CARVALHO, Paulo Roberto de Lima. Desempenho de suinos nas fases de crescimento e terminação alimentados com dietas contendo deferentes níveis de inclusão de farelo de castanha de caju e formas de arraçoamento. 2005. 50 f. : Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Departamento de Zootecnia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia, Fortaleza-CE. 2005. / Submitted by demia Maia (demiamlm@gmail.com) on 2016-08-10T15:37:04Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2005_dis_prlcarvalho.pdf: 313194 bytes, checksum: 36318f96c90aed2f60e01810c6d4dbe1 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Nádja Goes (nmoraissoares@gmail.com) on 2016-08-12T12:22:27Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2005_dis_prlcarvalho.pdf: 313194 bytes, checksum: 36318f96c90aed2f60e01810c6d4dbe1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-12T12:22:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2005_dis_prlcarvalho.pdf: 313194 bytes, checksum: 36318f96c90aed2f60e01810c6d4dbe1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / It was 32 piglets castrated males of commercial lineage, with 70 days old and with mean weight of 27,53 kg, with objective to evaluate the effect of the inclusion of different levels of cashew nut meal (CNM) and feeds forms on the performance zootecnic of swines in the phases of growth (from 70 to 104 days and weight from 27,53 to 61,4 kg) e termination (from 104 to 137 days and weight from 61,4 to 93,7 kg), how so your economic viability. The experiment design used was randomized blocks with scheme factorial 4 X 2, four levels of inclusion of CNM (0; 6; 12 e 18%) and two feed forms (humid and dry diets) with four replications to treatment and one animal to part. The criterion used for block formation was the initial weight of animals. In the phase of growth and during the total period, the daily mean weight gain (DMWG), daily mean feed intake (DMFI) and the feed conversion (FC) weren´t affected (P > 0,05) by inclusion of different levels of cashew nut meal (CNM) and humid and dry diets. In the phase of termination, the daily mean weight gain (DMWG) and the feed conversion (FC) didn´t exhibited different significant, but, there was decrescent linear effect (Y = 3.372,6 – 24,56x) with R2 = 0,82 to the daily mean feed intake (DMFI) of swines while increased the levels of CNM. There was significant different in the interation between the inclusion levels of CNM and humid diets, exhibiting crescent linear effect (Y = 938,65 + 6,9x) with R2 = 0,79 and (Y = 980,75 + 3,79x) with R2 = 0,73 to the daily mean weight gain (DMWG) in the phase of growth and during the total period, respectivement, and to the dry diets, decrescent linear effect (Y = 3.470 - 38,33x) with R2 = 0,81, to the daily mean feed intake (DMFI) in the phase of termination. Concluded that the utilization of cashew nut meal until the level of 18% in the feeds is viable technicament for swines in the phases of growh and termination, and that the inclusion levels of CNM of 12% obtained the best bioeconomic response. / Foram utilizados 32 leitões machos castrados de linhagem comercial, com 70 dias de idade e com peso médio de 27,53 kg, com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos de diferentes níveis de inclusão do farelo da amêndoa da castanha de caju (FACC) e formas de arraçoamento sobre o desempenho zootécnico de suínos nas fases de crescimento (70 a 104 dias e peso de 27,53 a 61,4 kg) e terminação (104 a 137 dias e peso de 61,4 a 93,7 kg), bem como sua viabilidade econômica. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso com esquema fatorial 4 X 2 (quatro níveis de inclusão de FACC (0; 6; 12 e 18%) e duas formas de arraçoamento - dietas secas e úmidas) com quatro repetições por tratamento e um animal por parcela. O critério para formação dos blocos foi o peso inicial dos animais. Os resultados mostraram que para a fase de crescimento e o período total, o ganho de peso médio diário (GPMD), consumo de ração médio diário (CRMD) e a conversão alimentar (CA) não foram afetados (P > 0,05) pelos diferentes níveis de inclusão de FACC e formas de arraçoamento. Para a fase de terminação, o ganho de peso médio diário e a conversão alimentar também não apresentaram diferença significativa (P > 0,05), porém, houve efeito linear decrescente (Y = 3.372,6 - 24,56x) com R2 = 0,82 para o consumo de ração médio diário dos suínos à medida que aumentaram os níveis de FACC nas rações. Para o ganho de peso médio diário nas fases de crescimento e período total, a interação entre os níveis de farelo da amêndoa da castanha de caju e as formas de arraçoamento mostrou efeito linear crescente para a ração úmida, (Y = 938,65 + 6,90x) com R2 = 0,79 e (Y = 980,75 + 3,79x) com R2 = 0,73, respectivamente, já para o consumo de ração médio diário na fase de terminação houve efeito linear decrescente (Y = 3.470 - 38,33x) com R2 = 0,81. Conclui-se que é tecnicamente viável a utilização do farelo da amêndoa da castanha de caju até o nível de 18% nas rações para suínos nas fases de crescimento e terminação independente da forma de arraçoamento, e que o nível de 12% de inclusão de FACC foi o que mostrou melhor resposta bioeconômica

CARVALHO, Paulo Roberto de Lima. Desempenho de suinos nas fases de crescimento e terminação alimentados com dietas contendo deferentes níveis de inclusão de farelo de castanha de caju e formas de arraçoamento. 2005. 50 f. : Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Departamento de Zootecnia, Fortaleza-CE, 2005 / Submitted by Nádja Goes (nmoraissoares@gmail.com) on 2016-08-12T12:48:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2005_dis_prlicarvalho.pdf: 313194 bytes, checksum: a35106355a9171fbb0c7a3ccc405101b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Nádja Goes (nmoraissoares@gmail.com) on 2016-08-12T12:48:48Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2005_dis_prlicarvalho.pdf: 313194 bytes, checksum: a35106355a9171fbb0c7a3ccc405101b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-12T12:48:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2005_dis_prlicarvalho.pdf: 313194 bytes, checksum: a35106355a9171fbb0c7a3ccc405101b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / It was 32 piglets castrated males of commercial lineage, with 70 days old and with mean weight of 27,53 kg, with objective to evaluate the effect of the inclusion of different levels of cashew nut meal (CNM) and feeds forms on the performance zootecnic of swines in the phases of growth (from 70 to 104 days and weight from 27,53 to 61,4 kg) e termination (from 104 to 137 days and weight from 61,4 to 93,7 kg), how so your economic viability. The experiment design used was randomized blocks with scheme factorial 4 X 2, four levels of inclusion of CNM (0; 6; 12 e 18%) and two feed forms (humid and dry diets) with four replications to treatment and one animal to part. The criterion used for block formation was the initial weight of animals. In the phase of growth and during the total period, the daily mean weight gain (DMWG), daily mean feed intake (DMFI) and the feed conversion (FC) weren´t affected (P > 0,05) by inclusion of different levels of cashew nut meal (CNM) and humid and dry diets. In the phase of termination, the daily mean weight gain (DMWG) and the feed conversion (FC) didn´t exhibited different significant, but, there was decrescent linear effect (Y = 3.372,6 – 24,56x) with R2 = 0,82 to the daily mean feed intake (DMFI) of swines while increased the levels of CNM. There was significant different in the interation between the inclusion levels of CNM and humid diets, exhibiting crescent linear effect (Y = 938,65 + 6,9x) with R2 = 0,79 and (Y = 980,75 + 3,79x) with R2 = 0,73 to the daily mean weight gain (DMWG) in the phase of growth and during the total period, respectivement, and to the dry diets, decrescent linear effect (Y = 3.470 - 38,33x) with R2 = 0,81, to the daily mean feed intake (DMFI) in the phase of termination. Concluded that the utilization of cashew nut meal until the level of 18% in the feeds is viable technicament for swines in the phases of growh and termination, and that the inclusion levels of CNM of 12% obtained the best bioeconomic response. / Foram utilizados 32 leitões machos castrados de linhagem comercial, com 70 dias de idade e com peso médio de 27,53 kg, com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos de diferentes níveis de inclusão do farelo da amêndoa da castanha de caju (FACC) e formas de arraçoamento sobre o desempenho zootécnico de suínos nas fases de crescimento (70 a 104 dias e peso de 27,53 a 61,4 kg) e terminação (104 a 137 dias e peso de 61,4 a 93,7 kg), bem como sua viabilidade econômica. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso com esquema fatorial 4 X 2 (quatro níveis de inclusão de FACC (0; 6; 12 e 18%) e duas formas de arraçoamento - dietas secas e úmidas) com quatro repetições por tratamento e um animal por parcela. O critério para formação dos blocos foi o peso inicial dos animais. Os resultados mostraram que para a fase de crescimento e o período total, o ganho de peso médio diário (GPMD), consumo de ração médio diário (CRMD) e a conversão alimentar (CA) não foram afetados (P > 0,05) pelos diferentes níveis de inclusão de FACC e formas de arraçoamento. Para a fase de terminação, o ganho de peso médio diário e a conversão alimentar também não apresentaram diferença significativa (P > 0,05), porém, houve efeito linear decrescente (Y = 3.372,6 - 24,56x) com R2 = 0,82 para o consumo de ração médio diário dos suínos à medida que aumentaram os níveis de FACC nas rações. Para o ganho de peso médio diário nas fases de crescimento e período total, a interação entre os níveis de farelo da amêndoa da castanha de caju e as formas de arraçoamento mostrou efeito linear crescente para a ração úmida, (Y = 938,65 + 6,90x) com R2 = 0,79 e (Y = 980,75 + 3,79x) com R2 = 0,73, respectivamente, já para o consumo de ração médio diário na fase de terminação houve efeito linear decrescente (Y = 3.470 - 38,33x) com R2 = 0,81. Conclui-se que é tecnicamente viável a utilização do farelo da amêndoa da castanha de caju até o nível de 18% nas rações para suínos nas fases de crescimento e terminação independente da forma de arraçoamento, e que o nível de 12% de inclusão de FACC foi o que mostrou melhor resposta bioeconômica

<i>Leptophyes punctatissima</i> is unusual in that both sexes call. The male calls, the female replies and the male performs phonotaxis to the stationary female. Consequently mate choice could occur at either of two stages: first, during the interchange of calls and second, on the basis of proximate criteria once the male has approached. There is no evidence that females choose their mates on the basis of calling behaviour or call characteristics, though males that call more may achieve more matings. There is no evidence that body asymmetry has any effect on mating success for either sex. Males on a protein-supplemented diet do not produce larger spermatophores than males whose diet is not supplemented, but they do mate more often, possibly as a result of female choice but more likely because diet affects the rate at which males can produce spermatophores. Unsupplemented females mate more often than supplemented females, possibly as a result of male male choice or because they are seeking matings so that they can supplement their diet with spermatophores. Males give larger spermatophores to unsupplemented females. Larger males produce larger spermatophores. They also mate more often than smaller males, possibly as a consequence of female choice, success in male-male contests, or because larger males have larger energy reserves and can produce spermatophores more quickly. Larger females mate more often than smaller females but only when their diet was supplemented. Females lay more eggs the more times they mate. Females lay heavier eggs after their first mating than they do in later batches, and unsupplemented females lay more eggs after their first mating than supplemented females do, but otherwise female size, diet or level of asymmetry has no effect on the size or weight of eggs, or the number of eggs laid. The total weight of spermatophores females receive does not affect any measure of female reproductive success: neither fecundity, egg size or egg weight is affected by the weight of spermatophores females consume, irrespective of the diet the females were maintained on. Diet, size or number of matings does not affect female longevity.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of whether pounds are being lost or gained on the rate at which people discount the value of weight change outcomes, as well as determine the effects of whether pounds are being lost or gained and diet length on the value of access to higher calorie foods relative to weight change outcomes. This was accomplished by repeatedly asking participants to choose between two dietary options of the same length but which resulted in gaining or losing a certain number of pounds. Each question varied the length of the diet, how many pounds could be gained or lost, and whether those pounds were being gained when they chose the higher calorie diet or lost when they chose the lower calorie diet. The survey was administered with 30 participants. Whether pounds per being gained or lost did not have a significant effect on the rate at which weight change outcomes were discounted (t = 1.883, p = .07), but did have a significant effect on how many pounds needed to be at stake per day in order for the participant to choose the lower calorie diet (t = 4.995, p < .01). There was also a significant correlation between diet length and how many pounds needed to be at stake per day in order for the participant to choose the lower calorie diet (ρ = -.373, p <.01). The current investigation has implications for our understanding of choice and discounting behavior, and has specific implications for people who wish to make healthier dietary decisions.

The long-tailed duck (Clangula hyemalis; hereafter LTDU) breeds on the arctic tundra across Alaska and Canada and winters south of the ice edge along the Pacific and Atlantic coasts, as well as on the Great Lakes. Data suggest that LTDU populations are in decline and, as a result, efforts have been made to better understand their population distributions through satellite telemetry studies. Radio-marked LTDUs from previous studies have shown very little use of Lake Michigan, even though aerial surveys indicate that large concentrations of this species overwinter there. LTDUs using Lake Michigan face a host of conservation issues, such as risk of exposure to type E botulism, bycatch in fishing gear, wind energy development, and a changing ecosystem. Using satellite telemetry, I documented migratory routes and habitat use of LTDUs wintering on Lake Michigan. LTDUs on Lake Michigan were captured via night-lighting and 10 LTDUs were surgically implanted with Telonics platform transmitter terminals (PTTs). Six (60%) radio-marked LTDUs provided information on Lake Michigan habitat use, while only 3 (30%) provided information on migratory routes. The average distance from shore of individual radio-marked LTDUs on Lake Michigan varied from 1.4-7.8 km and average water depths at these locations varied from 16.8-27.7 m during daylight hours. At night, radio-marked LTDUs were located further offshore (averaging 7.3-16.5 km) and at deeper water depths (averaging 59.6-74.8 m). LTDUs tended to move south on Lake Michigan as winter progressed, and then relocated to the north basin before spring migration. James Bay and Hudson Bay were the primary stopover sites during spring and fall migration, and the province of Nunavut, Canada was used during the breeding season. After breeding, radio-marked LTDUs traveled north to waters near Adelaide Peninsula, Nunavut, Canada. Only one radio-marked LTDU provided information for a full migration cycle and it returned to winter on Lake Michigan. Two methods, ocular and molecular examination of the alimentary canal, were used to determine the diets of LTDUs on Lake Michigan. A total of 16 LTDU carcasses were donated by hunters for diet determination. An esophageal, small intestine, and cloacal swab were collected from each carcass for molecular determination of prey species through qPCR analysis. The esophagus of each carcass was then removed and prey items determined to lowest taxonomic level using a dissection microscope (10X Ocular). Molecular methods detected more prey species (4) than ocular methods (1), so molecular methods show promise as a non-lethal means to determine LTDU diets. Quagga mussel (Dreissena rostriformis bugensis) was the primary prey item with 100% occurrence. Diporeia spp., yellow perch (Perca flavescens), and alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) were also detected, suggesting that LTDUs are opportunistic feeders. An in-person hunter harvest survey was conducted at Two Rivers, Wisconsin, to determine how environmental variables influenced harvest, to estimate harvest rates, and to gather hunter input regarding hunting regulations on Lake Michigan. Results indicate that LTDUs made up 97% of the total harvest, and that hunters averaged 3.8 LTDUs per day. Harvest of LTDUs was positively correlated with hunter numbers, and wave height was the most influential environmental variable affecting hunter numbers. Results suggest that few hunters go out when wave heights exceed 1.5 m. Hunters indicated that they would prefer a later or longer season on Lake Michigan, and that they were concerned about LTDU populations. Information from this study aids resource managers and scientists as they seek to determine basic information regarding LTDUs that winter on Lake Michigan. Migratory data is important in determining if the eastern population of North American LTDUs should be managed based on wintering and/or breeding distribution, while habitat use information will aid in mitigating impacts from fishing bycatch and future wind energy development. Habitat use and diet data will benefit resource managers and scientists seeking to determine where and how LTDUs may become exposed to avian botulism type E. Diet data will also aid in determining how LTDU diets are changing due to the altered ecosystem in Lake Michigan from introduced and invasive species. Moreover, results from the diet portion of this study suggest that molecular methods, that can be used non-lethally or in combination with lethal methods, show promise for determining LTDU prey items. Information on harvest rates can be used in determining harvest impacts, while hunter perceptions may aid resource managers as they make decisions regarding season structure and limits for LTDUs on Lake Michigan.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:25:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-03-03Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:12:09Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 pereira_pc_me_botib.pdf: 334437 bytes, checksum: 083fb6222d7db9f03ec3da4fe09e2bf2 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A obesidade, assim como o estresse, constituem-se em fatores de risco para a mortalidade e morbidade cardiovasculares. Embora haja relatos sobre alterações de reatividade vascular em indivíduos obesos e expostos ao estresse, isoladamente, torna-se imprescindível, para a avaliação de risco cardiovascular, o conhecimento da resposta vascular adaptativa ao estresse em condição de obesidade estabelecida. Assim, o objetivo foi avaliar os efeitos da obesidade induzida por dieta sobre a resposta vascular adaptativa ao estresse agudo de imobilização em ratos adultos. Para tanto, foram utilizados ratos machos Wistar, separados em 4 grupos: controle e estresse que receberam dieta padrão; e obeso e obeso/estresse que receberam dieta hipercalórica durante 15 semanas. A obesidade foi determinada pelo índice de adiposidade: [(gorduras epididimal+retroperitoneal+visceral)/peso corpóreo final]x100. O peso corpóreo foi avaliado semanalmente. O consumo das dietas foi calculado diariamente para a determinação da ingestão alimentar, ingestão calórica e eficiência alimentar. A pressão arterial sistólica foi aferida durante o protocolo de obesidade. Foi realizado também o teste de tolerância à insulina e à glicose. Após o período de 15 semanas os animais do grupo estresse e obeso/estresse foram submetidos ao estresse agudo de imobilização por 2 horas. Imediatamente após o término da sessão de estresse, os animais foram decapitados e a aorta torácica, as gorduras epididimal, retroperitoneal e visceral foram retiradas. Curvas à noradrenalina, na presença ou ausência de prazosin ou L-NAME, curvas ao KCl e curvas ao cálcio foram obtidas em anéis de aorta torácica, com (+E) e sem endotélio (-E). Avaliou-se a reatividade vascular: resposta máxima (RM) e concentração eficaz de 50% (EC50). O índice de adiposidade, a ingestão calórica, a eficiência alimentar... / Obesity, as well as stress, constitute a risk factors for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Although there are reports on vascular reactivity alterations in obese subjects and those exposed to stress, isolated, it becomes essential for the cardiovascular risk assessment, the knowledge of the circulatory adaptation to acute stress and its mechanisms in subjects with established obesity. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the effects of diet-induced obesity on vascular adaptive response to acute immobilization stress in adult rats. In this way, male Wistar rats were separated into 4 groups: control and stressed that received standard diet, and obese and obese/stress that received high calorie diet during 15 weeks. Obesity was determined by the adiposity index: [(epididymal fat + retroperitoneal fat + visceral fat) / final body weight] x100. Body weight was measured weekly. The consumption of diets was calculated daily to determine food intake, energy intake and feed efficiency. Systolic blood pressure was measured during the protocol of obesity. The glicemic profile was investigated by the glucose tolerance test and the insulin resistence test. After 15 weeks the animals in group stress and obese/stress were subjected to acute immobilization stress for 2 hours. The animals were decapitated and the thoracic aorta, epididymal fat, retroperitoneal fat and visceral fat were removed. Curves to noradrenaline, in the absence or presence of prazosin or L-NAME, KCl and calcium were obtained in rings of thoracic aorta with (+E) and without endothelium (-E). We evaluated the vascular reactivity: maximum response (MR) and effective concentration 50% (EC50). The index of adiposity, calorie intake, feed efficiency and weight of epididymal fat, retroperitoneal and visceral fat were higher in rats consuming the high calorie diet. Obesity did not determine changes in blood pressure and glucose... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Orientador: Ricardo de Oliveira Orsi / Resumo: O ferro é um micro mineral importante para vários processos metabólicos, como transporte de oxigênio, manutenção do sistema metabólico, transferência de elétrons e síntese de DNA e RNA. O objetivo deste estudo foi suplementar ferro inorgânico durante a entressafra e avaliar os efeitos na morfologia das glândulas hipofaringeanas de abelhas de seis dias de idade por meio de análises morfológicas dos ácinos. Doze enxames alojados em núcleos foram distribuídos em quatro grupos: T0Fe, xarope de açúcar sem suplementação de ferro inorgânico; T25Fe, xarope de açúcar com suplementação de 25 mg L-1 , T50Fe, com 50 mg L-1 ; e T100Fe, com 100 mg L-1 . Dez cabeças de abelhas de seis dias de idade foram coletadas mensalmente de cada tratamento e suas cabeças foram incluídas em resina de metacrilato. Os blocos foram cortados com auxílio de micrótomo rotativo automático para as análises morfológicas das glândulas hipofaringeanas. Pode-se ver que a morfologia das glândulas hipofaringeanas de abelhas de seis dias de idade suplementadas com diferentes níveis de ferro inorgânico durante a entressafra não sofreu alterações (p<0,05). É possível que o estado ferroso do ferro no xarope foi oxidado à forma férrica, uma forma insolúvel do ferro livre, fazendo com que sua absorção fosse prejudicada. Concluindo, a suplementação de ferro inorgânico durante o período de entressafra não alterou estatisticamente o desenvolvimento das glândulas hipofaringeanas de abelhas de seis dias de idade. / Abstract: Iron is a trace mineral important to many metabolic processes such as oxygen transport, maintenance of the immune system, electron transfer and DNA and RNA synthesis. The aim of this research was to supplement inorganic iron during the offseason, and evaluate the effects on the morphology of hypopharyngeal glands of 6-day-old honey bees via morphological analysis of the acini. Twelve nucleus colonies were distributed in four groups: T0Fe, sugar syrup with no supplementation of inorganic iron; T25Fe, sugar syrup with supplementation of 25 mg L-1; T50Fe, with 50 mg L-1 and T100Fe, with 100 mg L-1. Ten six-day-old bees were collected every month from each treatment and its heads were embedded in metachrylate resin, which were cut using a rotating microtome to conduct the morphological analysis of the hypopharyngeal glands. It can be seen that the morphology of hypopharyngeal glands of 6-day-old honey bees supplemented with different levels of inorganic iron during the offseason did not significantly change (p<0.05). It is possible that the ferrous state of iron in the syrup was oxidized to the ferric state, an insoluble form of free iron, making its absorption more difficult. In conclusion, the supplementation of inorganic iron during the offseason did not significantly change the development of hypopharyngeal glands of 6-day-old nurse bees. / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:22:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-02-10Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:09:53Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 santos_aca_me_prud.pdf: 682652 bytes, checksum: 7cab7fec0b1c9d2daea0c0b0a9dfa178 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O presente estudo objetiva investigar o efeito de um protocolo de treinamento aeróbio periodizado em natação durante seis semanas sobre o perfil biométrico, o desempenho e a morfometria cardíaca de ratos alimentados com dieta hiper e normocalórica com duração de 6 e 16 semanas. Para tanto, 103 Ratos Wistar (90 dias; 361,18 ± 34,18 g) foram divididos em duas fases de experimento. Num primeiro momento, quatro grupos (N=12) foram submetidos a seis semanas de aplicação da dieta seguida pela avaliação de parâmetros bioquímicos, adaptação ao meio líquido, avaliação da capacidade aeróbia (CA), protocolo de treinamento periodizado em natação (TPN) durante seis semanas; nova determinação da CA e por fim a eutanásia, obtendo-se o coração dos animais. Na segunda fase do experimento, outros quatro grupos (N=12) passaram pelo mesmo processo, adicionando-lhes dez semanas de administração da dieta, totalizando-se 16 semanas, e uma avaliação dos parâmetros bioquímicos antes da adaptação ao meio líquido. Os corações foram então submetidos à análise histomorfométrica... / This study investigates the effect of an aerobic swimming training periodized protocol for six weeks on biometric profile, performance and cardiac morphology in rats fed with hyper and normocaloric diets during 6 and 16 weeks. For this purpose, 103 Wistar rats (90 days; 361,18 ± 34,18 g) were divided into two stages of the experiment. Initially, four groups (N=12) underwent six weeks of diet application followed by biochemical parameters assessment, adaptation to the water, aerobic capacity assessment (AC), swimming training periodized protocol (STP) during six weeks; another AC determination and finally euthanasia, obtaining the animals hearts. In the second phase of the experiment, four groups (N=12) went through the same process by adding them ten weeks of diet administration, totaling 16 weeks, and another biochemical parameters assessment before adaptation to the water. Hearts were then submitted to histomorphometric... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:30:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:00:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 01342.pdf: 2819741 bytes, checksum: edacf0ee017df7fa3f338d48345fe58f (MD5) / Tese (Doutoramento) / IPEN/T / Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo - ICB/USP

Orientador: Roberto Goitein / Banca: Luis Alberto Zavala-Camin / Banca: Norma Segatti Hahn / Banca: Sidnei Eduardo Lima Junior / Banca: Leandro Muller Gomiero / Resumo: O alto curso do rio Corumbataí (SP) possui grande diversidade de loricariídeos do gênero Hypostomus (Ostariophysi, Loricariidae), conhecidos popularmente por cascudos. As espécies coletadas neste trecho do rio foram: Hypostomus strigaticeps, H. albopunctatus, H. ancistroides, H. regani, Hypostomus sp. C e Hypostomus sp. B. Foi constatada a grande dominância de H. strigaticeps. Há homogeneidade na dieta quanto ao consumo e importância de sedimento grosso, sedimento fino, hifas de fungo, Tecamoeba e diatomáceas, como resultado daquilo que as espécies encontram no ambiente e consomem ao raspar o substrato. Diferentemente das demais, observou-se a preferência de H. albopunctatus por material vegetal. O Coeficiente de Sobreposição Alimentar de Morisita-Horn, indicou alta sobreposição alimentar entre todas as espécies em todas as estações do ano, embora H. albopunctatus tenha apresentado menor similaridade trófica. As espécies foram agrupadas de acordo com as semelhanças de suas características morfológicas relacionadas à dieta utilizando-se Distância Euclidiana. As matrizes de similaridade trófica e morfológica foram testadas pelo teste de Mantel e constatada correlação entre elas. As características da morfologia trófica das espécies relacionam-se ao ambiente bentônico do rio e a dieta iliófaga-detritívora das espécies. A ingestão de material vegetal na dieta de H. albopunctatus tem relação com seu intestino proporcionalmente menos longo se comparado aos das demais espécies mais iliófagas e menos herbívoras. A similaridade na dieta pode explicar a supremacia em biomassa de H. strigaticeps. É possível que a maior segregação ecológica seja relacionada aos micro-habitats utilizados pelas espécies. As discretas diferenças na dieta das espécies estudadas neste trabalho podem sugerir locais diferentes para forrageamento / Abstract: The Corumbataí River (SP) possess great diversity of Hypostomus (Ostariophysi, Loricariidae), commonly known as armored catfishes. The species collected in the Corumbataí River uplands were Hypostomus albopunctatus, H. ancistroides, H. strigaticeps, H. regain, Hypostomus sp. C and Hypostomus sp. B. It was also noticed a great dominance of H. strigaticeps. There is a homogeneity of the fish diet, when consisting of small and great sediment particles, fungi hifas, Tecamoeba and diatoms, as a result of the most common material the species find in the environment and consume by grasping the substratum. A preference of H. albopunctatus for vegetal debris was also observed. The Feeding Superposition Coefficient of Morisita-Horn showed a high overlap of the food consumed by all the species at all the year seasons. Besides this overlap, H. albopunctatus presented the lowest index of trophic similarity. Species were grouped according to their morphologic similarity, using the Euclidian Distance. The trophic and morphologic similarity matrices were tested using the Mantel test which showed a correlation among them. The morphologic characters of the species are related to the benthic environment in the river and to the iliophagic-detritivorous diet the species present. The distinct ingestion of vegetal debris observed for H. albopunctatus may be related to its comparatively shorter intestine when compared to all other species, more iliophagics and less herbivorous. The diet similarity may be a fact to explain the biomass supremacy of one of them, which is H, strigaticeps. Though not observed in this study, a spacial segregation may happen, the species using distinct micro-habitats. The discrete distinctions of food components found in the distinct fish guts may indicate distinct places explored by them / Doutor