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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
31

Assessing Perceptions Toward Implementation of the Nutrition Care Process among Registered Dietitians in Northeast Tennessee.

Gourley, Jessica Lee 05 May 2007 (has links) (PDF)
The purpose of this study was to survey registered dietitians in Northeast Tennessee to determine attitudes toward implementation of the nutrition care process prior to and following education about the nutrition care process and/or implementation of the nutrition care process in their respective healthcare facilities. Approximately 100 registered dietitians were involved in the study. Data were collected through electronic submission and written inquiries. The findings of the study identified that there was a need for further research regarding implementation of the nutrition care process and that negative attitudes, opinions, and barriers were broken down by education, implementation, and exposure to the nutrition care process.
32

Adolescent And Caregiver Identity Distress, Identity Status, And Their Relationship To Psychological Adjustment

Wiley, Rachel 01 January 2009 (has links)
The present study addresses identity distress and identity status in adolescents with clinical diagnoses, and their caregivers. There were 88 adolescent participants (43.2% female) ranging in age from 11 to 20 (mean =14.96; SD =1.85) who were recruited from community mental health centers in Volusia and Orange Counties. The 63 caregiver participants included mothers (82.5%), fathers (7.9%), grandmothers (7.9%), and grandfathers (1.6%), ranging in age from 28-70 (mean = 40.24; SD = 9.16). A significant proportion of adolescents (22.7%) met criteria for Identity Problem in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed., text rev.; American Psychiatric Association, 2000) and 9.5% of the adolescents' caregivers met criteria for Identity Problem. Regarding identity status, 68.2% of adolescents and 27.0% of caregivers reported being in the diffused status. Additionally, 25.0% of adolescents and 54.0% of caregivers met criteria for the foreclosed status. Significant associations were found among adolescent and caregiver psychological symptoms and identity variables. Further examination of the psychological symptom variables found that obsessive-compulsive and paranoid ideation symptoms significantly predicted identity distress. In addition, caregiver identity commitment significantly predicted adolescent identity distress over and above the adolescents' identity variables. These findings and implications are discussed in further detail.
33

Condition Monitoring for Rotational Machinery

Volante, Daniel C. 10 1900 (has links)
<p>Vibrating screens are industrial machines used to sort aggregates through their high rotational accelerations. Utilized in mining operations, they are able to screen dozens of tonnes of material per hour. To enhance maintenance and troubleshooting, this thesis introduces a vibration based condition monitoring system capable of observing machine operation. Using acceleration data collected from remote parts of the machine, software continuously detects for abnormal operation triggered by fault conditions. Users are to be notified in the event of a fault and be provided with relevant information.</p> <p>Acceleration data is acquired from a set of sensor devices that are mounted to specified points on the vibrating screen. Data is then wirelessly transmitted to a centralized unit for digital signal processing. Existing sensor devices developed for a previous project have been upgraded and integrated into the monitoring system. Alternative communication technologies and the utilized Wi-Fi network are examined and discussed.</p> <p>The condition monitoring system's hardware and software was designed following engineering principles. Development produced a functional prototype system, implementing the monitoring process. The monitoring technique utilizes signal filtering and processing to compute a set of variables that reveal the status of the machine. Decision making strategies are then employed as to determine when a fault has occurred.</p> <p>Testing performed on the developed monitoring system has also been documented. The performance of the prototype system is examined as different fault scenarios are induced and monitored. Results and descriptions of virtual simulations and live industrial experiments are presented. The relationships between machine faults and detected fault signatures are also discussed.</p> / Master of Applied Science (MASc)
34

Ošetřovatelská diagnostika na jednotkách intenzivní péče / Nursing diagnosis in intenzive care units

Bartošová, Simona January 2013 (has links)
v AJ: This diploma thesis deals with the field of nursing diagnosis in internal intensive care units. The theoretical part describes the basics of the nursing process and mainly focuses on the nursing diagnosis. Subsequently, it informs the reader about history, development and structure of the NANDA Taxonomy II. The main part of the thesis consists of a quantitative survey which aims at general nurses' knowledge about the nursing diagnosis NANDA - International. It also comments on how nursing diagnoses are made and what opinion general nurses have about making nursing diagnosis and NANDA taxonomy II. Finally, it provides the reader with overview of nursing diagnoses that general nurses often come across in intensive care units. And these diagnoses create uniform file according to the NANDA Taxonomy I I. Klíčová slova v AJ: Nursing diagnosis, nursing process, nursing diagnoses, NANDA- International, intenzive care unit
35

Caracterização do padrão de solicitações psiquiátricas em um hospital geral: estabilidade e mudanças em um período de 30 anos de um serviço de Interconsulta / Referral pattern of requests in a general hospital: stability and change over a period of 30 years of consultation-liaison service

Nakabayashi, Tatiana Iuriko Kawasaki 17 October 2012 (has links)
A Interconsulta Psiquiátrica é considerada por muitos pesquisadores como sendo a área prática e aplicada da Medicina Psicossomática, de conhecimento concernente à investigação da interação entre fatores biológicos e psicossociais no desenvolvi-mento, curso e resultado de todas as doenças. A prevalência de transtornos psiqui-átricos em hospitais gerais pode variar de 20 a 40% entre pacientes internados, po-rém uma reduzida parcela é assistida pela Interconsulta e consequentemente recebe tratamento psiquiátrico. Sendo assim, o presente estudo teve por objetivos: a) obter informações dos dados sociodemográficos dos pacientes e seus históricos em sa¬úde mental (tratamentos anteriores e tentativa de suicídio); b) analisar o uso do ser¬viço de Interconsulta Psiquiátrica, tais como as clínicas solicitantes, função dos pro¬fissionais solicitantes, motivos de solicitação, tempo de internação dos pacientes assistidos, tempo de solicitação do PI e de sua resposta, e o número de atendimen-tos realizados; c) descrever os diagnósticos clínicos e psiquiátricos dos pacientes avaliados através dos critérios estabelecidos pela CID-10; d) analisar intervenções farmacoterapêuticas e não medicamentosas, tais como as condutas sugeridas pelo interconsultor, profissionais solicitados durante a internação, as medicações psico-trópicas em uso e prescritas; e) caracterizar aspectos relacionados aos médicos clí-nicos, aos profissionais de saúde e aos interconsultores; e f) avaliar a qualidade es-trutural da solicitação psiquiátrica realizada pelo profissional clínico e a resposta dada pelo interconsultor. Para tanto, foi realizada uma análise retrospectiva de todas as solicitações consecutivas realizadas entre janeiro de 1981 a dezembro de 2010 para a Psiquiatria do Serviço de Interconsulta em Saúde Mental do Hospital das Clí-nicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo assim como a consulta dos prontuários de todos os pacientes assistidos pelo serviço para obter outras informações. Foram realizadas 4882 solicitações psiquiátricas e a taxa de encaminhamento variou de 0,7 a 1,1%. Dados sociodemográficos dos paci-entes que foram atendidos com mais fre¬quência relacionados ao sexo, cor e/ou et-nia, estado civil, com quem os pacientes residiam (somente para os homens), situa-ção laboral (somente para as mulheres), escolaridade e procedência tenderam a permanecer relativamente estáveis ao longo dos anos. As mulheres apresentaram idade média menor que os homens e foram atendidos com mais frequência: homens e mulheres casados (e mais homens soltei¬ros quando comparados com as mulhe¬res), homens que residiam com seus pais e mulheres que residiam com seus cônju¬ges e filhos, homens afastados de seus tra¬balhos e mulheres responsáveis pelos cuidados da casa, e também pacientes de ambos os sexos com idades entre 21 e 50 anos, pacientes caucasianos, pacientes procedentes do estado de São Paulo e pacientes com escolaridade até ensino fun¬damental completo. As mulheres foram mais frequentemente assistidas pelo serviço de Intercon¬sulta Psiquiátrica ao longo de todos os anos, assim como ficaram menos tempo in¬ternadas e também tiveram solicitações psiquiátricas realizadas em um menor inter¬valo de tempo após a admis¬são hospitalar. Em trinta anos, a Clínica Médica Geral foi a clínica que mais realizou solicitações psiquiátricas, o motivo de solicitação mais frequente foi a presença de sintomas psiquiátricos e o tempo de internação dos pacientes assistidos pela Inter¬consulta foi maior quando comparado aos pacientes internados no hospital de modo geral. Os transtornos neuróticos, somatoformes e relacionados ao estresse foram os diagnósticos psiquiátricos mais comuns entre as mulheres e homens atendidos pelo SISMen, seguido pelos transtornos de humor e transtornos mentais orgânicos nas mulheres e transtornos mentais orgânicos e transtornos devido ao uso de substân¬cias nos homens. Já em relação ao diagnóstico clínico, foram atendidos com mais frequência mulheres com doenças endócrinas, metabólicas e nutricionais e homens com doenças infecciosas e parasitárias; e casos de múltiplas comorbidades clínicas se tornaram mais frequentes com o passar dos anos. As principais condutas sugeri¬das pelos interconsultores foram: atendimento individual, orientação à equipe e prescrição de psicofármacos para ambos os pacientes, permanecendo frequentes ao longo dos anos, com destaque para um aumento progressivo de casos em que medicações psicotrópicas foram prescritas a partir de meados dos anos 90. E com o passar dos anos, os planos de tratamento se tornaram mais complexos e abran¬gentes e houve um aumento progressivo no número de encaminhamentos para atendimento psiquiátrico ambulatorial. Em relação à qualidade estrutural das solici¬tações psiquiátricas e das respostas dadas pelos interconsultores, ambas foram consideradas aceitáveis ou boas na maioria dos casos, sendo um indicativo positivo na qualidade de comunicação entre os profissionais. Pode-se dizer que este foi o primeiro estudo longitudinal a analisar consecutivamente trinta anos e também toda a população assistida por um serviço de Interconsulta Psiquiátrica / Consultation-liaison Psychiatry is considered by many researchers as the practical and applied area of psychosomatic medicine, which is an area of knowledge concerning the investigation of the interaction between biological and psychosocial factors in the development, course and outcome of all diseases. The prevalence of psychiatric disorders in general hospitals range from 20 to 40% of hospitalized patients, but a small portion is assisted by the consultation-liaison and consequently receives psychiatric treatment. Considering this background, this study aimed: a) to obtain information about sociodemographic characteristics of patients and their mental health history (previous treatment and attempted suicide); b) to analyze the referral patterns of consultation-liaison psychiatry, such as referral sources, reasons for referral, length of stay, lagtime and other; c) to describe clinical and psychiatric diagnoses according by ICD-10; d) to analyze pharmacotherapeutic and non-drug interventions; e) to describe aspects related to physicians, health professionals and psychiatrists; and f) to analyze the structural quality of the request made by the physicians and psychiatrists. For this purpose, it was performed a retrospective analysis of all consecutive referrals made between January 1981 and December 2010 to consultation-liaison psychiatry of Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo as well as the review of medical charts of all patients assisted by the service. 4882 referrals were made and consultation rate ranged from 0.7 to 1.1%. Sociodemographic characteristics related to sex, color or ethnicity, marital status, patients who lived (for men), employment status (for women), education and origin tended to remain relatively stable over the years. Women had a lower average age than men and were seen more frequently: married men and women (and more single men compared with women), men who lived with their parents and women who lived with their spouses and children, and also patients of both sexes aged between 21 and 50 years, caucasian patients and patients from the state of Sao Paulo. Women were more often assisted by the consultation-liaison service over the years and the length of stay and lagtime were lower than men. In thirty years, internal medicine was the most frequent referral source, presence of psychiatric symptoms was the common reason for referral and the length of stay of patients assisted by consultation-liaison psychiatry was higher compared to those admitted to the hospital in general. The main clinical diagnoses for women and men were endocrine, nutritional and metabolic, cardiovascular diseases and infectious and parasitic diseases and cases with multiple morbidities have become more frequent over the years. One third of patients were diagnosed with neurotic disorders, stress related and somatoform disorders in women and men, followed by mood disorders and organic mental disorders in women, and organic mental disorders and due to substance use in men. The main interventions were individual therapy, guidelines for staff and prescription of psychotropic drugs for women and men. There was a increase in the number of referrals to outpatient psychiatric care. Psychiatric referrals and responses by psychiatrist were considered acceptable or good in most cases, a positive indicative on the quality of communication between professionals. This was the first longitudinal study to examine thirty years consecutively and also the entire population assisted by Consultation-liaison Psychiatry.
36

Redes probabilísticas: aprendendo estruturas e atualizando probabilidades / Probabilistic networks: learning structures and updating probabilities

Faria, Rodrigo Candido 28 May 2014 (has links)
Redes probabilísticas são modelos muito versáteis, com aplicabilidade crescente em diversas áreas. Esses modelos são capazes de estruturar e mensurar a interação entre variáveis, permitindo que sejam realizados vários tipos de análises, desde diagnósticos de causas para algum fenômeno até previsões sobre algum evento, além de permitirem a construção de modelos de tomadas de decisões automatizadas. Neste trabalho são apresentadas as etapas para a construção dessas redes e alguns métodos usados para tal, dando maior ênfase para as chamadas redes bayesianas, uma subclasse de modelos de redes probabilísticas. A modelagem de uma rede bayesiana pode ser dividida em três etapas: seleção de variáveis, construção da estrutura da rede e estimação de probabilidades. A etapa de seleção de variáveis é usualmente feita com base nos conhecimentos subjetivos sobre o assunto estudado. A construção da estrutura pode ser realizada manualmente, levando em conta relações de causalidade entre as variáveis selecionadas, ou semi-automaticamente, através do uso de algoritmos. A última etapa, de estimação de probabilidades, pode ser feita seguindo duas abordagens principais: uma frequentista, em que os parâmetros são considerados fixos, e outra bayesiana, na qual os parâmetros são tratados como variáveis aleatórias. Além da teoria contida no trabalho, mostrando as relações entre a teoria de grafos e a construção probabilística das redes, também são apresentadas algumas aplicações desses modelos, dando destaque a problemas nas áreas de marketing e finanças. / Probabilistic networks are very versatile models, with growing applicability in many areas. These models are capable of structuring and measuring the interaction among variables, making possible various types of analyses, such as diagnoses of causes for a phenomenon and predictions about some event, besides allowing the construction of automated decision-making models. This work presents the necessary steps to construct those networks and methods used to doing so, emphasizing the so called Bayesian networks, a subclass of probabilistic networks. The Bayesian network modeling is divided in three steps: variables selection, structure learning and estimation of probabilities. The variables selection step is usually based on subjective knowledge about the studied topic. The structure learning can be performed manually, taking into account the causal relations among variables, or semi-automatically, through the use of algorithms. The last step, of probabilities estimation, can be treated following two main approaches: by the frequentist approach, where parameters are considered fixed, and by the Bayesian approach, in which parameters are treated as random variables. Besides the theory contained in this work, showing the relations between graph theory and the construction of probabilistic networks, applications of these models are presented, highlighting problems in marketing and finance.
37

Validação clínica do diagnóstico de enfermagem Risco de atraso no desenvolvimento infantil proposto para a taxonomia NANDA-I / Clinical validation of the nursing diagnoses \"Risk of delay in the child development\" proposed for NANDA-I taxonomy.

Melo, Nádia Proença de 21 June 2018 (has links)
INTRODUÇÃO: O diagnóstico de enfermagem contribui para a implementação da sistematização da assistência na área, porém há poucos diagnósticos de enfermagem voltados à saúde da criança já validados. Pesquisas recentes abordaram o fenômeno desenvolvimento infantil (DI), propondo e realizando a validação de conteúdo de diagnósticos relativos a esse fenômeno para a taxonomia da NANDA-I. Este estudo teve como finalidade contribuir para a validação de um desses diagnósticos. OBJETIVO: realizar a validação clínica do diagnóstico de enfermagem Risco de atraso no desenvolvimento infantil proposto para a taxonomia NANDA-I. MÉTODO: Estudo metodológico, de abordagem quantitativa, com coleta de dados no ambulatório de especialidades do Hospital Infantil Darcy Vargas, São Paulo, SP, e em unidades de saúde da família do município de Catalão, GO, no período de junho a outubro de 2017. A amostra foi de 124 crianças de zero a três anos de idade, em situações clínicas estáveis e em atendimento nos serviços. O roteiro de coleta de dados foi aplicado em entrevistas aos responsáveis pelas crianças, investigando os fatores de risco para atraso no DI: doença crônica; doença aguda; distúrbios genéticos; distúrbios congênitos; distúrbios sensoriais; crescimento inadequado; prematuridade e/ou baixo peso ao nascer; uso de medicações na gestação; uso de tabaco na gestação; uso de álcool e drogas na gestação; exposição a poluentes ambientais; saúde mental materna alterada durante a gestação; doença materna; acompanhamento pré-natal; exposição à violência doméstica; desenvolvimento cognitivo dos pais prejudicado; institucionalização; estimulação inadequada da criança; condições sociais e condições econômicas inadequadas. A pesquisa foi conduzida conforme a Resolução 466/2012, mediante aprovação dos Comitês de Ética em Pesquisa das instituições de ensino envolvidas (nº2070709; n°1.939.608). As crianças foram classificadas conforme proposto no novo diagnóstico e conforme o instrumento de vigilância do desenvolvimento da criança, da caderneta de saúde, adotado como padrão-ouro. Realizaram-se testes de acurácia e de associação dos fatores de risco em relação às crianças que tiveram presença de todos os marcos do desenvolvimento para a idade e às que tiveram algum marco ausente. RESULTADOS: Os fatores de risco sob teste estiveram presentes em 108 (87,1%) crianças, sendo os mais frequentes: condições sociais e econômicas desfavoráveis (N=41 e N=34), doenças agudas e crônicas (N= 40), distúrbios congênitos (N=29), crescimento inadequado (N=28) e prematuridade ou baixo peso de nascimento (N=24). Nos testes de acurácia, a maioria dos valores de especificidade foi acima de 80%, e os de sensibilidade inferiores a 30%. A maioria dos fatores de risco teve odds ratio >1, destacando-se distúrbio genético (OR=38, p<0,001), distúrbio congênito (OR=4,4, p<0,05) e o desenvolvimento cognitivo dos pais prejudicado (OR=27, p<0,05). CONCLUSÃO: O desenho deste estudo forneceu uma direção para a eficiência diagnóstica dos fatores de risco para o diagnóstico proposto, contribuindo para o refinamento da acurácia diagnóstica, por meio da aplicação de testes. Assim, conclui-se que os distúrbios congênitos, os distúrbios genéticos e o desenvolvimento cognitivo dos pais prejudicados obtiveram maior associação com a ausência de marcos para o desenvolvimento. / INTRODUCTION: The existence of nursing diagnoses contributes to the implementation of the systematization of nursing care, however, there are few nursing diagnoses focused on the health of the child that has already been validated. Recent studies have approached the child development phenomenon (CD), proposing and performing the validation of the diagnoses related to this phenomenon for the NANDA-I taxonomy. This study aimed to contribute to the validation of one of these diagnoses. OBJECTIVE: Carrying out the clinical validation of the nursing diagnoses \"Risk of delay in child development\" proposed for the NANDA-I taxonomy. METHOD: Methodological study with a quantitative approach, the data was collected at the Hospital Infantil Darcy Vargas in São Paulo, SP, and also at the Health Strategy Unit in Catalão, GO, from June to October 2017.The sample was 124 children from zero to three years old, in stable clinical situations and in care in services. The instrument was applied during interviews with the caregiver for the children, investigating the risk of delay in CD: chronic disease; acute disease; genetic disorders; congenital disorders; sensory disorders; inadequate growth; prematurity and / or low birth weight; use of medications during pregnancy; use of tobacco during the pregnancy; use of alcohol and drugs during the pregnancy; exposure to environmental pollutants; maternal mental health altered during the pregnancy; maternal disease; prenatal care; exposure to domestic violence; cognitive development of impaired parents; institutionalization; inadequate stimulation of the child; social conditions and inadequate economic conditions. The research was conducted in accordance with the Resolution 466/2012, with the approval of the Research Ethics Committees of the institutions involved (nº2070709; no. 1,939,608). The children were classified according to the new diagnoses and also to the child development surveillance instrument, from the children health booklet, adopted as a gold standard. Tests of accuracy and association of risk factors have been made in relation to the children who had all developmental milestones present for age and who had some missing framework. RESULTS: The risk factors were present in 108 (87.1%) children, with the most frequent being: social conditions and economic conditions (N = 41 and N = 34), acute and chronic diseases (N = 40), congenital disorders (N = 29), inadequate growth (N = 28), and prematurity or low birth weight (N = 24). In the accuracy tests, most of the specificity values was above 80%, and sensitivity was less than 30%. The majority of the risk factors had an odds ratio of > 1, with a genetic disorder (OR = 38, p <0.05) and cognitive impairment of parents impaired (OR = 27, p <0.05). CONCLUSION: It was confirmed that the risk factors for the \"Risk of Delayed CD\" of the NANDA-I diagnoses increase the child\'s chance of having some developmental milestone delay. Although with low sensitivity, the screening tests for CD evaluation may not identify all children classified as risk or delay in CD, false positives, due to the studied phenomenon that considers expanded and continuous aspects of the child.
38

Caracterização do padrão de solicitações psiquiátricas em um hospital geral: estabilidade e mudanças em um período de 30 anos de um serviço de Interconsulta / Referral pattern of requests in a general hospital: stability and change over a period of 30 years of consultation-liaison service

Tatiana Iuriko Kawasaki Nakabayashi 17 October 2012 (has links)
A Interconsulta Psiquiátrica é considerada por muitos pesquisadores como sendo a área prática e aplicada da Medicina Psicossomática, de conhecimento concernente à investigação da interação entre fatores biológicos e psicossociais no desenvolvi-mento, curso e resultado de todas as doenças. A prevalência de transtornos psiqui-átricos em hospitais gerais pode variar de 20 a 40% entre pacientes internados, po-rém uma reduzida parcela é assistida pela Interconsulta e consequentemente recebe tratamento psiquiátrico. Sendo assim, o presente estudo teve por objetivos: a) obter informações dos dados sociodemográficos dos pacientes e seus históricos em sa¬úde mental (tratamentos anteriores e tentativa de suicídio); b) analisar o uso do ser¬viço de Interconsulta Psiquiátrica, tais como as clínicas solicitantes, função dos pro¬fissionais solicitantes, motivos de solicitação, tempo de internação dos pacientes assistidos, tempo de solicitação do PI e de sua resposta, e o número de atendimen-tos realizados; c) descrever os diagnósticos clínicos e psiquiátricos dos pacientes avaliados através dos critérios estabelecidos pela CID-10; d) analisar intervenções farmacoterapêuticas e não medicamentosas, tais como as condutas sugeridas pelo interconsultor, profissionais solicitados durante a internação, as medicações psico-trópicas em uso e prescritas; e) caracterizar aspectos relacionados aos médicos clí-nicos, aos profissionais de saúde e aos interconsultores; e f) avaliar a qualidade es-trutural da solicitação psiquiátrica realizada pelo profissional clínico e a resposta dada pelo interconsultor. Para tanto, foi realizada uma análise retrospectiva de todas as solicitações consecutivas realizadas entre janeiro de 1981 a dezembro de 2010 para a Psiquiatria do Serviço de Interconsulta em Saúde Mental do Hospital das Clí-nicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo assim como a consulta dos prontuários de todos os pacientes assistidos pelo serviço para obter outras informações. Foram realizadas 4882 solicitações psiquiátricas e a taxa de encaminhamento variou de 0,7 a 1,1%. Dados sociodemográficos dos paci-entes que foram atendidos com mais fre¬quência relacionados ao sexo, cor e/ou et-nia, estado civil, com quem os pacientes residiam (somente para os homens), situa-ção laboral (somente para as mulheres), escolaridade e procedência tenderam a permanecer relativamente estáveis ao longo dos anos. As mulheres apresentaram idade média menor que os homens e foram atendidos com mais frequência: homens e mulheres casados (e mais homens soltei¬ros quando comparados com as mulhe¬res), homens que residiam com seus pais e mulheres que residiam com seus cônju¬ges e filhos, homens afastados de seus tra¬balhos e mulheres responsáveis pelos cuidados da casa, e também pacientes de ambos os sexos com idades entre 21 e 50 anos, pacientes caucasianos, pacientes procedentes do estado de São Paulo e pacientes com escolaridade até ensino fun¬damental completo. As mulheres foram mais frequentemente assistidas pelo serviço de Intercon¬sulta Psiquiátrica ao longo de todos os anos, assim como ficaram menos tempo in¬ternadas e também tiveram solicitações psiquiátricas realizadas em um menor inter¬valo de tempo após a admis¬são hospitalar. Em trinta anos, a Clínica Médica Geral foi a clínica que mais realizou solicitações psiquiátricas, o motivo de solicitação mais frequente foi a presença de sintomas psiquiátricos e o tempo de internação dos pacientes assistidos pela Inter¬consulta foi maior quando comparado aos pacientes internados no hospital de modo geral. Os transtornos neuróticos, somatoformes e relacionados ao estresse foram os diagnósticos psiquiátricos mais comuns entre as mulheres e homens atendidos pelo SISMen, seguido pelos transtornos de humor e transtornos mentais orgânicos nas mulheres e transtornos mentais orgânicos e transtornos devido ao uso de substân¬cias nos homens. Já em relação ao diagnóstico clínico, foram atendidos com mais frequência mulheres com doenças endócrinas, metabólicas e nutricionais e homens com doenças infecciosas e parasitárias; e casos de múltiplas comorbidades clínicas se tornaram mais frequentes com o passar dos anos. As principais condutas sugeri¬das pelos interconsultores foram: atendimento individual, orientação à equipe e prescrição de psicofármacos para ambos os pacientes, permanecendo frequentes ao longo dos anos, com destaque para um aumento progressivo de casos em que medicações psicotrópicas foram prescritas a partir de meados dos anos 90. E com o passar dos anos, os planos de tratamento se tornaram mais complexos e abran¬gentes e houve um aumento progressivo no número de encaminhamentos para atendimento psiquiátrico ambulatorial. Em relação à qualidade estrutural das solici¬tações psiquiátricas e das respostas dadas pelos interconsultores, ambas foram consideradas aceitáveis ou boas na maioria dos casos, sendo um indicativo positivo na qualidade de comunicação entre os profissionais. Pode-se dizer que este foi o primeiro estudo longitudinal a analisar consecutivamente trinta anos e também toda a população assistida por um serviço de Interconsulta Psiquiátrica / Consultation-liaison Psychiatry is considered by many researchers as the practical and applied area of psychosomatic medicine, which is an area of knowledge concerning the investigation of the interaction between biological and psychosocial factors in the development, course and outcome of all diseases. The prevalence of psychiatric disorders in general hospitals range from 20 to 40% of hospitalized patients, but a small portion is assisted by the consultation-liaison and consequently receives psychiatric treatment. Considering this background, this study aimed: a) to obtain information about sociodemographic characteristics of patients and their mental health history (previous treatment and attempted suicide); b) to analyze the referral patterns of consultation-liaison psychiatry, such as referral sources, reasons for referral, length of stay, lagtime and other; c) to describe clinical and psychiatric diagnoses according by ICD-10; d) to analyze pharmacotherapeutic and non-drug interventions; e) to describe aspects related to physicians, health professionals and psychiatrists; and f) to analyze the structural quality of the request made by the physicians and psychiatrists. For this purpose, it was performed a retrospective analysis of all consecutive referrals made between January 1981 and December 2010 to consultation-liaison psychiatry of Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo as well as the review of medical charts of all patients assisted by the service. 4882 referrals were made and consultation rate ranged from 0.7 to 1.1%. Sociodemographic characteristics related to sex, color or ethnicity, marital status, patients who lived (for men), employment status (for women), education and origin tended to remain relatively stable over the years. Women had a lower average age than men and were seen more frequently: married men and women (and more single men compared with women), men who lived with their parents and women who lived with their spouses and children, and also patients of both sexes aged between 21 and 50 years, caucasian patients and patients from the state of Sao Paulo. Women were more often assisted by the consultation-liaison service over the years and the length of stay and lagtime were lower than men. In thirty years, internal medicine was the most frequent referral source, presence of psychiatric symptoms was the common reason for referral and the length of stay of patients assisted by consultation-liaison psychiatry was higher compared to those admitted to the hospital in general. The main clinical diagnoses for women and men were endocrine, nutritional and metabolic, cardiovascular diseases and infectious and parasitic diseases and cases with multiple morbidities have become more frequent over the years. One third of patients were diagnosed with neurotic disorders, stress related and somatoform disorders in women and men, followed by mood disorders and organic mental disorders in women, and organic mental disorders and due to substance use in men. The main interventions were individual therapy, guidelines for staff and prescription of psychotropic drugs for women and men. There was a increase in the number of referrals to outpatient psychiatric care. Psychiatric referrals and responses by psychiatrist were considered acceptable or good in most cases, a positive indicative on the quality of communication between professionals. This was the first longitudinal study to examine thirty years consecutively and also the entire population assisted by Consultation-liaison Psychiatry.
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Att samverka med hjälp av Gemensamma Individuella Vårdplaner : en undersökning av ett samverkansprojekt i Sollentuna kommun hösten/vintern 2007

Blom, Robert, Sandström, Ulf January 2007 (has links)
<p>The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of how cooperation functions between the health services and social services within Sollentuna County Municipal area regarding clients and simultaneous or double diagnoses. Focusing more specifically; the paper also aims to provide additionally, an inquiry as to how the implementation of the Gemensam Individuell Vårdplan (GIVP) (The Integrated Individual Service Care Programme or (GIVP) functions within the Sollentuna Municipal County Area. The questions asked in the paper are: How do the Municipal and County Council personnel experience how the (GIVP) system functions in Sollentuna? How do the Municipal Council and County Council personnel respectively describe their own and their cooperative sister services rolls in terms of the implementation of the GIVP system in practice? The projection activates a hypothesis and tries to explain how the cooperation functions and provides an assessment as to how it functions or not as may be the case in practise. The authors attempt to achieve this using a combination of methodologies. Partly through data based collection and collation through the use of a vignette-focus-study and partly through the use of a questionnaire. A combination of methods has been used to collate both quantitative and qualitative data. The analysis and interpretation of the data is managed through the use of Bengt Berggren’s (1982) cooperative model, incorporating both cognitive theory as well as meta-cognitive theory. The purpose and application of the theories is designed both to individually and collectively nuance interpretations of the relevant data. The investigations primary results show the existence of a strong willingness to cooperate. It shows that cooperation is widely regarded as being important, and that in addition, GIVP is regarded as a useful system for an improved integrated service. It additionally suggests that cooperation can be improved amongst the relevant services to an even greater extent.</p>
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Fears, anxieties and cognitive-behavioral treatment of specific phobias in youth

Reuterskiöld, Lena January 2009 (has links)
The present dissertation consists of three empirical studies on children and adolescents presenting with various specific phobias in Stockholm, Sweden and in Virginia, USA. The overall aim was to contribute to our understanding of childhood fears, anxiety and phobias and to evaluate the efficacy and portability of a one-session treatment of specific phobias in youth. Study I tested the dimensionality of the Parental Bonding Instrument, across three generations and for two countries, and examined if parenting behaviors of indifference and overprotection were associated with more anxiety problems in children. The results showed that the four-factor representation of parental behavior provided an adequate fit for the instrument across informants. Perceived overprotection was associated with significantly more anxiety symptoms and comorbid diagnosis in children. Study II explored parent-child agreement on a diagnostic screening instrument for youths. The results indicated that children scoring high on motivation at treatment entry had generally stronger parent-child agreement on co-occurring diagnoses and severity ratings. Parents reported overall more diagnoses for their children, and parents who themselves qualified for a diagnosis seemed more tuned in to their children’s problematic behavior. Study III compared a one-session treatment with an education-supportive treatment condition, and a wait-list control condition for children presenting with various types of specific phobias. The results showed that both treatment conditions were superior to the wait-list control condition and that one-session exposure treatment was superior to education-supportive treatment on several measures. Treatment effects were maintained at a 6-month follow-up. Overall, the above findings suggest that the one-session treatment is portable and effective in treating a variety of specific phobias in children and adolescents.

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