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В магистерской диссертации на основе аудиозаписей разговорных диалогов автором предпринимается попытка выстроить речевой портрет собственной матери. / Within this master degree thesis, the author attempts to build a speech portrait of her own mother, this portrait being based on audio recordings of spoken dialogues with her.

This dissertation is generally concerned with Plato's conception of philosophy, as the conception is ascertainable from the Republic and certain ‘post-Republic' dialogues. It argues that philosophy, according to Plato, is multi-disciplinary; that ‘philosophy' does not mark off just one art or science; that there are various philosophers corresponding to various philosophical sciences, all of which come together under a common aim: betterment of self through intellectual activity. A major part of this dissertation is concerned with Plato's science par excellence, ‘the science of dialectic' (he epistêmê dialektikê). The science of dialectic is distinguished in Plato by being concerned with Forms or Kinds as such; the science of dialectic, alone amongst the philosophical sciences, fully understands what it means for Form X to be a Form. I track the science of dialectic, from its showcase in Republic VI and VII, and analyze its place in relation to the other philosophical sciences in certain post-Republic dialogues. Ultimately, I show that, whilst it is not the only science constituting philosophy, Plato's science of dialectic represents the intellectual zenith obtainable by man; the expert of this science is the topmost philosopher. In this dissertation I also argue that Socrates, as variously depicted in these dialogues, always falls short of being identified as the philosopher par excellence, as that expert with positive knowledge of Forms as such. Yet I also show that, far from being in conflict, the elenctic Socrates and the philosopher par excellence form a complementary relationship: the elenctic philosopher gets pupils to think about certain things in the right way prior to sending them off to work with the philosopher par excellence.

This dissertation conducts in-depth inquiries into the practices, nature and theory of post-industrial cultural work and the humanities- and arts-based civic dialogues which cultural work promotes. Given the broad neglect of utopian thinking in the mainstream of critical social science and in an attempt to sketch out a vision of an alternative future, the aim of this thesis is to outline an “epistemology” for post-industrial cultural work as well as to reflect upon the outlook for educational cultural work practices and their function as a catalyst for civic dialogue and cultural change. The main concerns are the signification, interests and aims embodied in cultural production touching on issues of cultural and scientific learning, alternative modes of democratic governance of science and technology (Felt, Wynne et al. 2007), industrial society’s logic of accumulation and market rationality, the primacy of contemporary instrumental and capitalist values, neoliberalism, globalization and cosmopolitanism. With a view to addressing elementary questions regarding the future of cultural work, which are explored and theorised alongside future perspectives of a new form of knowledge work for the humanities and the arts, the actual challenges of cultural work are considered from within the wider context of the risk society (Beck 1986) and the threats which affect everybody today. In relying on Beck’s (2009) conceptualization of the world risk society as a “non-knowledge society” characterised by the global existence of incalculable risks/threats and non-knowing, the thesis addresses the problem of non-knowledge and unrecognised contingencies as a challenge for cultural work to design processes of (un)learning in civic dialogues. In exploring the social, cultural and political relevance of three empirical case studies, the thesis ventures into the prospects of a new socio-epistemological perspective for cultural work and workspaces for knowledge. The studies investigate three different (techno-)socio-cultural spaces of knowledge: a public exhibition about the new Gotthard Base Tunnel currently under construction in the Swiss Alps, Jennifer Baichwal’s film Manufactured Landscapes (2006) about the Canadian photographer Edward Burtynsky and China’s industrial revolution, and the living intervention Fairytale at Documenta 12, 2007, which brought 1,001 Chinese citizens to Kassel, Germany. Actor-Network Theory (ANT) is employed as a tool for the analysis of the material-semiotic properties of differing knowledges, the heterogeneous relations of socio-economic networks, and the global and uncertain conditions of the post-industrial world in which cultural work is embedded. What is colloquially referred to as post-industrial cultural knowledge work in this thesis is elaborated in the context of a propositional socio-epistemological second-order framework (Von Foerster 1984; Pakman 2003) for cultural work and its entanglements with ethics, aesthetics, pragmatics, politics—and biopolitical production (Hardt and Negri 2000; 2009). In order to build “third spaces” of knowledge (Turnbull 2000) and to nurture uncertainty-oriented approaches and contingencies, the findings propose the development of more open, (self-)reflexive and anticipating forms of thinking and acting in cultural production fields with the aim to catalyse societal developments, to foster intrinsic values and to create cultural workplace identities with a moral-ecological-political awareness (cf. Banks 2006; 2007) invoking new interactions between viewers, audiences and the environment.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:22:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fausto Barreira Sombra Junior.pdf: 10076449 bytes, checksum: 7c2bc32af4fbb1c9ed274630f8318229 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-26 / Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa / Immersed in Brazil s modernist ideal of the second quarter of the 20th century, in the mid-1930s, Luís Saia began his intense practical and intellectual production on the study, defense and contribution to the country s material heritage while still a student in the engineering and architectural degree course at the Polytechnic School of the University of São Paulo. This work was undertaken alongside respected figures, such as: Dina Lévi-Strauss, Mário de Andrade, Rodrigo Mello Franco de Andrade and Lúcio Costa, in addition to the impact and influence of other well-known characters in architectural practice and theory, including: João Batista Vilanova Artigas, Eduardo Kneese de Mello, Lina Bo Bardi and Nestor Goulart Reis Filho, among others. Starting with this brief context, this paper first aims to identify and present the topics of most relevance to the São Paulo-based architect s professional trajectory taking an encompassing, horizontal approach to his work. There is then a closer look at the actions Saia carried out for the monument titled Sítio Santo Antônio, located in the city of São Roque, through a detailed study of the issues regarding the restoration of this paradigmatic, rural monument from the 17th century that allows the detection and deeper understanding, from excerpts of existing documents and official letters, of part of the dialogues held between the important figures involved in the project. There is a focus on the modern thinking and ideologies that helped encourage the debate surrounding the architectural heritage in the state of São Paulo and at the national level. / Imerso no ideal modernista nacional do segundo quartel do século 20, em meados da década de 1930, ainda como estudante do curso de engenheiro-arquiteto pela Escola Politécnica da Universidade de São Paulo, Luís Saia iniciou sua intensa produção prática e intelectual relacionada ao estudo, defesa e intervenção do patrimônio material. Esse trabalho se deu ao lado de importantes figuras como: Dina Lévi-Strauss, Mário de Andrade, Rodrigo Mello Franco de Andrade e Lúcio Costa, além do contato com outras tantas personalidades relacionadas à prática e teoria arquitetônica, como: João Batista Vilanova Artigas, Eduardo Kneese de Mello, Lina Bo Bardi, Nestor Goulart Reis Filho, entre outros. Com base nesse breve contexto, a presente pesquisa busca, preliminarmente, identificar e apresentar as mais relevantes temáticas atreladas ao perfil profissional do arquiteto paulista, no sentido de uma análise mais abrangente e horizontal de sua obra. Em seguida, nos acercaremos às ações empreendidas por Luís Saia no monumento conhecido como Sítio Santo Antônio situado na cidade de São Roque São Paulo, por meio de um estudo mais atento às questões que envolveram a restauração desse paradigmático monumento rural do século 17, nos permitindo vislumbrar e esclarecer, com trechos extraídos dos ofícios e documentos existentes, parte dos diálogos empreendidos entre importantes nomes e personalidades envolvidas nesse projeto, destacando a presença do pensamento e das ideologias modernas que auxiliaram a fomentar o debate acerca do patrimônio arquitetônico paulista e nacional.

This dissertation explores humanism, the rediscovery of the culture of ancient Greece and Rome, in late fifteenth- and early sixteenth-century England. It does so with reference to texts, institutional settings, and networks both within and beyond England, and examines the activities of several seemingly minor figures who have been absent from recent scholarship on the topic: John Holt, William Lily, Richard Croke, Leonard Cox, and Thomas Lupset. These figures made distinctive and original contributions to the genres in which they operated, whether the grammatical manual, educational treatise, dialogue, or philosophical meditation. They are also noteworthy for their considerable influence, whether in England or further abroad. With regard to Croke and Cox, the integration of previously unknown sources from France and Germany and overlooked ones from eastern Europe reveals that England could be an exporter and not merely an importer of humanism. Taken together, these individuals demonstrate that English humanism was more sophisticated and complex than its frequent characterisation as 'Erasmian' would suggest. In addition, this dissertation analyses the influence of humanism on two school foundations: St Paul's School and Ipswich College. It re-evaluates the portrayal of John Colet as an anti-intellectual, and understands St Paul's as a deeply personal endeavour, reflecting his desire to do better for the next generation. It establishes the depth and significance of humanism in Cardinal Wolsey's foundation of Ipswich College, hitherto accorded less importance by historians than his Oxford college. The examination of the little-known materials he published on the eve of his fall in 1529, together with reports from staff on its progress, show that he regarded it as central to his ambitious vision for England and to the creation of his own reputation as a civic humanist. This research therefore revises our understanding of a neglected period, and engages with the vexed questions at the heart of the study of humanism: how contemporaries dealt with the tension between their faith and their enthusiasm for pagan culture, and regarded the rival attractions of scholarly leisure and active public service.

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L'objet de cette thèse est la définition et l'étude, au moyen d'une maquette, du concept de Traduction Automatisée Fondée sur le Dialogue pour auteur monolingue. Nous situons d'abord l'objet de cette étude dans une perspective historique en montrant pourquoi les travaux précédents en TAFD n'ont pas (encore) conduit à des systèmes utilisés en pratique. Nous proposons alors le concept de TAFD pour auteur monoligue qui offre de nouvelles perspectives concrètes et permet de poser des questions scientifiques intéressantes. Le but est de permettre à un auteur monolingue de documentation technique de traduire les documents qu'il rédige. Dans ce cadre, l'auteur aide le système à traduire dans une ou plusieurs langues cibles, via une standardisation et une clarification interactives effectuées une seule fois quel que soit l'ensemble des langues cibles visées. Afin que la station de rédaction de l'auteur soit un ordinateur personnel de milieu de gamme, le système est distribué. Les traitements linguistiques couteux (analyse, transfert et génération) - écrits en Ariane-G5 par les linguistes du GETA - sont donc effectués sur un serveur de traduction distribué en mode asynchrone. La maquette LIDIA-1 permet d'étudier les contraintes informatiques, ergonomiques et linguistiques d'un tel système, et de proposer des solutions. Elle permet de traduire une pile de démonstration qui explique certaines ambiguités du français, vers l'allemand, l'anglais et le russe. Pour vérifier les traductions produites, l'auteur peut demander des rétrotraductions. Nous avons utilisé une architecture distribuée dans laquelle trois serveurs communiquent au moyen de messages et de boîtes aux lettres. Le processus de clarification est basé sur un mécanisme de reconnaissance de patrons à chacun desquels est associée une méthode de production du dialogue en langue naturelle.

<p>This dissertation focuses on gender-related terms as well as adjectives and demonstratives in connection with these terms used in texts from the period 1670–1720. The material in the study has been drawn from both English and American sources and comes from three text categories: depositions, examinations and journals. Two of these text categories represent authentic and speech-related language use (depositions and examinations), whereas the third (journals) is representative of a non-speech-related, non-fictional text category. While previous studies of gender-related terms have primarily investigated fictional material, this study focuses on text categories which have received little attention so far. </p><p>The overarching research question addressed in this study concerns the use and distribution of gender-related terms, especially with regard to referent gender. Data analyses are both quantitative and qualitative, and several linguistic and extra-linguistic factors are taken into account, such as the semantic domain to which the individual gender-related term belongs, region of origin and referent gender. Adjectives and demonstratives collocating with the gender-related terms are also investigated, as previous research has shown that referent gender has an impact on the use of adjectives as well.</p><p>The results show that the use of gender-related terms is influenced by both region of origin and referent gender. It is suggested that this is due in part to the difference in nature between Early Modern English society and the early American colonies, and in part due to the social roles which men and women had. Referent gender also has an impact on the type of adjectives used in connection with gender-related terms: adjectives collocating with gender-related terms denoting men have positive connotations to a larger extent than do adjectives collocating with their female counterparts; meanwhile, gender-related terms denoting women tend to collocate with negative adjectives. </p>

This thesis analyses how societal adaptation processes in public and private sectors at the regional to local level in Sweden are enacted. The thesis pays particular attention to critical factors that constrain or enable adaptation by focussing on: who are the stakeholders, how do different stakeholders perceive their capacity to adapt, and the role of stakeholder interaction in facilitating adaptation processes A combination of two analytical perspectives is used where one is based on key concepts within adaptation literature, and the other draws on boundary crossing and transdisciplinary knowledge production (stakeholders, adaptive capacity, and science-based stakeholder dialogues). The study is conducted within the scope of two overall case studies of local adaptation processes within an urban region, and a land-use based sector, the private forestry sector. The cases are setting the scene for the collection of empirical material which is achieved through qualitative methods, primarily focus groups discussions with local and regional, public and private stakeholders with an interest in, and responsibility for adaptation. The focus groups meetings are organized as a series of meetings to which different participatory techniques are applied. The study also builds on a comprehensive stakeholder mapping. First, the results suggest a systematic method for identifying stakeholders in adaptation research, policy, and planning applicable in both sectors and regions that combines top-down knowledge with experience and knowledge based on bottom-up processes. Second, the analysis of perceived adaptive capacities reveal several facilitating and constraining factors that relates both to the characteristics of climate risks, experience of climate variability and extreme weather events, and responsibility- and decision-making structures. Third, the analysis of the interaction between local experts and scientists show that there is potential for the boundary spanning function of science-based stakeholder dialogues in facilitating adaptation through stimulating questions and sharing different knowledge bases and experiences among the participants. However further attention needs to be taken to the institutional environment and the role of so called anchoring devices that help local experts to contextualise, discus and thus anchor scientific knowledge in their own decision-making context. In conclusion, there are both commonalities between adaptation processes in the two case studies and some marked differences, e.g., regarding the concept of adaptation, what type of adaptation actions that are identified, the perceived opportunities for adaptation and degree of complexity. / Denna avhandling analyserar hur klimatanpassningsprocesser inom privata och offentliga sektorer på regional till lokal nivå i Sverige initieras, utvecklas och genomförs. Avhandlingen ägnar särskild uppmärksamhet åt identifiering av vilka intressenter (”stakeholders”) som är involverade i att underlätta och genomföra anpassning, uppfattningar om anpassningsförmåga samt vilken roll interaktion mellan olika intressenter kan ha för att underlätta anpassning. En kombination av två analytiska perspektiv används som bygger på tidigare forskning om klimatanpassningsprocesser samt transdisciplinär kunskapsproduktion. Studien genomförs inom ramen för två övergripande fallstudier av anpassningsprocesser i en urban region samt den privata skogssektorn. Fallstudierna utgör grunden för insamlingen av det empiriska materialet som bygger på kvalitativa metoder. Den främsta metoden är fokusgruppsdiskussioner med lokala och regionala, privata och offentliga aktörer med intresse av, eller ansvar för klimatanpassning. Fokusgrupperna organiseras som en serie möten där olika deltagandetekniker tillämpas. Studien bygger också på en omfattande intressentkartläggning. I avhandlingen utvecklas och ges förslag på en stegvis metod för att identifiera intressenter för anpassningsprocesser som kan användas inom forskning och praktik. Studien analyserar också hur olika intressentgrupper upplever förmågan att hantera klimatförändringar. Ett antal möjliggörande och begränsande faktorer identifieras så som karaktären på de upplevda klimatriskerna, erfarenhet av klimatvariationer och extrema väderhändelser, samt ansvar- och beslutsstrukturer. Slutligen, analyseras om och i så fall hur interaktionen mellan lokala experter och forskare som deltar i intressantdialoger (”science-based stakeholder dialogues”) kan underlätta anpassning. Resultaten visar att det finns potential genom att deltagarna ges möjlighet att ställa frågor tillvarandra och dela med sig av sina olika kunskapsbaser och erfarenheter, samt utforska olika anpassningsalternativ. Däremot behövs vidare studier för att undersöka betydelsen av det institutionella sammanhanget samt hur olika verktyg (”anchoring devices”) kan bidra när det gäller att förankra och omsätta kunskap om klimatförändringar i olika beslutskontexter. Avslutningsvis visar denna studie på att det finns både likheter och skillnader i hur anpassningsprocesser kommer till uttryck bland de olika aktörsgrupperna inom fallstudierna, t.ex. när det gäller hur begreppet anpassning används, vilken typ av anpassning som identifieras, upplevda möjligheter för anpassning samt graden av komplexitet.