This thesis examined the intra-individual relationship between state affect and task performance, with an emphasis on a) the moderating effects of trait affect and task difficulty; and b) the mediating effects of cognitive and affective regulation. Theory and empirical research from the emotion, motivation, and personality literatures was integrated to develop a multilevel model of states, traits, and situational factors as predictors of task performance. Data from five studies were analysed using single- and multi-level techniques to test the hypothesised model of relationships. The findings are reported within three manuscripts, which comprise the body of this thesis. Manuscript 1 presents validation evidence for the psychometric instruments used to measure the self-regulatory components of the model. Three studies (N = 758) were conducted to examine the nomological network of cognitive and affective regulation. In parallel, two new self-report scales were developed to operationalise these constructs within a repeated measures paradigm. The three studies demonstrated that the new cognitive and affective regulation scales were uniquely associated with other self-regulatory, personality, affective and achievement variables at the intra-individual and inter-individual levels. Study 1 provided evidence for the unidimensionality, internal consistency, and construct validity of each scale. Study 2 replicated and extended construct validity evidence using a different sample and performance domain. Study 3 established the utility of each scale for assessing intra-individual variability in cognitive and affective regulation, and their ability to predict performance within individuals. In sum, the three studies suggested that the new measures of cognitive and affective regulation were psychometrically adequate for use in model testing. Manuscripts 2 and 3 tested the intra-individual relationship between state affect and task performance, with a focus on the moderating effects of trait affect and task difficulty (Manuscript 2), and the mediating effects of cognitive and affective regulation (Manuscript 3). Each manuscript analysed different portions of data from two laboratory experiments (N = 182). In each experiment, participants performed multiple trials of an air-traffic control simulation that varied in task difficulty at the inter-individual (Study 4) or intra-individual (Study 5) level. Trait positive and negative affect were measured before the task, whereas state positive and negative affect, cognitive and affective regulation, and task performance were measured at repeated intervals over practice. In Manuscript 2, hierarchical linear modelling demonstrated that state positive affect was positively related, whereas state negative affect was negatively related, to task performance at the intra-individual level of analysis. As hypothesised, the strength of these affect-performance relationships was significantly moderated by trait affect and task difficulty. In both studies, the positive intra-individual relationship between state positive affect and performance was stronger for individuals with high (versus low) trait positive affect, particularly when task difficulty was high (versus low). In contrast, the negative intra-individual relationship between state negative affect and performance only emerged for individuals with low (versus high) trait negative affect, regardless of the level of task difficulty. In Study 4, the intra-individual relationship between state negative affect and task performance was also more pronounced when task difficulty was high (versus low). In Manuscript 3, multilevel multiple-mediation modelling demonstrated that cognitive regulation significantly mediated the intra-individual relationship between state positive affect and performance in both studies, alongside the intra-individual relationship between state negative affect and performance in Study 4. Unexpectedly, affective regulation failed to mediate either of these affect-performance relationships. However, state positive affect was positively related to affective regulation in both studies, whereas state negative affect was positively related to affective regulation in Study 5. Overall, this thesis makes theoretical, empirical and methodological contributions to understanding how affect relates to performance at the intra-individual level of analysis; and for whom, when, and why these relationships emerge. Within a multilevel framework, it integrates interdisciplinary perspectives to identify the affective determinants of performance from two levels of analysis. The results demonstrate that state positive and negative affect can differentially predict intra-individual variability in task performance, and that these effects may a) depend on trait affect and task difficulty; and b) be partially explained by cognitive regulation. These findings emphasise the importance of adopting a multilevel, repeated measures paradigm to examine how affective states, traits, and task demands interactively predict task performance. There is scope for extending this research further by investigating a broader range of moderating and mediating constructs. Practical implications and directions for future research are discussed.

Submitted by FELIPE AUGUSTO MONTEIRO CRAVO null (felipeamcravo@gmail.com) on 2018-03-28T18:29:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 leitura oral e nomeação de figuras de palavras com dificuldades ortográficas de crianças com deficiencia auditiva e usuárias de implante coclear.pdf: 2704500 bytes, checksum: eb2cd4a72dbf413defd0c2ce33f7fc3c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Marlene Zaniboni null (zaniboni@bauru.unesp.br) on 2018-04-02T17:57:05Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 cravo_fam_me_bauru.pdf: 2704500 bytes, checksum: eb2cd4a72dbf413defd0c2ce33f7fc3c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-02T17:57:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 cravo_fam_me_bauru.pdf: 2704500 bytes, checksum: eb2cd4a72dbf413defd0c2ce33f7fc3c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-21 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O implante coclear é um dispositivo biomédico que permite aos seus usuários detecção auditiva. Crianças com deficiência auditiva neurossensorial (severa/profunda), bilateral, pré-lingual, têm sido uma das populações mais favorecidas pelos benefícios desta tecnologia. Contudo, algumas crianças implantadas apresentam dificuldades no desenvolvimento de repertórios expressivos (leitura oral e nomeação de figuras) devido a variáveis como: tempo de implante, tempo de privação auditiva, sexo, perfil familiar e reabilitação fonoaudiológica. Para tanto um processo de reabilitação fonoaudiológica e educacional faz-se necessário. Revisões de literatura apontam uma busca crescente no desenvolvimento de procedimentos de ensino para atender as necessidades destas crianças. De maneira particular, estudos nacionais sob o escopo do INCT-ECCE (Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia sobre Comportamento, Cognição e Ensino) têm investigado os efeitos do uso de procedimentos e tecnologias de ensino baseadas em equivalência de estímulos. Tem-se demonstrado com esta população que o ensino e o fortalecimento da leitura oral favorece a aprendizagem de nomeação de figuras. Nesta direção, a presente dissertação visa a estender as investigações sobre procedimentos de ensino de leitura oral e nomeação de figuras a crianças com deficiência auditiva e usuárias de implante coclear. Três estudos foram conduzidos. Estudo 1 – apresenta uma revisão de literatura com os descritores “Cochlear Implant”, [and] “Children” [and] “Language”, [and] “Teaching”, no intervalo de tempo entre 2000 e 2016. Objetivou-se investigar: (a) quantidade e as características das investigações sobre procedimentos de ensino de repertório expressivo a crianças com implante coclear, (b) os instrumentos de avaliação mais utilizados e (c) os operantes verbais alvos de ensino. Doze publicações foram encontradas com maior concetração entre os anos de 2012 e 2015; 50% utilizaram delineamentos de sujeito único e o operante verbal mais ensinado foi o intraverbal. Estudo 2 – apresenta uma pesquisa aplicada; a participante foi uma menina de 9 anos de idade com tempo de privação auditiva acima de cinco anos. Objetivou-se verificar a eficácia do Módulo 2 do software ALEPP® sobre o ensino de 64 palavras com dificuldades ortográficas. A participante aprendeu a ler as palavras ensinadas, e por meio do delineamento de múltiplas sondas observou-se que a melhora na leitura aconteceu após a inserção do ensino. Discute-se neste estudo quais as características necessárias das tarefas de ensino para obter os efeitos positivos observados no repertório expressivo (leitura oral) da participante. Ademais, discute-se quais as características de procedimentos de ensino baseados em equivalência. Por fim, o Estudo 3 – baseou-se nas questões emergentes do Estudo 2. Teve como objetivo investigar o efeito de diferentes tipos de ensino (diferenças críticas e múltiplas) com palavras com dificuldades ortográficas, sobre a precisão da leitura e nomeação de crianças usuárias de implante coclear. Duas participantes do sexo feminino, entre 8 e 9 anos de idade, foram submetidas a um procedimento de ensino. Os dados desta pesquisa replicam e extendem os resultados encontrados nas pesquisas nacionais sobre melhora na precisão da fala em nomeação de figuras após ensino e fortalecimento de leitura oral com palavras que apresentam dificuldades ortográficas. Ademais, verificou-se que as dificuldades ortográficas selecionadas por esta pesquisa (i.e., dígrafos e encontros consonantais) produzem efeitos diferentes durante a aprendizagem de leitura oral e nomeação de figuras. Não foram observadas diferenças entre os ensinos com diferenças críticas e múltiplas. Futuras investigações devem (a) ampliar o número de participantes, (b) controlar os efeitos de diferenças críticas e múltiplas dentro dos blocos de ensino, (c) ampliar o número de conjuntos de palavras com dificuldades ortográficas, (d) investigar procedimentos de ensino de operantes verbais mais complexos como intraverbais e autoclíticos. / The cochlear implant is a biomedical device allows they users hearing detection. Children with neurosensory hearing loss (severe/ profoundly), bilateral, prelingual, have been one of the populations most favored by the benefits of this technology. However, some implanted children have difficulties in the development of expressive repertoires (oral reading and naming of figures), can be variables that influence this: time of implantation, time of hearing deprivation, gender, family profile and speech-language rehabilitation. A speech and hearing rehabilitation process is necessary. Literature reviews point to an increasing search for development of teaching procedures to meet the needs of these children. In particular, national studies under the scope of INCT-ECCE (National Institute of Science and Technology on Behavior, Cognition and Teaching) investigated the effects of using procedures and teaching technologies based on stimulus equivalence. It has been demonstrated with this population that the teaching and the strengthening of the oral reading favors the learning of naming figures. The present dissertation aims to extend the investigations on procedures of teaching oral reading and naming figures to children with hearing loss and users of cochlear implants. Three studies were conducted. Study 1 - presents a literature review with the descriptors "Cochlear Implant", [and] "Children" [and] "Language", [and] "Teaching", between 2000 and 2016. The objective was to investigate: (a) quantity and characteristics of investigations on procedures of teaching expressive repertoire to children with cochlear implants, (b) the most used evaluation instruments and (c) verbal operants teaching targets. Twelve publications were found with greater concentration between the years of 2012 and 2015; 50% used single subject designs and the most commonly taught verbal operant was intraverbal. Study 2 - presents an applied research; the participant was a 9-year-old girl with a hearing loss of more than five years until she received the cochlear implant. The aim of this study was to verify the efficacy of Module 2 of ALEPP® software on teaching 64 words with orthographic difficulties. The participant learned to read the words taught, and through the design of multiple probes it was observed that the improvement in reading occurred after the insertion of the teaching. This study discusses the necessary characteristics of the teaching tasks to obtain the positive effects observed in the participant's expressive repertoire (oral reading). Also discussed the characteristics of equivalence-based teaching procedures. Study 3 - was based on the emerging issues of Study 2. Objective was to investigate the effect of different types of teaching (critical and multiple differences) with words with difficult orthography, on reading accuracy and the naming figures with cochlear implantations childrens. Two female participants, between 8 and 9 years of age, underwent a teaching procedure. The data from this research replicate and extend the results found in the national surveys on improving speech accuracy in naming figures after teaching and strengthening oral reading with words that present orthographic difficulties. It has been found that the orthographic difficulties selected by this research (i.e., digraphs and consonant meeting) produce different effects during oral reading learning and figure naming. No differences were observed between the teachings with critical and multiple differences. Future investigations should (a) increase the number of participants, (b) control the effects of critical and multiple differences within teaching blocks, (c) increase the number of spelling problems, (d) investigate teaching procedures of more complex verbal operants such as intraverbal and autoclitic. / PGPTA 54/2014

It is widely accepted that Higher Education should provide students with a challenging experience. Research on threshold concepts provides a framework for exploring challenging content within a discipline and has contributed to understanding how to support students with conceptual difficulties. However, less is known about how individual students experience challenge and difficulty in their academic studies, in particular how they respond and feel when they become stuck. This study explores students’ experience of challenge, difficulty and stuckness, how they responded and managed challenges and any associated feelings. The study, carried out in a university in the Southwest of England, used a Qualitative Longitudinal Research design to follow 16 students through the second year of a degree for Allied Health Professionals. Data were collected using the semi-structured and email interview methods. Data were analysed longitudinally and cross-sectionally using a constant comparison process. The findings and discussion are presented using a ‘natural’ style which aims to capture the student journey over the academic year. The study found that some form of challenge, difficulty or stuckness was commonplace in the students’ educational experience. The value of challenges which create uncertainty in education is recognised, particularly where students are grappling with boundaries around knowledge. Variation in students’ experiences was partly explained by their ‘spiky profiles’ (influencing factors such as prior education and work experience) and partly by differences in factors relating to strategy use. The students were creative and resourceful in developing a range of specific and generic strategies in several areas: the use of time and space; the management of expectations and acceptance of feelings; and monitoring and reflection. The study adds to current understanding of stuckness through an examination of the liminal spaces students encountered. The discussion argues for a more nuanced and holistic approach to understanding students’ engagement with a complex cycle of challenges and strategy use, which creates a range of expectations, tensions, feelings and opportunities. It identifies implications for Higher Education practice and calls for an understanding of the impact and interconnectedness of factors influencing students. It stresses the importance of providing structures for students to explore how they learn and develop their academic practice, in addition to discipline specific knowledge and skills.

Cette étude s’inscrit dans le champ de la psychologie sociale du travail et des organisations. Elle s’interroge sur la santé au travail sous l’angle du bien-être versus mal-être perçu des intervenants en milieux de protection de l’enfant en difficulté au Vietnam. Nous appuyant sur l’approche systémique et active, nous considérons que chaque individu au travail est un sujet « actif », « pluriel » et « prospectif » dans son processus de professionnalisation et personnalisation. Dans une démarche exploratoire, nous cherchons à montrer que la santé au travail des intervenants en milieux de protection de l’enfant vietnamien n’est pas seulement déterminée par leurs caractéristiques socio-biographiques et leurs contextes organisationnels, mais qu’elle est aussi modulée par leurs processus de signification de travail. L’analyse des données permet de décrire la population de recherche, d’abord, en termes de caractéristiques socio-biographiques, situationnelles et organisationnelle, et aboutit à une typologie des intervenants en 3 classes. Les caractéristiques de chacune de ces 3 classes sont en relation significative surtout avec la perception de consommation des produits addictifs (thé, café, alcool, bière, tabac, médicaments,..). Les résultats montrent que le sens que les sujets accordent à leur travail ainsi que leur valorisation des domaines de vie modulent la relation entre les caractéristiques des sujets avec leurs sentiments de bien-être vs mal-être : soit médiateur, soit modérateurs dans plusieurs cas significatif. En plus d’une contribution à décrire le bien-être vs mal-être des intervenants, ces résultats permettent non seulement d’étayer de précédents acquis théoriques mais aussi de formuler des recommandations pratiques. Sur le plan théorique, ils enrichir la notion de «sujet pluriel». Au niveau pratique, ils proposent des stratégies d’amélioration des conditions de travail qui visent à faciliter l’insertion professionnelle des intervenants. / This study aims the field of social psychology of work and organizations. It gets focused on health in terms of wellbeing versus malaise at woks for interveners in the area of protection of children in difficulty in Vietnam. Based on the systematic and active approach, we consider that every individual at work is an "active", "plural" and "prospective" subject in his professionalization and personalization.In this exploratory approach, we seek to show that the health of interveners in Vietnamese childhood protection is not only determined by their socio-biographical characteristics and organizational contexts, but is also modulated by their process meaning of work. Analysis of the results for describing the research’s population, at first, in terms of socio-biographical characteristics, situational and organizational in the way of isolation; and then provide a typology of interveners identified in three classes. Characteristics of each of these 3 classes have a significant relationship with the consumption of addictive products (like tee, coffee, alcohol, beer, tabac, medications,...). The results show that the meaning that subjects give to their work and their valuation living areas modulate the relationship between the characteristics of subjects with their feelings of wellbeing vs malaise, either mediator or moderators in several significant cases. On top of a contribution describing wellbeing vs malaise of interveners, these results offer recommendations, not only theoretically but as well practical. Theoretically, they enrich the notion of “plural subject”. Practically, they lead to proposals for working condition’s improvement strategies aiming to case the integration of interveners.

Depuis le début du troisième millénaire, la France a découvert, tardivement par rapport aux autres pays développés, une explosion des effectifs d'étudiants chinois dans son système universitaire. Cette évolution en France se caractérise par son ampleur et sa rapidité, avec comme effets secondaires l'éclatement de quelques scandales de corruptions et de tricheries dans les campus français. Les presses s'en emparent pour dépeindre une situation dramatique des étudiants chinois. Par ce biais, elles tendent à nourrir l'image d'invasion et véhiculer l'incompréhension, plutôt qu'apporter l'éclairage. Le public français, laissé en perplexe, se demande : Mais qui sont ces étudiants ? Qu'est-ce qu'ils cherchent dans nos universités ? Pourquoi et pour quoi ils viennent en France? À travers une recherche basée sur une échantillon 200 étudiants chinois qui suivent ou ont suivi des études supérieures dans le système éducatif française, avec l'aide des méthodes qualitatives et quantitatives, nous avons mis en évidence leurs effets sur les comportements et les représentations de ces étudiants chinois sur leur décision et préparations de venir étudier en France, leurs expériences de vie et leurs performances scolaires en France, et enfin, des stratégies développées pour vivre et survivre dans le système éducatif et social français.Au défaut de ressource financière et de réseau de relations préalables, avec une insuffisance de préparation linguistique, plus une identité culturelle totalement différente de celle de l?occident, ces étudiants sont entravés par la pression de la réussite, ils se retrouvent en général dans une situation difficile. La décision de rester ou partir, insister ou abandonner, dépend de l'interrelation entre les préoccupations individuelles et des facteurs macroscopiques, mais c'est une question réellement posée par eux-mêmes depuis le début. Maintenant je vous invite de continuer de découvrir dans notre recherche. / Compared with other developed countries, the French higher education organizations finally ushered in an immense increase of Chinese students at the beginning of 21st century. The change was characterized by large scale and high speed along with occasional scandals of campus cheating and bribery. Meanwhile, the misery situations of Chinese students were repeatedly reported by different media. In those messages, the media seemed to be trying to convey the idea of Chinese students? influx into France and to foster confusion among the public. Nevertheless, who were those Chinese students? What were they seeking in French universities? Why, for what purpose on earth, did they choose to go there?The educational research approaches of quality and quantity were applied in this thesis. After the longitudinal study on 200 Chinese students who are studying or used to study in French higher education organizations, a clear understanding was obtained about their behaviors, performances and the impact. To be specific, our research resulted in several aspects. Firstly, their preparations and decision for their further study in France ; Secondly, their experiences and performances of studying in France; Thirdly , their strategies for future study and employment or their existence in France . Opposite to their good wishes, they were actually trapped in their choices of going there. They got into great trouble due to lack of financial support, less or no help from social relationship, deficient French capabilities, huge differences of values and cultures. They had to confront with the enormous learning tasks and life trifles, bearing the massive pressure of getting successful all the time. To stay in France or to return to the motherland, to persist in or give up, it would be determined by everybody?s concerns and visible or predictable influential factors. However, this is the realistic situation. From the very beginning, it constituted the unavoidable issue for them. Now, I would like you to follow my statement.

Dificuldades de aprendizagem são apresentadas por alunos das séries iniciais em um número alto e recorrente nas escolas brasileiras. A aplicação de métodos que auxiliem na transposição desses obstáculos é relevante e de suma importância. O exercício físico tem conhecidos benefícios a saúde física, mas sua benfeitoria a saúde mental e nos processos de aprendizagem podem e devem ser melhores utilizados no ambiente escolar. Através de jogos e brincadeiras pode-se levar aos alunos que apresentam dificuldades de aprendizagem a capacidade de reverter tal quadro, proporcionando um método diferenciado de reforço escolar. O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar se atividade física adaptada à área de ciências acarreta na melhora do desempenho escolar dos alunos participantes. Foi realizado um estudo de caso realizado com alunos pertencentes a uma turma de 4º ano do Ensino Fundamental, de uma Escola Municipal de Porto Alegre. Através da elaboração de um programa adaptado de exercício físico, houve a revisão dos conteúdos já trabalhados em aula da área de ciências que ocasionavam nos alunos uma maior dificuldade de entendimento e por conseguinte, levavam-nos a a um baixo rendimento escolar. A adaptação se deu através de jogos e brincadeiras que comtemplavam, em suas regras, os conteúdos já trabalhados em sala de aula. Os dados foram coletados a partir de questionários aplicados aos alunos, categorizando-os sob um enfoque quali-quantitativo, levando em consideração seus conhecimentos no pré e pós-teste e de questionário aplicado à professora da turma, acerca de suas impressões sobre os conhecimentos dos alunos. O estudo se mostrou relevante perante os resultados analisados no pós-teste, evidenciando uma relevância p<0,05 no teste qui-quadrado e na análise textual das respostas dos alunos, revelando uma maior capacidade de relação dos termos trabalhados nas atividades com o conceito de ciências. No discurso da professora da turma, que salienta uma melhora significativa do desempenho escolar, no interesse e na atenção dos alunos participantes em novos conteúdos. Propostas assim deveriam ser levadas ao ambiente escolar frequentemente, portanto. / Learning difficulties are presented by students of the initial series on a high and recurrent number in Brazilian schools. The application of methods to assist in the implementation of these obstacles is relevant and very important. The exercise has known benefits to physical health but your mental health improvement and learning processes can and should be better used in the school environment. Through games and activities can lead to students with learning disabilities the ability to reverse this situation, providing a different method of tutoring. This study aimed to assess whether physical activity adapted to the science area brings in improving the academic performance of students participating. We conducted a case study with students belonging to a group of 4th year of elementary school, a municipal school of Porto Alegre. Through the development of a tailored program of exercise, there was a review of the content already worked in class area of science that occasioned the students greater difficulty in understanding and therefore led us to a low school performance. The adaptation was through games and activities that had in its rules, the content already worked in the classroom. Data were collected from questionnaires given to students, categorizing them under a qualitative and quantitative approach, taking into account their expertise in pre- and post-test and a questionnaire applied to the class teacher, about his impressions of the knowledge of students. The study showed significant before the results analyzed in the post-test, showing a relevance p <0.05 in the chi-square test and textual analysis of student responses, revealing a greater capacity to respect the terms worked in activities with the concept science. In the speech of the teacher of the class, which highlights a significant improvement in school performance, the interest and attention of students participating in new content. Proposals like this should be brought to the school environment often so.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-01-30Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:52:50Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_c_me_mar.pdf: 672543 bytes, checksum: 7bb45e582442ec02c8aa08741f19e790 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A aprendizagem pode ser definida como um processo que ocorre no sistema nervoso central, em que são produzidas mudanças mais ou menos permanentes, que se traduzem em uma modificação funcional ou de comportamento, permitindo uma melhor adaptação do indivíduo ao meio como resposta a uma ação ambiental. O distúrbio de aprendizagem é uma expressão genérica que se refere a um grupo heterogêneo de alterações que manifestam dificuldades significativas na aquisição e no uso da audição, fala, leitura, escrita, raciocínio ou habilidades matemáticas. O objetivo deste estudo consiste em verificar a eficácia terapêutica de um programa de remediação fonológica e leitura em escolares com distúrbio de aprendizagem. Participaram deste estudo 40 crianças de 2ª a 4ª séries de ensino fundamental do município de Marília-SP, de ambos os gêneros, na faixa etária de 8 a 12 anos de idade, sendo distribuídos nos seguintes grupos: GI: composto de 20 escolares sem dificuldades de aprendizagem da rede municipal de ensino público, subdividido em GIE (10 escolares que foram submetidos ao programa de remediação fonológica e leitura) e GIC (10 escolares que não foram submetidos ao programa de remediação fonológica e leitura), e GII: composto de 20 escolares com diagnóstico interdisciplinar de distúrbio de aprendizagem, subdivididos em GIIE (10 escolares que foram submetidos ao programa de remediação fonológica e leitura) e GIIC (10 escolares que não foram submetidos ao programa de remediação fonológica e leitura). Em situação de pré e pós-testagem, todos os sujeitos deste estudo foram submetidos à aplicação do Teste de Desempenho Cognitivo-Lingüístico nas versões coletivo e individual, seguido de avaliação da leitura oral e da compreensão de textos. Os resultados foram analisados estatisticamente, utilizando o Teste de Mann- Whitney com o objetivo de verificar... / Learning is a process that occurs in the central nervous system in which permanent changes happen, provoking functional or behavioural change. It allows an individual to adapt in the environment he makes part. Learning difficulty is a generic expression regarding to heterogeneous groups of modification that manifest relevant difficulty in acquiring and using hearing, talking, reading, writing and mathematical aptitude. Thus, this research aims verifying therapeutic effectiveness of the phonological and reading program of remediation in students with learning difficulty 40 students of both gender and ranging 8 to 12 years old, of the elementary school of Marília, SP, Brazil, participated of this study. They were divided in groups: GI – 20 students without learning difficulty subdivided in GIE (10 students that have being submitted to the program of remediation) and GIC (10 students that have not being submitted to the program of remediation); and GII: 20 students with learning difficulty subdivided in GIIE (10 students that have being submitted to the program of remediation) and GIIC (10 students that have not being submitted to the program of remediation). In previous and post testing situation, all subjects of this study have being submitted to the Cognitive-Linguistic Performance Test in the collective and individual version and submitted to oral reading and text comprehension tasks. The results were statistically analyzed using the Mann- Whitney Test aiming at verifying differences of the groups of previous and post testing. They were also statistically analyzed using the Wilcoxon Test aiming at verifying differences of both moment, previous and post testing, considered in the assessment of each group. Data were analyzed using Friedman Test aiming at verifying differences of the variables of each group. The results highlighted that GI presented inferior development comparing... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

abstract: How hard should the books be in elementary small-group reading? This study explored text difficulty for bilingual students reading below grade level in third grade. Using a convergent parallel mixed methods design, I used qualitative methods to analyze students’ engagement and discussion during small groups and single case design to evaluate students’ fluency and reading comprehension after reading and discussing texts in small groups. Six Spanish-English bilingual students, split into two groups of three, participated in twelve, 30-minute, small-group reading sessions. Students in Group 1 read approximately one year below grade level, and students in Group 2 read approximately a year and a half below grade level. In six of the twelve sessions, students read and discussed texts matched to their reading levels, and in the other six they read and discussed texts one year ahead of their reading levels. I assigned matched and difficult texts across the twelve days by blocked randomization. I analyzed video transcripts of each session to understand students’ engagement (focus of engagement, strategies, and interaction) and discussion (inferential vs. literal responses, instances of verbal participation). At the end of each session, students reread and retold the book the group had read and discussed that day to produce a fluency (words correct per minute) and comprehension (ideas correctly retold) score. Findings were complex and revealed that different levels of texts have both advantages and drawbacks. Key findings included: For fluency, half of the students benefited from matched texts. The other half read difficult texts with similar fluency to matched texts. For comprehension, text difficulty did not matter for anyone except one student, and for him it only had an effect on 3 of 12 days. Group 2 engaged much more with texts and ideas in difficult books and with pictures in matched books. Group 1 had more inferential/interpretive responses with matched texts, and Group 2 had more inferential and interpretive responses with difficult texts. Most students participated evenly regardless of the difficulty of the text under discussion. However, two students talked more when discussing matched texts. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Learning, Literacies and Technologies 2018

Dificuldades de aprendizagem são apresentadas por alunos das séries iniciais em um número alto e recorrente nas escolas brasileiras. A aplicação de métodos que auxiliem na transposição desses obstáculos é relevante e de suma importância. O exercício físico tem conhecidos benefícios a saúde física, mas sua benfeitoria a saúde mental e nos processos de aprendizagem podem e devem ser melhores utilizados no ambiente escolar. Através de jogos e brincadeiras pode-se levar aos alunos que apresentam dificuldades de aprendizagem a capacidade de reverter tal quadro, proporcionando um método diferenciado de reforço escolar. O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar se atividade física adaptada à área de ciências acarreta na melhora do desempenho escolar dos alunos participantes. Foi realizado um estudo de caso realizado com alunos pertencentes a uma turma de 4º ano do Ensino Fundamental, de uma Escola Municipal de Porto Alegre. Através da elaboração de um programa adaptado de exercício físico, houve a revisão dos conteúdos já trabalhados em aula da área de ciências que ocasionavam nos alunos uma maior dificuldade de entendimento e por conseguinte, levavam-nos a a um baixo rendimento escolar. A adaptação se deu através de jogos e brincadeiras que comtemplavam, em suas regras, os conteúdos já trabalhados em sala de aula. Os dados foram coletados a partir de questionários aplicados aos alunos, categorizando-os sob um enfoque quali-quantitativo, levando em consideração seus conhecimentos no pré e pós-teste e de questionário aplicado à professora da turma, acerca de suas impressões sobre os conhecimentos dos alunos. O estudo se mostrou relevante perante os resultados analisados no pós-teste, evidenciando uma relevância p<0,05 no teste qui-quadrado e na análise textual das respostas dos alunos, revelando uma maior capacidade de relação dos termos trabalhados nas atividades com o conceito de ciências. No discurso da professora da turma, que salienta uma melhora significativa do desempenho escolar, no interesse e na atenção dos alunos participantes em novos conteúdos. Propostas assim deveriam ser levadas ao ambiente escolar frequentemente, portanto. / Learning difficulties are presented by students of the initial series on a high and recurrent number in Brazilian schools. The application of methods to assist in the implementation of these obstacles is relevant and very important. The exercise has known benefits to physical health but your mental health improvement and learning processes can and should be better used in the school environment. Through games and activities can lead to students with learning disabilities the ability to reverse this situation, providing a different method of tutoring. This study aimed to assess whether physical activity adapted to the science area brings in improving the academic performance of students participating. We conducted a case study with students belonging to a group of 4th year of elementary school, a municipal school of Porto Alegre. Through the development of a tailored program of exercise, there was a review of the content already worked in class area of science that occasioned the students greater difficulty in understanding and therefore led us to a low school performance. The adaptation was through games and activities that had in its rules, the content already worked in the classroom. Data were collected from questionnaires given to students, categorizing them under a qualitative and quantitative approach, taking into account their expertise in pre- and post-test and a questionnaire applied to the class teacher, about his impressions of the knowledge of students. The study showed significant before the results analyzed in the post-test, showing a relevance p <0.05 in the chi-square test and textual analysis of student responses, revealing a greater capacity to respect the terms worked in activities with the concept science. In the speech of the teacher of the class, which highlights a significant improvement in school performance, the interest and attention of students participating in new content. Proposals like this should be brought to the school environment often so.

Orientador: Maria Rita Salzano Moraes / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-13T05:06:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Garcia_MarciaCristinaCarvalho_M.pdf: 781410 bytes, checksum: a3713425cdbf115b254c376c30279c25 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: Este trabalho é uma reflexão sobre a dificuldade de aprendizado da língua inglesa, a partir do quadro teórico que toma a língua como estruturante do sujeito e que, por isso mesmo, considera muito importante a relação entre língua materna e língua estrangeira na aprendizagem desta última. A dificuldade é tomada como o que barra o aprendizado e é tratada como algo que antecede a possibilidade do "erro", pois pensamos que o aluno que comete "erros" consegue, de alguma forma, por a língua em movimento. Buscamos refletir sobre o que se coloca em movimento a um dado sujeito quando ele é confrontado com o aprendizado de uma língua estrangeira. Acreditamos que a relação que o aluno estabelece com a língua estrangeira revela traços de sua inscrição na língua materna, articulada com aquilo que ela carrega de decisivo para o funcionamento do sujeito. Para falar a língua materna foi necessária uma identificação, que Freud chamou de identificação primária. Para falar a língua estrangeira, pensamos também ser necessária uma identificação, no sentido freudiano. Para falar a língua estrangeira será necessário que o sujeito seja capaz de se distanciar da língua que o constituiu, porém enfatizamos que ela sempre estará presente de forma latente, tendo em vista que a posição de falante, conquistada por meio da ascensão à língua materna, nunca é esquecida. / Abstract: This paper is a reflection about the difficulties in learning a foreign language. The theory underlying this reflection is the one which considers the language as the responsible for structuring the subject and for this reason considers the relationship between the mother tongue and the foreign language very important during the learning of the latter. The difficulty is considered as something that prevents the learning to take place and is thought as something that is previous to the possibility of making "mistakes". We believe that the student who makes "mistakes" is able to speak the language, in a certain way. We try to reflect about what is put in motion when a certain subject is confronted with the learning of a foreign language. We consider that the relationship that the student establishes with the foreign language reveals traits of his/her unconscious relationship of his/her inscription in the mother tongue connected with what it is considered of great importance to the subject. To speak the mother tongue it was necessary what Freud called as primary identification. We believe that to speak a foreign language it will be necessary that the subject identifies himself/herself with the foreign language. In order to be able to speak a foreign language the subject must be able to keep the mother tongue repressed. The mother tongue will always be present in a latent way. The position of the speaker, which was conquered in the process of learning the mother tongue, will never be forgotten. / Mestrado / Lingua Materna / Mestre em Linguística Aplicada