáfora da condição humana para distinguir o bem do mal. A metodologia escolhida foi a pesquisa bibliográfica baseada em autores especializados como Sri Aurobindo (AUROBINDO, 1995), Angelika Malinar (MALINAR, 2007), Paramahansa Yogananda (KRIYANANDA, 2007), Surendranath Dasgupta (DASGUPTA, 1952), entre outros. O resultado desta dissertação procura colaborar na discussão de tópicos como traduções e valores interculturais, que de acordo com as leituras do bem e do mal do dharma Hindu, devem ser considerados fora do escopo do pensamento ocidental e de qualquer julgamento de valor

As part of the Phenomenological Method used in this dissertation, the research work applied the hermeneutical concepts of bhakti, karma and moksha. Focus was on the role played by the guru, the sadhus and devotees of the Swaminarayan Movement and how they related t~ their religious, ethical and social obligations. Their responses to ethical scriptures were evaluated, especially with a view to determining the extent to which ethical injunctions permeates, enhances, uplifts and shapes the adherents spiritually ,morally and socially. Swaminarayan ethics was also placed within the context of Classical Hindu Texts and in particular, the work of Ramanuja and his Vishistadvaita philosophy. Further, it has been observed that the quest for the Ultimate Reality (Purushottam) is through their relationship with Akshar, Guru Pramukh Swami, the model of ethical excellence whose charisma binds the fibre of the Movement and his role serves both the ethical and transcendental plane of the Movement. / Religious Studies and Arabic / MA (Religious Studies)

This interdisciplinary study explores the dialogical space between Buddhism and economics grounded upon an empirical examination of the lived experience of western Buddhist teachers. The goal of Buddhist practice is enlightenment, a powerfully liberating and transformative understanding in which the ordinary sense of self is extinguished. There is a variety of claims made by Buddhist traditions regarding enlightenment, and little agreement as to its exact nature; most Buddhist traditions, however, regard the self as having no essential basis. This view contrasts sharply with those of contemporary economic thought. Modern economic thinking has generally seen Buddhism as one of many religions, and has resisted taking its claims seriously. At the heart of this divide lies a hermeneutic barrier that is not simply between East and West, but has its roots in modernity, which maintains a separation of humans from nature, a distinction between knowledge and power, and a distrust of human subjective experience. By engaging in a dialogical approach, this study attempts to bridge this divide. It builds on experiential corroboration of Buddhist conceptions of self, based on semi-structured interviews of 34 western Buddhist teachers, to critically examine their experiences of insight into the nature of self, its impact on their relationships with others and nature, and its impact on their decisions about everyday economic activities. The purpose is twofold: to examine the nature of realisation experientially and to explore its transformative potential with a view to unfolding implications for economic action. The findings clarify many traditional Buddhist understandings, challenge and validate previous interpretations, and suggest an embodied rather than transcendent view of consciousness and spirituality. The implications for economic thought include a new conception of the economic individual (homooeconomicus), recognising the old conception as based on a misplaced idea of concreteness of self; a new epistemology which incorporates a phenomenological appreciation of life; and a new perspective of agency as the mindful embodiment of a seamless interconnection between consciousness and the social and natural world. / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

在東亞佛教傳統中，「一切眾生悉有佛性」、「眾生佛性本平等」幾乎是一項普遍被接受的信念，而這強調「佛性」論或「平等」觀的思想正是「如來藏思想」的特色，至於《起信論》「本覺思想」所指出「眾生本來覺悟」的教義更是在漢語系佛教經典所流行的國度產生深遠的影響。然而在八十年代中期，日本駒澤大學佛教學部的谷憲昭和松本史朗教授倡導所謂「批判佛教」，企圖從原始佛教的教義來批判東亞傳統佛教的「如來藏」、「本覺」、「唯識」和「禪宗」等思想，他們認為這些思想實違背佛陀「無我」、「緣起」的教義，因此日本佛教界和學界唯有拒絕這些「偽佛教」思想，才能回歸佛陀本懷。另一方面，就社會文化層面來說，日本文化深受「如來藏」等「偽佛教」思想支配，因而導致日本民族思維方式傾向「一元論」的意識型態，在社會實踐上往往傾向安於現狀，不僅反動保守，無法正視社會不義，同時也會妨礙社會正義的改革而成為維護既得利益者的最佳理由，反而加深現實不平等和階級差異的鴻溝。「批判佛教」學者這些激裂的言論，就宗教信仰層面而言，可說是一革命式的傾覆，企圖推翻長久以來流傳於東亞地區的佛教思想；就學術的觀點而言，的文獻根據和主觀的治學態度，還給釋尊說法言教的最孔恩論點的做法初面貌；就人文的關懷而言，顯然是想運用他們所認為的真正佛陀思想，為當下現實的人文社會把脈，探知日本社會的病源。本論文的內容即是環繞「批判佛教」思潮的各個面向，逐一省察。「批判佛教」的根本主張，是以「緣起」、「無我」兩概念為原始佛教的核心思想，亦是真正佛教的判準，而東亞佛教則具有「dhatu-vada」的構造，此構造實違反「緣起」、「無我」的教義。因此本論文嘗試就「緣起」和「dhatu-vada」二概念的內涵加以釐清。另一方面，「批判佛教」是以一元論形上學作為其主要批判目標，由於日本佛教學界目前對於「批判佛教」的回應僅止於佛教學範圍，並未觸及「批判佛教」思潮對一元論形上學意識型態批判此一層面，因此本論文亦嘗試就此一面向彌補日本佛學界討論之不足。

Humanistic Buddhism in Taiwan has become a mainstream in recent 2 decades. It¡¦s from local form to international organization, and uses the way of commercial management. On the other side, the Buddhist adopt a ¡§inner transformation¡¨ strategy to turn difficult words in the Buddhist Scripture into understandable saying. When Master Sheng Yen was a novice, he had already realized that ¡§the Buddha dharma is so great, but many people misunderstand it and so few people are willing to accept it.¡¨ Therefore, he decided to develop and promote Buddhist higher education. Master Sheng Yen held the religious spirit of universal delivery ,tireless in all his efforts. He established the Dharma Drum Mountain World Center for Buddhist Education in Jinshan Township, Taipei County, in order to practice the Threefold Education¡XExtensive Academic Education, Extensive Public Buddhist Education, and Extensive Social Care Education¡Xwhich is the foundation on which to realize the vision of ¡§uplifting the character of humanity and building a pure land on Earth¡¨. The Master would like to spread the Dharma in language and ideas that people can relate to. For this reason, the Master proposed a series of social movements, hoped to provide concepts and methods applicable in today¡¦s life. These methods include ¡§the Spiritual Environment¡¨,¡¨ Four Kinds of Environmentalism¡¦, ¡§the Fivefold Spiritual Renaissance Campaign¡¨, and ¡§the Six Ethics of the Mind¡¨. The Master is a legendary people. The vision of ¡§uplifting the character of humanity and building a pure land on Earth¡¨ has opened a new sight in Taiwan.

In Dharma Bums (1958), by Jack Kerouac, and Americana (1971), by Don DeLillo, the authors explore the complexity of selfhood as pertaining to individual identity and subjectivity in mid-twentieth century American culture and consciousness, paying specific attention to the relation that these concepts have with media, spatiality, and Buddhism. Although numerous critics provide extensive analyses of these texts, authors, and themes, no critic has paired these texts and authors, and investigated these particular themes in relation to selfhood. I argue that in Dharma Bums and Americana, Kerouac and DeLillo each investigate the influence of media, spatiality, and Buddhism on selfhood, as well as provide competing models of selfhood that offer either self-transformation or self-limitation.

Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Western Sydney, 2007. / A thesis submitted to the University of Western Sydney, College of Arts, School of Education, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Includes bibliographical references.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-01-16T11:03:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 giulianomartinsmassi.pdf: 2442015 bytes, checksum: ad48ce7065f886182968035bc1654ef7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Diamantino Mayra (mayra.diamantino@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-01-31T10:35:05Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 giulianomartinsmassi.pdf: 2442015 bytes, checksum: ad48ce7065f886182968035bc1654ef7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-31T10:35:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 giulianomartinsmassi.pdf: 2442015 bytes, checksum: ad48ce7065f886182968035bc1654ef7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-14 / A tradição de São Tomé Apóstolo está vinculada ao cristianismo indiano de uma maneira desconhecida da maior parte do mundo ocidental. No Oriente, Tomé foi chamado de "o maior dos apóstolos". Aliada à tradição de que esse apóstolo direto de Jesus evangelizou pessoalmente a região indiana da Costa do Malabar, existe uma importante literatura de raízes siríacas e mesopotâmicas, e um grupo de cristãos indianos que se autodenominam, desde os primórdios da Era Cristã, como "Cristãos de São Tomé". Três momentos marcaram a história dos Cristãos de São Tomé: a suposta chegada de Tomé à Índia, em 52 d.C., a Primeira Migração de judeus-cristãos babilônicos, liderada por Tomé de Cana no séc. IV e a Segunda Migração de caldeus-nestorianos que gravitou em torno dos bispos Sapor e Prot, no séc. IX. A questão litúrgica é tão importante, que ela dá nome aos Cristãos de São Tomé da Índia: são "cristãos sírios". Mas também podem ser nambudiris, nairs, knanayas, malabares, dravidianos (ou drávidas, do Sul da Índia), keralitas, "romo-sírios", caldaicos, jacobitas, etc. Formados por um conjunto de comunidades permeadas pelo sistema de castas, em sua maioria praticantes de relações endogâmicas, os Cristãos de São Tomé tiveram sua formação associada inicialmente ao cristianismo sírio-oriental (ou seja, de Edessa) e à Igreja Nestoriana do Oriente, fruto do primeiro cisma da Igreja. Posteriormente se ramificaram em igrejas de várias denominações, a partir da chegada dos portugueses à Índia, tendo ainda incorporado, inclusive, o anglicanismo numa de suas ramificações. Mantiveram, porém, sua cultura, suas relações sociorreligiosas e jamais abdicaram completamente de suas raízes hindus. A forma de adoração pessoal a um único deus na tradição hindu, denominada de bhakti, e a disciplina da vivência religiosa, tradicionalmente conhecida como dharma, dos ensinamentos de Jesus, faz com que esses cristãos indianos tomesinos vivam um cristianismo peculiar e, de muitas formas, muito próximo ao Mestre nazareno, a ponto de se chegar a afirmar que, na Índia, se compreende melhor as palavras de Jesus do que no Ocidente. Em uma palavra, além do cristianismo de Paulo, que caracteriza o cristianismo ocidental, desenvolveu-se no Oriente, particularmente na Índia, um cristianismo igualmente importante, com outras narrativas inclusive apócrifas, tendo em São Tomé uma de suas referências fundamentais. / The tradition of Saint Thomas the Apostle is linked to the Indian Christianity in an unknown way to the most of the Western world. In the Eastern world, Thomas was called “the greatest of the Apostles”. Combined with the tradition that this apostle, directly related to Jesus, personally preached in the Indian region of the Malabar Coast, there is an important documentation about the Syriac and Mesopotamic roots and a group of Indian Christians, identifying themselves as “Saint Thomas Christians”. Three moments marked the history of Saint Thomas Christians: the supposed arrival of Thomas to India, in 52 A.D., the First Migration of Christian Jewish Babylonians, leaded by Thomas of Cana in the 4th century and the Second Migration of Chaldeans Nestorians, that gravitated toward the bishops Sabor and Proth, in the 9th century. The liturgical issue is so important that it gives name to the Christians of St. Thomas in India: they are the "Syrian Christians". But they can also be called Nambudiris, Nairs, Knanayas, Malabars, Dravidians (or Dravidians from South India), Keralites, “Roman-Syrians", Chaldeans, Jacobites, etc. Consisting of a set of communities that work through the caste system, mostly practicing endogamous relations, the Saint Thomas Christians had their creation associated, initially, to the Eastern Syriac Christianity (i.e., from Edessa) and the Nestorian Church of the East, result of the first schism in the Church. Afterwards, they branched out in churches of various denominations since the arrival of the Portuguese people in India, and incorporated even the Anglicanism in one of their branches. They maintained, however, their culture, their socio-religious relations and never completely abdicated their Hindu roots. The individual worship way of one single god in the Hindu tradition, denominated bhakti, and the discipline of the religious living, traditionally known as dharma, from the teachings of Jesus Christ, make of these Indian Christians of Saint Thomas a people who live a particular Christianity and, in many ways, very close to the Nazarene Rabbi, to even state that, in India, the word of Jesus is better understand then in the Western world. In a word, in addition to the Christianity of Paul, that characterizes Western Christianity, an equally important Christianity developed in the East, particularly in India, with other narratives including apocryphal, has Saint Thomas as one of its key references.

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「中華禪法鼓宗」的創辦人聖嚴法師，以宏揚及復興漢傳禪佛教為使命與責任，為中國禪宗兩大法脈臨濟宗與曹洞宗之傳承者，將中國禪法傳播至美洲、歐洲、亞洲及世界各地，被譽為當代重要之國際級中國禪師。 其所教導之禪修體系及方法，因應現代人的需要已不同於傳統禪修方法。主要呈現在兩個方面上：一方面於禪堂正式教導之禪修方法有所轉變，如話頭禪與默照禪兩種禪法合流傳授、分階段及分次第以達頓悟之禪修體系；另一方面以適應現代人容易接受之語言、文字及方法轉化傳統之禪修方法，將之生活化，成為可以利益世人之方法與教導，如「心靈環保」、「心五四」及「心六倫」等社會運動。(取「新」與「心」之諧音) 聖嚴法師晚年因未能見到漢傳禪佛教之快速復興，為期勉僧俗四眾弟子宏揚漢傳禪佛教，以之利益世間大眾。因此，以其畢生所學及所教授之禪佛教，整理出明確之淵源、內容、方法與實踐，於2005年正式創立「中華禪法鼓宗」。這在禪宗史上有著劃時代的意義，實具研究探討之價值。 本論文以「中華禪法鼓宗」的禪修教育為主軸，探討其所創設禪修教育體系之歷史背景、禪修教育方法演進、禪修方法內容、組織體系、推廣活動、及因應現代社會之禪修教育方式轉變等相關問題。主要之研究方法為文獻蒐集與探討分析，並進行人物之訪談與田野調查。 研究結論為聖嚴法師會通「話頭禪」與「默照禪」，建立「頓中開漸」的禪修方法，將禪修過程與層次開出次第，將古代禪法靈活運用、現代化詮釋，融入現代人的日常生活中。中華禪法鼓宗的禪修教育內容及方法豐富、完整而全面，並呼應現代社會需要。目前法鼓山的禪修推廣組織健全，禪修活動課程分次第架構完整，致力將佛法、禪法實用化，讓現代人能得到佛法及禪法的利益。另檢視法鼓宗之立宗要件具足，有其歷史必然性，在聖嚴法師禪師捨報後，仍可理解「中華禪法鼓宗」的運作原則與其歷史重要性。 / Venerable Master Sheng Yen, the founder of the “Dharma Drum Lineage of Chan Buddhism”, had committed himself to transmit and promote the revival of Chan Buddhism as his life’s mission and responsibility. By inheriting both mainstream Chan lineages, the Caodong and Linji lineages, he redefined the Chinese Chan meditation and introduced it to the Americans, Europe, and Asians, as the first Chinese Chan master in the western world. His teaching of meditation, responded to the needs of modern people. This thesis will investigate his way of incorporating and transforming traditional Chan into a systematic education for contemporary followers. First, I will introduce the official teachings in his meditation hall, including how he integrated two methods of Huatou and Silent Illumination in terms of dividing the courses of Chan practice into sequential stages. Moreover, he simplified and assimilated traditional Chan language into more friendly modern vocabularies in spreading his meditation method to modern-day people and provided it in more adaptable way. Consequently, he proposed a series of social movements to internalize Chan practice into daily life. These campaigns include Spiritual Engagement (literally, Protecting the Spiritual Environment), the New May Fourth Movement (here, “New” is pronounced as “mind” in Mandarin in signifying the Spiritual Renaissance ), and the New Six Ethics enlarging the Five Confucius Ethics from socio-family relation to spiritual cultivation. Master Sheng Yen had completed his meditation education system in his very late days, leaving relatively uncertainty and creativity to his disciples. This explains the reason for him to initiate the Dharma Drum lineage in 2005. To put the responsibility on his monastic and lay followers of spreading Chinese Chan Buddhism to benefit people in the world, Master Sheng Yen integrated his lifelong learning and teaching Chan Buddhism experiences into a new Lineage of Chan Buddhism. This thesis will discuss the origin, contents, methods and practice of the “Dharma Drum Lineage of Chan Buddhism. That Master Sheng Yen founded his lineage and referred it as Chinese Chan Buddhism has enlarged the scale of Chinese and world history of Chan. This thesis mainly explores the historical background of "Dharma Drum Lineage of Chan Buddhism” in terms of its meditation educational system, especially the meditation within a modern society. In spite of historical analysis, I will also conduct