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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Représentation et détection des images et des surfaces déformables

Barolet, Justine C. 08 1900 (has links)
La représentation d'une surface, son lissage et son utilisation pour l'identification, la comparaison, la classification, et l'étude des variations de volume, de courbure ou de topologie sont omniprésentes dans l'aire de la numérisation. Parmi les méthodes mathématiques, nous avons retenu les transformations difféomorphiques d'un pattern de référence. Il y a un grand intérêt théorique et numérique à approcher un difféomorphisme arbitraire par des difféomorphismes engendrés par des champs de vitesses. Sur le plan théorique la question est : "est-ce que le sous-groupe de difféomorphismes engendrés par des champs de vitesses est dense dans le groupe plus large de Micheletti pour la métrique de Courant ?" Malgré quelques progrès réalisés ici, cette question demeure ouverte. Les pistes empruntées ont alors convergé vers le sous-groupe de Azencott et de Trouvé et sa métrique dans le cadre de l'imagerie. Elle correspond à une notion de géodésique entre deux difféomorphismes dans leur sous-groupe. L'optimisation est utilisée pour obtenir un système d'équations état adjoint caractérisant la solution optimale du problème d'identification à partir des observations. Cette approche est adaptée à l'identification de surfaces obtenues par un numériseur tel que, par exemple, le scan d'un visage. Ce problème est beaucoup plus difficile que celui d'imagerie. On doit alors introduire un système de référence courbe et une surface à facettes pour les calculs. On donne la formulation du problème d'identification et du calcul du changement de volume par rapport à un scan de référence. / The representation of a surface, its smoothing, and its use in identification, comparison, classification, and in the study of changes in volume, curvature, and topology are ubiquitous in the area of the scanning. Among mathematical methods, we have retained the diffeomorphisms of a reference pattern. There is a considerable interest, both theoretical and numerical, in approximating an arbitrary diffeomorphism by diffeomorphisms generated by velocity fields. On the theoretical front the question is : "is the subgroup of diffeomorphisms generated by velocity fields dense in Micheletti's larger group endowed with the Courant metric ?" In spite of some progress, the question remains open. The tracks followed have converged towards the subgroup of Lipschitzian diffeomorphisms of Azencott and Trouvé and its metric developed for imaging. It corresponds to a notion of geodesic between two diffeomorphisms in their subgroup. Optimization is then used to obtain a system of equations of the state adjoint state type characterizing the optimal solution of the identification problem from observations. This approach is adapted to the identification of surfaces obtained from a scanner such as, for instance, the scan of a face. This problem is much more difficult than the one of imaging. We introduce a curvilinear reference system and a faceted surface for numerical computations. We provide a formulation of the identification problem and of the computation of the change of volume from a reference scan.
12

[en] SURFACE DIFFEOMORPHISMS WITH NON-TRIVIAL INVARIANT MEASURES / [pt] DIFEOMORFISMOS DE SUPERFÍCIE COM MEDIDAS INVARIANTES NÃO-TRIVIAIS

ANDRE RUBENS FRANCA CARNEIRO 07 October 2008 (has links)
[pt] Alguns difeomorfismos de superfícies fechadas possuem apenas medidas invariantes triviais, isto é, medidas cujo suporte está contido no conjunto de pontos fixos. Resultados dessa natureza fazem uso fundamental da classificação dos homeomorfismos de superfície, tornando-os típicos da dimensão 2. Nós atacamos esse problema mostrando que difeomorfismos de superfícies que admitem medidas invariantes não-triviais exibem uma forma de crescimento linear positivo. As técnicas utilizadas são elementares e uma parte significativa dos resultados continua válida em dimensões mais altas. / [en] Some diffeomorphisms of closed surfaces only have trivial invariant probabilities, i.e., those supported on the set of fixed points. Results of this nature make extensive use of the classification of surface homeomorphisms, making them typical of dimension 2. We attack this problem by showing that surface diffeomorphisms admiting non-trivial invariant probabilities exhibit some sort of positive linear growth. The techniques used are elementary and a significant part of the results remains valid in higher dimensions.
13

Difeomorfismos do plano com número de rotação de fins primos irracional / Diffeomorphisms of the plane with irrational prime ends rotation number

Barboza, Diego Pereira 26 February 2019 (has links)
O principal objetivo desta tese é estudar o número de rotação de fins primos de homeomorfismos planares que pertencem a uma classe de homeomorfismos H. Tal número de rotação é devido à Carathéordory e semelhante à teoria de Poincaré para homeomorfismos do crculo. Para todo irracional (0, 1), denotando por (h, U ) o número de rotação de fins primos de h H em U , com U a bacia de repulsão do infinito, construiremos um homeomorfismo h H satisfazendo (h, U ) = e que possui uma sela periódica com intersecção homoclnica transversal em U . Além disso, quando h é de classe C 2 e det(Dh| x ) < 1 em todo ponto, mostraremos que existe ponto periódico acessvel em U se, e somente se, (h, U ) é racional. Também será provado que, quando h é uma ferradura de Smale, o número de rotação (h, U ) é racional. Finalizando, provaremos que se for possvel a existência de um difeomorfismo C r , r 1, em um conjunto genérico a ser definido, com U = W u (p) para p uma sela homoclnica com intersecção transversal e tal que o número de rotação (h, U ) é irracional, necessariamente, h deve satisfazer uma propriedade que não é válida para ferraduras de Smale. / The main objective of this thesis is to study the prime ends rotation number of planar homeomorphisms belonging to a class of homeomorphisms H. Such rotation number is due to Carathéordory and similar to the Poincarés theory of homeomorphisms of the circle. For all irrational (0, 1), denoting by (h, U ) the prime end rotation number of h H in U , with U the infinity repulsion basin, we will construct a homeomorphism h H satisfying (h, U ) = and having a homoclinic saddle with transverse intersection in U . Also, when h is class C 2 and det (Dh| x ) < 1 at every point, we will show that there is accessible periodic point in U if, and only if, (h, U ) is rational. It will also be proved that when h is a Smales horseshoe, the rotation number (h, U ) is rational. To conclude, we will prove that if there exists a C r -diffeomorphism, in a generic set to be defined, with U = W u (p) for a saddle point p with transverse homoclinal intersection and such that the rotation number (h, U ) is irrational, then h must satisfy a property that is not valid for Smales horseshoes.
14

Application of co-adjoint orbits to the loop group and the diffeomorphism group of the circle

Lano, Ralph Peter 01 May 1994 (has links)
No description available.
15

Représentation et détection des images et des surfaces déformables

Barolet, Justine C. 08 1900 (has links)
La représentation d'une surface, son lissage et son utilisation pour l'identification, la comparaison, la classification, et l'étude des variations de volume, de courbure ou de topologie sont omniprésentes dans l'aire de la numérisation. Parmi les méthodes mathématiques, nous avons retenu les transformations difféomorphiques d'un pattern de référence. Il y a un grand intérêt théorique et numérique à approcher un difféomorphisme arbitraire par des difféomorphismes engendrés par des champs de vitesses. Sur le plan théorique la question est : "est-ce que le sous-groupe de difféomorphismes engendrés par des champs de vitesses est dense dans le groupe plus large de Micheletti pour la métrique de Courant ?" Malgré quelques progrès réalisés ici, cette question demeure ouverte. Les pistes empruntées ont alors convergé vers le sous-groupe de Azencott et de Trouvé et sa métrique dans le cadre de l'imagerie. Elle correspond à une notion de géodésique entre deux difféomorphismes dans leur sous-groupe. L'optimisation est utilisée pour obtenir un système d'équations état adjoint caractérisant la solution optimale du problème d'identification à partir des observations. Cette approche est adaptée à l'identification de surfaces obtenues par un numériseur tel que, par exemple, le scan d'un visage. Ce problème est beaucoup plus difficile que celui d'imagerie. On doit alors introduire un système de référence courbe et une surface à facettes pour les calculs. On donne la formulation du problème d'identification et du calcul du changement de volume par rapport à un scan de référence. / The representation of a surface, its smoothing, and its use in identification, comparison, classification, and in the study of changes in volume, curvature, and topology are ubiquitous in the area of the scanning. Among mathematical methods, we have retained the diffeomorphisms of a reference pattern. There is a considerable interest, both theoretical and numerical, in approximating an arbitrary diffeomorphism by diffeomorphisms generated by velocity fields. On the theoretical front the question is : "is the subgroup of diffeomorphisms generated by velocity fields dense in Micheletti's larger group endowed with the Courant metric ?" In spite of some progress, the question remains open. The tracks followed have converged towards the subgroup of Lipschitzian diffeomorphisms of Azencott and Trouvé and its metric developed for imaging. It corresponds to a notion of geodesic between two diffeomorphisms in their subgroup. Optimization is then used to obtain a system of equations of the state adjoint state type characterizing the optimal solution of the identification problem from observations. This approach is adapted to the identification of surfaces obtained from a scanner such as, for instance, the scan of a face. This problem is much more difficult than the one of imaging. We introduce a curvilinear reference system and a faceted surface for numerical computations. We provide a formulation of the identification problem and of the computation of the change of volume from a reference scan.
16

Curvaturas mÃdias anisotrÃpicas : estabilidade e resultados para hipersuperfÃcies nÃo-convexas / Anisotropic mean curvatures: stability and results for non-convex hypersurfaces

Jonatan Floriano da Silva 28 April 2011 (has links)
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / Este trabalho consiste em duas partes. Na primeira parte, estudaremos hipersuperfÃcies compactas sem bordo imersas no espaÃo Euclidiano com o quociente das curvaturas mÃdias anisotrÃpicas constante. Provaremos que tais hipersuperfÃcies sÃo pontos crÃticos para um problema variacional de preservar uma combinaÃÃo linear da (k; F)-Ãrea e do (n+1)-volume determinado por M. Demostraremos que a hipersuperfÃcie à (r; k; a; b)-estÃvel se, e somente se, a menos de translaÃÃo e homotetia, ela à a Wulff shape de F (veja SeÃÃo 2.1), sob algumas condiÃÃes acerca de a; b â R. Na segunda parte desse trabalho, obtemos outras caracterizaÃÃes para a Wulff shape envolvendo as curvaturas mÃdias anisotrÃpicas de ordem superior de uma hipersuperfÃ- cie M em Rn+1 e o conjunto W = Rn+1 -UpâM Tp. Os resultados sÃo obtidos para hipersuperfÃcies compactas nÃo convexas satisfazendo W &#9578; Ã. / This work consists of two parts. In the first part we deal with a compact hypersurface without boundary immersed in to the Euclidean space with the quotient of anisotropic mean curvatures constant. Such a hypersurface is a critical point for the variational problem preserving a linear combination of the (k; F)-area and (n + 1)-volume enclosed by M. We show that it is (r; k; a; b)-stable if, and only if, up to translations and homotheties, it is the Wulff shape, under some assumptions on a; b â R. In the second part we obtain further characterizations for the Wulff shape involving the anisotropic mean curvatures of higher order of a hypersurface M in Rn+1 and the set W = Rn+1-UpâM Tp. Results are obtained for non-convex compact hypersurfaces satisfying W &#9578; Ã.
17

ACCURATE HIGH ORDER COMPUTATION OF INVARIANT MANIFOLDS FOR LONG PERIODIC ORBITS OF MAPS AND EQUILIBRIUM STATES OF PDE

Unknown Date (has links)
The study of the long time behavior of nonlinear systems is not effortless, but it is very rewarding. The computation of invariant objects, in particular manifolds provide the scientist with the ability to make predictions at the frontiers of science. However, due to the presence of strong nonlinearities in many important applications, understanding the propagation of errors becomes necessary in order to quantify the reliability of these predictions, and to build sound foundations for future discoveries. This dissertation develops methods for the accurate computation of high-order polynomial approximations of stable/unstable manifolds attached to long periodic orbits in discrete time dynamical systems. For this purpose a multiple shooting scheme is applied to invariance equations for the manifolds obtained using the Parameterization Method developed by Xavier Cabre, Ernest Fontich and Rafael De La Llave in [CFdlL03a, CFdlL03b, CFdlL05]. / Includes bibliography. / Dissertation (Ph.D.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2020. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection
18

Comportamento genérico de difeomorfismos do círculo / Generic behavior of circle diffeomorphisms

Antunes, Leandro 23 February 2012 (has links)
Nós estudaremos o comportamento de difeomorfismos do círculo, tanto do ponto de vista combinatório quanto do ponto de vista topológico e da teoria da medida, seguindo os trabalhos de Michael Herman. A cada homeomorfismo do círculo podemos associar um número real positivo, denominado número de rotação. Mostraremos que existe um conjunto de números irracionais de medida de Lebesgue total na reta tal que, se f é um difeomorfismo do círculo de classe \'C POT. r \' que preserva a orientação, com r maior ou igual a 3 e com número de rotação nesse conjunto, então f é pelo menos \'C POT. r - 2\' -conjugada a uma translação irracional. Além disso, mostraremos que dado um caminho \'f IND. t\' de classe \'C POT. 1\' definido em um intervalo [a;b] no conjunto dos difeomorfismos do círculo de classe \'C POT. r\' que preservam a orientação, com r maior ou igual a 3, o conjunto dos parâmetros em que \'f IND. t\' é \'C POT. r - 2\' -conjugada a uma translação irracional tem medida de Lebesgue positiva, desde que os números de rotação em \'f IND. a\' e \'f IND. b\' sejam distintos / We will study the generic behavior of circle diffeomorphisms, in the combinatorial, topological and measure-theoretical sense, following the work of Michael Herman. To each order preserving homeomorphism of the circle we can associate a positive real number, called rotation number, which is invariant under conjugacy. We will show that there is a set of irrational numbers with full Lebesgue measure on R such that, if f is a circle diffeomorphism of class \'C POT. r\', with r greater or equal 3 and with rotation number in that set, then f is at least \'C POT. r - 2\' -conjugated to an irrational translation. Moreover, we will show that if ft is a \'C POT. 1\' -path defined on a interval [a;b] over the set of the circle diffeomorphisms orientation preserving, with r \'> or =\' 3, then the set of parameters where \'f IND. t\' is \'C POT. r - 2\' -conjugated to a irrational translation has positive Lebesgue measure, since the rotation numbers of \'f IND. a\' and \'f IND. b\' are distinct
19

Recalage et Mosaïques d'Images pour la Microscopie Confocale Fibrée Dynamique In Vivo

Vercauteren, Tom 25 January 2008 (has links) (PDF)
La microscopie confocale classique permet d'obtenir des images à haute réso- lution de cellules en culture ou dans un tissu biologique excisé. Cette technologie peut être adaptée aux applications in vivo grâce à l'utilisation de fibres optiques et d'optiques miniaturisées. A terme, la microscopie confocale fibrée devrait permettre aux médecins et biologistes de réaliser des biopsies optiques; c'est à dire un exa- men histologique, en temps réel, des tissus biologiques à l'intérieur d'un organisme vivant et directement au contact de la zone d'intérêt. Le but premier de cette thèse est de dépasser les limites matérielles de ces in- struments d'imagerie en développant des outils de recalage d'images spécifiques et innovants. En particulier, le propos de ce manuscrit est cadré par l'objectif de pro- poser, au travers d'outils de création de mosaïques d'images, des biopsies optiques à grand champ aux médecins. Cette application est considérée, dans cette thèse, comme un système, ou un circuit, qui prendrait en entrée un flot de données brutes et délivrerait en sortie des mosaïques d'images à grand champ. Nous détaillons les éléments critiques de ce système, en particulier la reconstruction d'images en temps réel, le recalage linéaire d'images et le recalage non linéaire, avant de présenter la structure du système complet. Les données brutes produites par la microscopie confocale fibrée sont difficiles à interpréter parce qu'elle sont modulées par la structure en nid d'abeille du réseau de fibres optiques et parce qu'elle sont entachées d'artefacts géométriques. Dans ce contexte, nous montrons qu'une reconstruction en temps réel des images peut être utilisée en pré-traitement afin de produire des séquences vidéos directement interprétables. Comme la microscopie confocale fibrée est une imagerie qui se fait au contact des tissus, le mouvement relatif du tissu par rapport à la sonde optique implique qu'il est parfois difficile d'obtenir de manière robuste certaines mesures quantitatives d'intérêt. Nous avons donc attaqué le problème du recalage linéaire, efficace et robuste de paires d'images. Nous montrons que des outils ré- cents provenant du domaine du contrôle robotique par la vision peuvent surpasser les solutions standards utilisées en analyse d'images biomédicales. L'adéquation de ces outils au problème du recalage linéaire d'images nous a amenés à revisiter le problème du recalage non-linéaire. En interprétant le recalage non-linéaire comme un problème d'optimisation sur un groupe de Lie, nous développons un algorithme rapide de recalage difféomorphe non-paramétrique d'images. En plus d'être dif- féomorphe, notre algorithme produit des résultats qui sont similaires à ceux de l'algorithme des démons de Thirion mais qui sont plus lisses et plus proche de la vérité. Finalement, nous obtenons une boîte à outils de reconstruction et de recalage d'images que nous utilisons pour proposer un algorithme robuste de création de mosaïques d'images qui permette de calculer un alignement globalement cohérent à partir de résultats locaux, de compenser les distorsions liées au mouvement et de retrouver les déformations non-rigides. Par ailleurs, notre algorithme de mosaïques d'images a récemment été incorporé dans un essai clinique multicentrique. Cet essai illustre l'intérêt clinique de nos outils dans le cadre spécifique de la surveillance de l'oesophage de Barrett.
20

Condições espectral e de Palais-Smale para injetividade global de difeomorfismos locais em R2 / Spectral and Palais-Smale conditions for global injectivity of local diffeomorphisms in R2

Lima, Raildo Santos de 25 March 2014 (has links)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / In this work we consider two sufficient conditions for the global injectivity of local diffeomorphisms X : R2 → R2 of class C1. The first is based on the spectrum of X, in this case it is enough to consider X differentiable, and the second is known as Palais-Smale Condition. In fact, these conditions ensure the triviality of the foliations in R2 induced by the coordinated functions of X and this guarantees the global injectivity of the map X. Besides discussing the proofs of this results, we exhibit a collection of examples showing that such conditions provide different classes of globally injective maps. / Neste trabalho consideramos duas condições suficientes para que um difeomorfismo local X : R2 → R2, de classe C1, seja globalmente injetivo. A primeira baseada no espectro da aplicação X, neste caso basta considerar X diferenciável, e a segunda é a condição de Palais-Smale. De fato, tais condições garantem a trivialidade das folheações em R2 induzidas pelas funções coordenadas de X e isto garante a injetividade global da aplicação X. Além de apresentar as demonstrações destes resultados, exibimos uma coleção de exemplos que permitem concluir que tais condições estabelecem classes distintas de aplicações globalmente injetivas. / Mestre em Matemática

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