Orientador: Juliano Maurício de Carvalho / Banca: Francisco Rolfsen Belda / Banca: Regina Célia Baptista Belluzzo / Resumo: Esta dissertação realiza a análise do processo de gestão da produção dos programas esportivos "Redação SporTV", "Arena SporTV", "Arena SporTV" e "SporTV News" do canal por assinatura SporTV, pertencente a GloboSat, durante o processo de digitalização do sinal analógico da televisão brasileira. São abordados o jornalismo esportivo nos meios de comunicação de massa, a gestão da produção de televisão que engloba o planejamento, a produção e as formas de veiculação, marketing esportivo e o futebol como negócio. É identificado o processo de gestão da produção de programas na televisão digital, por meio de aplicação de questionário aberto que permitiu também o entendimento de como é realizado o conteúdo esportivo capturado para os programas, a partir da digitalização. É analisado, após análise dos referenciais teóricos, mapeamento do mercado esportivo, levantamento de dados, bem como a configuração atual da gestão da produção no canal de televisão por assinatura e como a equipe de produção dos programas percebe as mudanças ocorridas após a implantação da televisão digital e as perspectivas para o futuro com as ferramentas digitais / Abstract: This dessertation analyzes the productiuon managementof shows "Redação SporTV", "Arena SporTV" and "SportTV News", from SporTV, a channel belonging to GloboSat, during the digitalization process in Brazil. This work discusses sports reporting in the mass communication media, management of television production that encompasses the planning, production and ways of serving, and soccer as a sport marketing business. We have identified the process of managing the production of digital television programs through the application of polls which also allowed the understanding of how the content is performed for the sports programs considering the digital television. We also discuss, after theoretical analysis, the mapping of the sports market, survey data, as well as the current status of the production management of pay-TV channels and how the production team of the shows perceive the changes after the implementation of digital television and their prospects for the future with digital tools / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-09-30Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:10:10Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 sette_gm_me_bauru.pdf: 839228 bytes, checksum: 3d2131be52b274d2cc01a20e196353ae (MD5) / Esta dissertação realiza a análise do processo de gestão da produção dos programas esportivos Redação SporTV, Arena SporTV, Arena SporTV e SporTV News do canal por assinatura SporTV, pertencente a GloboSat, durante o processo de digitalização do sinal analógico da televisão brasileira. São abordados o jornalismo esportivo nos meios de comunicação de massa, a gestão da produção de televisão que engloba o planejamento, a produção e as formas de veiculação, marketing esportivo e o futebol como negócio. É identificado o processo de gestão da produção de programas na televisão digital, por meio de aplicação de questionário aberto que permitiu também o entendimento de como é realizado o conteúdo esportivo capturado para os programas, a partir da digitalização. É analisado, após análise dos referenciais teóricos, mapeamento do mercado esportivo, levantamento de dados, bem como a configuração atual da gestão da produção no canal de televisão por assinatura e como a equipe de produção dos programas percebe as mudanças ocorridas após a implantação da televisão digital e as perspectivas para o futuro com as ferramentas digitais / This dessertation analyzes the productiuon managementof shows Redação SporTV, Arena SporTV and SportTV News, from SporTV, a channel belonging to GloboSat, during the digitalization process in Brazil. This work discusses sports reporting in the mass communication media, management of television production that encompasses the planning, production and ways of serving, and soccer as a sport marketing business. We have identified the process of managing the production of digital television programs through the application of polls which also allowed the understanding of how the content is performed for the sports programs considering the digital television. We also discuss, after theoretical analysis, the mapping of the sports market, survey data, as well as the current status of the production management of pay-TV channels and how the production team of the shows perceive the changes after the implementation of digital television and their prospects for the future with digital tools

This study compares the impact of media ownership, regulation and policy, and technology adoption on the introduction of digital terrestrial television in the United States and Mainland China. Through the use of a case study approach, a qualitative and quantitative examination is given. The results indicate that private group ownership throughout the U.S. digital terrestrial television industry and state ownership in China's television industry lead to the different paths to digital transition. Both governments, however, are deeply involved in respective digital initiatives and play an important role in the implementation from analog to digital. The technical standard adoption in the two countries places the underpinning for the future development of digital television (DTV), which also results in China lagging behind the United States by almost ten years. The differences of technological environments in households and income among consumers in the two countries further predict the intention to DTV adoption.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:38:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gustavo de Melo Valeira.pdf: 5235384 bytes, checksum: b73ab4b64760275d30c77ef2e8a779c1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-06-25 / The purpose of this work is the development of a transmission platform with a graphical interface and software, using a TV channel of Brazilian Digital Television Standard (SBTVD) to transmit encapsulated data, audio and video. Initially is presented the SBTVD, with major highlight for multiplexing, given its importance in identifying and decoding the received signal. Within the transmitted bitstream there are certain tables that are responsible for identifying the information type present in the channel, being the most important detailed in this work. To make easy this configuration is presented the graphical interface to configure a channel in two situations: encapsulated data in ethernet format and audio/video content. Beside this, are compared the efficiencies of utilizing the packing control of multiprotocol encapsulation, that is used to transmit data in ethernet format. Also is presented an exploratory study of efficiency of bit rate related with the addition of the necessary headers to transmit correctly the signal in ethernet format inside the SBTVD transport protocol. / O objetivo deste trabalho é o desenvolvimento de uma plataforma de transmissão com interface gráfica e software, utilizando um canal de TV do Sistema Brasileiro de TV Digital (SBTVD) para a transmissão de dados encapsulados, áudio e vídeo. Inicialmente é apresentado o SBTVD, com maior destaque para a multiplexação, haja vista a sua importância na identificação e decodificação do sinal recebido. Dentro do fluxo de bits transmitido existem certas tabelas que são responsáveis pela identificação dos tipos de informação presentes no canal, sendo as mais importantes detalhadas neste trabalho. Para facilitar essa configuração é apresentada a interface gráfica para configurar um canal em duas situações: dados encapsulados no formato ethernet e conteúdo de áudio/vídeo. Além disso, são comparadas as eficiências da utilização do controle de empacotamento do encapsulamento multiprotocolo, que é usado para transmitir dados no formato ethernet. Também é apresentado um estudo exploratório da eficiência da taxa de bits relacionada com a adição dos cabeçalhos necessários para transmitir corretamente o sinal no formato ethernet dentro do protocolo de transporte do SBTVD.

This thesis is focused on a receiver for digital television broadcasting set-top box, mainly on its features, parameters and measurement. The important point of this work is the possibility to analyze and visualize the parallel transport stream in the same time and the solution of this problem. The principle of tuner and its measuring is deeply discussed. The text is supported with oscilloscope screenshots in particular parts of decoding stream. The set-top box is modified for laboratory measurement purpose and the transport stream output is added. An example laboratory exercise was created as a part of this work.

Obiettivo di questo lavoro è definire il processo di interazione con la televisione digitale terrestre secondo una prospettiva psicosociale, che tenga conto delle e modalità di rappresentazione e fruizione della stessa da parte degli utenti e degli esperti del settore. Dal materiale prodotto (interviste agli utenti e analisi della Prima Conferenza Nazionale sulla DTT) emerge una diversità tra i due punti di vista: i telespettatori mostrano di essere ancora legati ad una fruizione tradizionale del medium televisivo, mentre gli esperti ritengono che il digitale sia un prodotto per la massa, in grado di rispondere al bisogno di ascolto e di partecipazione che gli spettatori manifestano. / Aim of this work is to define the process of interaction with the DTT according to a psychosocial perspective, taking into account its representation and fruition, from part of the users and the experts of the field. From the data collected (interviews to DTT users and analysis of the First National Conference on DTT) a difference rises between the comparison of the two points of view: the televiewers seem to be still bound to a traditional fruition of the medium; but regarding the experts' representations the digital is thought as a product for the mass that at the same time can answer to that need of participation the televiewers show.

Esta tesis doctoral tiene como objeto de estudio las políticas públicas de la televisión digital terrestre. Sus principales objetivos son determinar la pertinencia de la acción pública para afrontar la transición analógico-digital de la plataforma terrestre, analizar las principales tendencias de intervención e identificar qué estrategias y mecanismos contribuyen de manera más eficaz a completar la implantación de la TDT con éxito.Para ello, en la primera parte de la investigación se define un marco teórico sobre las políticas públicas de los medios. Además, se exploran las repercusiones de la digitalización sobre el sistema televisivo. En la segunda parte de la tesis, se analizan las líneas de intervención desarrolladas por la Unión Europea y cómo éstas han determinado un marco de referencia que condiciona la acción estatal. Por último, se efectúa un estudio comparado de las políticas públicas implementadas en Suecia y España, dos países pioneros en la implantación de la TDT en el contexto europeo. Sus experiencias permiten extraer lecciones que serán de utilidad para aquellos estados que deban afrontar la digitalización de la televisión terrestre en los próximos años. / This PhD dissertation analyses public policy dealing with the implementation of Digital Terrestrial Television. The main objectives of the research carried out were: determining the appropriateness of public intervention, analysing what its main tendencies are and identifying which strategies and policy mechanisms are the most effective ones in order to complete the switchover at the terrestrial platform. In the first part, a theoretical framework regarding public policy for the media is defined. In addition, the repercussions of digitalisation on the television system are analysed. In the second part of the dissertation, the research focuses on the policies carried out by the European Union's Institutions in order to asses how supranational actions condition the Member States' initiatives by means of defining a reference framework. Following that, the cases of Sweden and Spain are compared. Both countries have been pioneers concerning DTT implementation within the European context. Their rich experiences provide useful lessons for other countries that have to confront the digital transition of terrestrial broadcasting in the next few years.

做為新制度流派之一的歷史制度論認為：一政策的成形，乃為情境中各要角(actor)勢力的競逐過程。研究者則在探討，做為競逐場域的共同傳輸公司，各要角勢力的競逐態勢，又將對未來台灣數位無線電視的樣貌，產生什麼樣的影響？ 本研究提出，要探討台灣共同傳輸公司的建構意涵，需回到歐洲公共廣電媒體數位化的發展脈絡進行考察，並再回到台灣的情境脈絡中，定義共同傳輸公司於台灣的建置意涵為何。 研究者從八國（英國、瑞典、西班牙、法國、荷蘭、芬蘭、愛爾蘭、義大利）歐洲公共廣電媒體數位化的過程，歸納出三套共同傳輸公司的類型，包括：「既有獨佔型」、「準公共事業型」，及「市場競爭型」。本研究除分析這三種傳輸公司類型移植台灣的意義為何，並進一步評估其移植的可行性。另外，本研究亦針對共同傳輸公司議題，對未來「NCC作用法」的修法方向提出建議。 / The goal of Historical Institutionalism is one of the sects of New Institutionalism. It focus on finding, measuring and tracing patterns and sequences of social, political, economic behavior and change across time and space. Historical Institutionalism argue that the actors involved in the social context are the important variables for understanding political outcomes. This study try to find out the process of transmission company construction in Taiwan based on the viewpoint of historical institutionalism. Taiwan government plans to switch of the analog terrestrial television before 2010. Government try to stop the vertical integration of terrestrial television. Then also plan to construct the transmission company. This study compares with the process of digitalization of European public service broadcasting, and typologies 3 forms of transmission company, including ‘Existing-monopoly Type’, ‘Quasi-public service Type’ and ‘Market-competition Type’. After that, continuing thinking about the adaptability of three types in Taiwan. And also interprets the connotation of development of transmission company in Taiwan.

This is an exploratory study conducted to assess the way in which social media could enhance the experience for audiences of the South African Broadcasting Corporation (SABC) television drama. This study focused on Facebook and Twitter since they are two of the top five social media networks that are popular in the country and which have the potential to offer television more mileage in terms of communicating with its audience and extending its reach. The guiding theory for this study was uses and gratifications theory. This theory was employed to assist in assessing the opportunities that exist for SABC television drama, as well as to assess the ways in which the audience believe social media could be helpful in interacting with SABC television drama. The results for this study are interesting in that the majority of respondents believed that having a hashtag on screen during a drama broadcast would help to increase interactivity with the programme, as it could help direct audiences to the correct interactive space for that programme and they would be able to share their ideas and comments on the drama directly with the producers, making feedback immediate. It was interesting to note that the respondents believed that they could interact with SABC television drama for information relating to the story. The findings suggest that SABC television drama needs to actively adopt social media in its programmes for maximum interaction. There is also the need for an understanding of how they Facebook and Twitter could be embedded in SABC drama. / Communication Science / M.A. (Communication Science)

Nowadays, the digital terrestrial television (DTT) market is characterized by the high capacity needed for high definition TV services. There is a need for an efficient use of the broadcast spectrum, which requires new technologies to guarantee increased capacities. Non-Uniform Constellations (NUC) arise as one of the most innovative techniques to approach those requirements. NUCs reduce the gap between uniform Gray-labelled Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) constellations and the theoretical unconstrained Shannon limit. With these constellations, symbols are optimized in both in-phase (I) and quadrature (Q) components by means of signal geometrical shaping, considering a certain signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and channel model. There are two types of NUC, one-dimensional and two-dimensional NUCs (1D-NUC and 2D-NUC, respectively). 1D-NUCs maintain the squared shape from QAM, but relaxing the distribution between constellation symbols in a single component, with non-uniform distance between them. These constellations provide better SNR performance than QAM, without any demapping complexity increase. 2D-NUCs also relax the square shape constraint, allowing to optimize the symbol positions in both dimensions, thus achieving higher capacity gains and lower SNR requirements. However, the use of 2D-NUCs implies a higher demapping complexity, since a 2D-demapper is needed, i.e. I and Q components cannot be separated. In this dissertation, NUCs are analyzed from both transmit and receive point of views, using either single-input single-output (SISO) or multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna configurations. In SISO transmissions, 1D-NUCs and 2D-NUCs are optimized for a wide range of SNRs and different constellation orders. The optimization of rotated 2D-NUCs is also investigated. Even though the demapping complexity is not increased, the SNR gain of these constellations is not significant. The highest rotation gain is obtained for low-order constellations and high SNRs. However, with multi-RF techniques, the SNR gain is drastically increased, since I and Q components are transmitted in different RF channels. In this thesis, multi-RF gains of NUCs with and without rotation are provided for some representative scenarios. At the receiver, two different implementation bottlenecks are explored. First, the demapping complexity of all considered constellations is analyzed. Afterwards, two complexity reduction algorithms for 2D-NUCs are proposed. Both algorithms drastically reduce the number of distances to compute. Moreover, both are finally combined in a single demapper. Quantization of NUCs is also explored in this dissertation, since LLR values and I/Q components are modified when using these constellations, compared to traditional QAM constellations. A new algorithm that is based on the optimization of the quantizer levels for a particular constellation is proposed. The use of NUCs in multi-antenna communications is also investigated. It includes the optimization in one or two antennas, the use of power imbalance, the cross-polar discrimination (XPD) between receive antennas, or the use of different demappers. Assuming different values for the parameters evaluated, new Multi-Antenna Non-Uniform Constellations (MA-NUC) are obtained by means of a particularized re-optimization process, specific for MIMO. At the receiver, an extended demapping complexity analysis is performed, where it is shown that the use of 2D-NUCs in MIMO extremely increases the demapping complexity. As an alternative, an efficient solution for 2D-NUCs and MIMO systems based on Soft-Fixed Sphere Decoding (SFSD) is proposed. The main drawback is that SFSD demappers do not work with 2D-NUCs, since they perform a Successive Interference Cancellation (SIC) step that needs to be performed in separated I and Q components. The proposed method quantifies the closest symbol using Voronoi regions and allows SFSD demappers to work. / Hoy en día, el mercado de la televisión digital terrestre (TDT) está caracterizado por la alta capacidad requerida para transmitir servicios de televisión de alta definición y el espectro disponible. Es necesario por tanto un uso eficiente del espectro radioeléctrico, el cual requiere nuevas tecnologías para garantizar mayores capacidades. Las constelaciones no-uniformes (NUC) emergen como una de las técnicas más innovadoras para abordar tales requerimientos. Las NUC reducen el espacio existente entre las constelaciones uniformes QAM y el límite teórico de Shannon. Con estas constelaciones, los símbolos se optimizan en ambas componentes fase (I) y cuadratura (Q) mediante técnicas geométricas de modelado de la señal, considerando un nivel señal a ruido (SNR) concreto y un modelo de canal específico. Hay dos tipos de NUC, unidimensionales y bidimensionales (1D-NUC y 2D-NUC, respectivamente). Las 1D-NUC mantienen la forma cuadrada de las QAM, pero permiten cambiar la distribución entre los símbolos en una componente concreta, teniendo una distancia no uniforme entre ellos. Estas constelaciones proporcionan un mejor rendimiento SNR que QAM, sin ningún incremento en la complejidad en el demapper. Las 2D-NUC también permiten cambiar la forma cuadrada de la constelación, permitiendo optimizar los símbolos en ambas dimensiones y por tanto obteniendo mayores ganancias en capacidad y menores requerimientos en SNR. Sin embargo, el uso de 2D-NUCs implica una mayor complejidad en el receptor. En esta tesis se analizan las NUC desde el punto de vista tanto de transmisión como de recepción, utilizando bien configuraciones con una antena (SISO) o con múltiples antenas (MIMO). En transmisiones SISO, se han optimizado 1D-NUCs para un rango amplio de distintas SNR y varios órdenes de constelación. También se ha investigado la optimización de 2D-NUCs rotadas. Aunque la complejidad no aumenta, la ganancia SNR de estas constelaciones no es significativa. La mayor ganancia por rotación se obtiene para bajos órdenes de constelación y altas SNR. Sin embargo, utilizando técnicas multi-RF, la ganancia aumenta drásticamente puesto que las componentes I y Q se transmiten en distintos canales RF. En esta tesis, se han estudiado varias ganancias multi-RF representativas de las NUC, con o sin rotación. En el receptor, se han identificado dos cuellos de botella diferentes en la implementación. Primero, se ha analizado la complejidad en el receptor para todas las constelaciones consideradas y, posteriormente, se proponen dos algoritmos para reducir la complejidad con 2D-NUCs. Además, los dos pueden combinarse en un único demapper. También se ha explorado la cuantización de estas constelaciones, ya que tanto los valores LLR como las componentes I/Q se ven modificados, comparando con constelaciones QAM tradicionales. Además, se ha propuesto un algoritmo que se basa en la optimización para diferentes niveles de cuantización, para una NUC concreta. Igualmente, se ha investigado en detalle el uso de NUCs en MIMO. Se ha incluido la optimización en una sola o en dos antenas, el uso de un desbalance de potencia, factores de discriminación entre antenas receptoras (XPD), o el uso de distintos demappers. Asumiendo distintos valores, se han obtenido nuevas constelaciones multi-antena (MA-NUC) gracias a un nuevo proceso de re-optimización específico para MIMO. En el receptor, se ha extendido el análisis de complejidad en el demapper, la cual se incrementa enormemente con el uso de 2D-NUCs y sistemas MIMO. Como alternativa, se propone una solución basada en el algoritmo Soft-Fixed Sphere Decoding (SFSD). El principal problema es que estos demappers no funcionan con 2D-NUCs, puesto que necesitan de un paso adicional en el que las componentes I y Q necesitan separarse. El método propuesto cuantifica el símbolo más cercano utilizando las regiones de Voronoi, permitiendo el uso de este tipo de receptor. / Actualment, el mercat de la televisió digital terrestre (TDT) està caracteritzat per l'alta capacitat requerida per a transmetre servicis de televisió d'alta definició i l'espectre disponible. És necessari per tant un ús eficient de l'espectre radioelèctric, el qual requereix noves tecnologies per a garantir majors capacitats i millors servicis. Les constel·lacions no-uniformes (NUC) emergeixen com una de les tècniques més innovadores en els sistemes de televisió de següent generació per a abordar tals requeriments. Les NUC redueixen l'espai existent entre les constel·lacions uniformes QAM i el límit teòric de Shannon. Amb estes constel·lacions, els símbols s'optimitzen en ambdós components fase (I) i quadratura (Q) per mitjà de tècniques geomètriques de modelatge del senyal, considerant un nivell senyal a soroll (SNR) concret i un model de canal específic. Hi ha dos tipus de NUC, unidimensionals i bidimensionals (1D-NUC i 2D-NUC, respectivament). 1D-NUCs mantenen la forma quadrada de les QAM, però permet canviar la distribució entre els símbols en una component concreta, tenint una distància no uniforme entre ells. Estes constel·lacions proporcionen un millor rendiment SNR que QAM, sense cap increment en la complexitat al demapper. 2D-NUC també canvien la forma quadrada de la constel·lació, permetent optimitzar els símbols en ambdós dimensions i per tant obtenint majors guanys en capacitat i menors requeriments en SNR. No obstant això, l'ús de 2D-NUCs implica una major complexitat en el receptor, ja que es necessita un demapper 2D, on les components I i Q no poden ser separades. En esta tesi s'analitzen les NUC des del punt de vista tant de transmissió com de recepció, utilitzant bé configuracions amb una antena (SISO) o amb múltiples antenes (MIMO). En transmissions SISO, s'han optimitzat 1D-NUCs, per a un rang ampli de distintes SNR i diferents ordes de constel·lació. També s'ha investigat l'optimització de 2D-NUCs rotades. Encara que la complexitat no augmenta, el guany SNR d'estes constel·lacions no és significativa. El major guany per rotació s'obté per a baixos ordes de constel·lació i altes SNR. No obstant això, utilitzant tècniques multi-RF, el guany augmenta dràsticament ja que les components I i Q es transmeten en distints canals RF. En esta tesi, s'ha estudiat el guany multi-RF de les NUC, amb o sense rotació. En el receptor, s'han identificat dos colls de botella diferents en la implementació. Primer, s'ha analitzat la complexitat en el receptor per a totes les constel·lacions considerades i, posteriorment, es proposen dos algoritmes per a reduir la complexitat amb 2D-NUCs. Ambdós algoritmes redueixen dràsticament el nombre de distàncies. A més, els dos poden combinar-se en un únic demapper. També s'ha explorat la quantització d'estes constel·lacions, ja que tant els valors LLR com les components I/Q es veuen modificats, comparant amb constel·lacions QAM tradicionals. A més, s'ha proposat un algoritme que es basa en l'optimització per a diferents nivells de quantització, per a una NUC concreta. Igualment, s'ha investigat en detall l'ús de NUCs en MIMO. S'ha inclòs l'optimització en una sola o en dos antenes, l'ús d'un desbalanç de potència, factors de discriminació entre antenes receptores (XPD), o l'ús de distints demappers. Assumint distints valors, s'han obtingut noves constel·lacions multi-antena (MA-NUC) gràcies a un nou procés de re-optimització específic per a MIMO. En el receptor, s'ha modificat l'anàlisi de complexitat al demapper, la qual s'incrementa enormement amb l'ús de 2D-NUCs i sistemes MIMO. Com a alternativa, es proposa una solució basada en l'algoritme Soft-Fixed Sphere Decoding (SFSD) . El principal problema és que estos demappers no funcionen amb 2D-NUCs, ja que necessiten d'un pas addicional en què les components I i Q necessiten separar-se. El mètode proposat quantifica el símbol més pròxim utilitzan / Fuentes Muela, M. (2017). Non-Uniform Constellations for Next-Generation Digital Terrestrial Broadcast Systems [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/84743 / TESIS