A presente dissertação parte da observação do fenômeno denominado digital assets. Há pouco tempo, estes foram destacados pela dogmática do common law em estudos estrangeiros sobre a relação entre Direito e Tecnologia. A consolidação da internet, na Sociedade da Informação, universalizou diversas temáticas de ordem digital, incluindo o objeto desta pesquisa. Vale ressaltar, porém, que a proposta deste estudo segue rumo diverso das investigações alienígenas relacionadas às problemáticas jurídicas sucessórias Nesta empreitada acadêmica, buscou-se depurar criticamente a figura dos digital assets, sob a ótica civilista nacional. Primeiramente, estes são analisados, sob a visão doutrinária oriundas de países anglo-saxões, notadamente Inglaterra e Estados Unidos, em suas diversas facetas. Em um segundo momento, notando-se a possibilidade de assimilação da proposta estrangeira à realidade do Direito Civil brasileiro, foram propostas soluções para melhor acomodar esta figura ao ordenamento jurídico pátrio. Com esta base erguida, buscou-se tratar dos assets digitalizados, em virtude de sua importância singular na realidade digital brasileira, com um enfoque naqueles digital assets mais caros às pessoas. Com efeito, ao fim, chegou-se à conclusão de que a sistemática dos direitos de personalidade brasileira pode protegê-los eficientemente na área do Direito Civil. / This dissertations inspiration came from the observation of the so-called digital assets. Not so long ago, they have been outlined by foreign studies, surrounding law and technology, that came from common law tradition countries. It is actually certain that the consolidation of the internet made certain digital issues of global concern, including the subject of this research. However, it is necessary to say that this study takes a different approach, if compared with its inspiring studies generally concerned with succession law matters. In this academic undertaking, it is intended to better understand the digital assets under the Brazilian civil law view. Firstly, the digital assets are analized under different angles, according to the dogmatic proposals of the Anglo-Saxon countries, especially England and the United States. Secondly, with the conclusion that there is the possibility of settling this figure to the Brazilian civil law system, some dogmatic proposals are made. Then, the main concern of this research goes to the protection of the digital assets, fundamentally those related to the personality rights. At the end, this study reachs the conclusion that the personality rights are able to protect some digital assets effectively under the civil law Brazilian system.

Η δημιουργία, παρουσίαση και ανταλλαγή της πληροφορίας όπως, επίσης, και η συλλογή, οργάνωση και αποθήκευση των μέσων πληροφορίας είναι εργασίες που επιτελούνται από τον άνθρωπο από τον καιρό της ύπαρξής του. Αυτό που καθιστά το πρόβλημα μεγαλύτερο και δυσκολότερο για την σημερινή κοινωνία της πληροφορίας είναι η διαχείριση της ποσότητας της πληροφορίας σε ψηφιακή μορφή (ψηφιακό περιεχόμενο), η ταχύτητα με την οποία αναπαράγεται και οι τρόποι με τους οποίους παρουσιάζεται, ανταλλάσσεται, οργανώνεται και αποθηκεύεται. Η εδραίωση του Παγκόσμιου Ιστού έχει επηρεάσει δραματικά όλες αυτές τις δραστηριότητες παρέχοντάς μας νέα εργαλεία και μορφές διαχείρισης και διάθεσης ψηφιακού υλικού. Τόσο η δημιουργία ψηφιακού περιεχομένου από έναν συνεχώς αυξανόμενο αριθμό αναλογικών και ψηφιακών πηγών όσο και η ανάγκη αναπαράστασής του σε μια ατέλειωτη λίστα διαφορετικών μορφών και τύπων έχουν μεταβάλλει σε πολύ μεγάλο βαθμό τους τρόπους της διαχείρισής του. Στις μέρες μας, οργανισμοί με μεγάλο όγκο ψηφιακού υλικού προβάλλουν και διανέμουν το υλικό τους μέσω του Παγκόσμιου Ιστού εμπλουτίζοντας και προεκτείνοντας τις ηλεκτρονικές τους υπηρεσίες και εφαρμογές αξιοποιώντας τα δίκτυα υπολογιστών. Κάτι τέτοιο απαιτεί την ολοκλήρωση εξειδικευμένων πληροφοριακών συστημάτων στην επιχειρησιακή λογική ενός οργανισμού καθώς και την ορθή του χρήση και υποστήριξη από ειδικό προσωπικό. Τα συστήματα αυτά αποτελούν έναν καθοριστικό παράγοντα για τη μελλοντική ανάπτυξη ενός οργανισμού ενώ εγγυώνται και διασφαλίζουν τις οικονομικές του επενδύσεις. Ωστόσο, ο Παγκόσμιος Ιστός αποτελεί ένα ιδιαίτερα εχθρικό περιβάλλον όσον αφορά θέματα ασφάλειας, πλήττοντας άμεσα την εμπορική (ή μη) εκμετάλλευση του διακινούμενου ψηφιακού περιεχομένου. Σε κάθε περίπτωση, οι οργανισμοί οφείλουν να αντιμετωπίσουν όλες εκείνες τις προκλήσεις που προέρχονται από τα ανοιχτά θέματα ασφάλειας του Διαδικτύου ακριβώς επειδή αυτά μπορούν να προκαλέσουν απώλειες μεγάλου όγκου δεδομένων, να οδηγήσουν σε οικονομική καταστροφή ή/και να αμαυρώσουν το κύρος και την αξιοπιστία του οργανισμού προς το ευρύ κοινό. Στόχος της παρούσας εργασίας είναι η ενδελεχής παρουσίαση πληροφοριακών Συστημάτων Διαχείρισης Ψηφιακών Αντικειμένων (Digital Asset Management Systems – DAMS). Στο 1ο από τα 2 μέρη της, παρουσιάζουμε την αρχιτεκτονική τέτοιων συστημάτων, τις υποδομές πάνω στις οποίες στηρίζονται και υλοποιούνται, τις υπηρεσίες και εφαρμογές που παρέχουν καθώς και τους τρόπους ολοκλήρωσής τους με άλλα πληροφοριακά συστήματα καθώς και με το Διαδίκτυο. Στο 2ο μέρος περιγράφουμε το λεπτομερή σχεδιασμό και την υλοποίηση ενός ανθεκτικού αρχιτεκτονικού μοντέλου ασφάλειας για Internet-based DAMS. Αναπτύσσουμε τις βασικές λειτουργικές προδιαγραφές και απαιτήσεις ασφάλειας με βάση τις οποίες κάναμε το σχεδιασμό. Επιπλέον, περιγράφουμε όλες εκείνες τις κρυπτογραφικές αρχές και τεχνολογίες που χρησιμοποιούμε για να πετύχουμε ασφάλεια στα διαχειριζόμενα δεδομένα και ασφαλή αλληλεπίδραση χρηστών με το μοντέλο μας σε διαδικτυακά συνεργατικά περιβάλλοντα. Τέλος, παρέχουμε μια υλοποίηση ενός πρωτοτύπου για Internet-based DAMS το οποίο στηρίζεται πάνω στο αρχιτεκτονικό μας μοντέλο και αναλύουμε όλα τα τεχνικά ζητήματα που ανακύπτουν. / Information creation, presentation and exchange, but also the collection, organization and storage of information carriers, is an old craft. What makes the problem different in today's information society is the amount of information in digital form (digital content) that has to be handled, the speed at which it is produced and the ways that it is presented, exchanged, organized and stored. The advent of the World Wide Web has tremendously affected all these activities, giving us new tools and ways for harnessing digital material. Its creation from an ever-increasing number of analog and digital sources and the need for representing it into an endless list of different types and formats influences dramatically the ways of its management. Nowadays, rich-media organizations tend to exhibit and distribute their material over Internet by extending their electronic services and applications into computer networks. This task requires specialized information systems and also skilled staff to use, maintain and integrate them into the organization's business logic. Adoption of such systems is a critical factor for future economic growth and return on investment (ROI). However, Internet increases the vulnerability of digital content commercial (or not) exploitation since it is a possibly hostile environment. In any case, organizations have to deal with all the open security challenges that can cause huge data and financial losses, harm their reputation and strictly affect people's trust on them. In the present work we describe the design and implementation of a secure and robust architectural model for digital asset management. Usage and exploitation of the World Wide Web is a critical requirement for a series of administrative tasks such as collecting, managing and distributing valuable assets. Our model addresses a list of fundamental operational and security requirements. It utilizes a number of cryptographic primitives and techniques that provide data safety and secure user interaction on especially demanding on-line collaboration environments. We provide a reference implementation of our architectural model and discuss the technical issues. It is designed as a standalone solution but it can be flexibly adapted in broader management infrastructures as well as existing DAMS platforms.

El uso de la tecnología se ha convertido en una necesidad para muchas empresas, existen nuevos modelos de negocio que años atrás se veían lejanos de desarrollar, pero con el gran avance de la tecnología hoy es posible, por ello han visto la necesidad de adaptarse a la nueva era de digitalización para sobrevivir. La transformación digital trae consigo necesidades como la seguridad de la información, a pesar de ello las PYME han reducido sus presupuestos de seguridad, quedando expuesto a diversas amenazas. Este proyecto consiste en desarrollar una arquitectura de seguridad para la protección de activos digitales en pymes, la cual busca incrementar los niveles de efectividad en los mecanismos de defensa mediante el despliegue de controles efectivos. La arquitectura se basa en los conceptos de OSA y de la metodología SABSA, y considera las capas contextual y conceptual, lógica y física adaptadas Pymes. Además, considera un kit de herramientas para soportar los controles. Los resultados obtenidos del uso de la arquitectura para una empresa pyme del sector retail, indican que se logra un incremento del nivel de seguridad en los diversos niveles de la organización. Se espera que la arquitectura ayude a diversas empresas a gestionar la seguridad con el fin de que puedan desarrollar su negocio. / The use of technology has become a necessity for many companies, there are new business models that years ago were far from developing, but with the great advancement of technology today it is possible, for this reason they have seen the need to adapt to the new era of digitization to survive. The digital transformation brings with it needs such as information security, despite this SMEs have reduced their security budgets, being exposed to various threats. This project consists of developing a security architecture for the protection of digital assets in SMEs, which seeks to increase the levels of effectiveness in defense mechanisms through the deployment of effective controls. The architecture is based on the concepts of OSA and the SABSA methodology, and considers the contextual and conceptual, logical, and physical layers adapted to SMEs. Also, consider a tool kit to support the controls. The results obtained from the use of architecture for an SME company in the retail sector indicate that an increase in the level of security is achieved at the various levels of the organization. The architecture is expected to help various companies manage security so that they can grow their business. / Tesis

Smart contracts are self-executing electronic contracts. Amongst its deployed applications in the digital world is providing a decentralized and transparent method for executing transactions of cryptocurrencies on blockchains. Our thesis aims to investigate the mechanisms influencing execution of smart contracts across different blockchain networks when it comes to transactions of their native tokens. With a focus on the Ethereum, Avalanche, Cardano, Chainlink, and Binance blockchain technologies, an experiment is conducted which involves transferring native tokens on each of the blockchains to obtain results of the speed of each of the transfers and their respective transaction costs. The developed problem statement revolves around understanding the blockchain characteristics and smart contract implementations that contribute to these results. Properties of smart contracts and blockchain networks are established, which form the qualitative data components of our research. Further, we perform an analysis and evaluation of the quantitative results of our experiment to form a connection between each of the blockchains’ qualitative properties and their respective performance. Architecture, gas limit, gas price, and network congestion are identified as key determinants of gas fees and transaction costs. The choice of consensus mechanism, block time, and scalability solutions also play a significant role in transaction speed and time to finality. We believe our discoveries contribute to enhancing the implementation of smart contracts in the context of cryptocurrencies. / Smarta kontrakt är självutförande elektroniska kontrakt. Bland dess tillämpningar i den digitala världen ingår att tillhandahålla en decentraliserad och transparent metod för att utföra transaktioner av kryptovalutor på blockkedjor. Vår examensarbete syftar till att undersöka de mekanismer som påverkar utförandet av smarta kontrakt över olika blockkedjenätverk när det gäller transaktioner av deras valutor. Med fokus på Ethereum, Avalanche, Cardano, Chainlink och Binance blockkedjeteknologier genomförs ett experiment som innebär överföring av valutor på varje blockkedja för att erhålla resultat av hastigheten för varje överföring och deras respektive transaktionskostnader. Det utvecklade problemet kretsar kring förståelsen av blockkedjekaraktäristik och smarta kontraktsimplementeringar som bidrar till dessa resultat. Egenskaper hos smarta kontrakt och blockkedjenätverk fastställs, vilket utgör de kvalitativa datakomponenterna i vår forskning. Dessutom genomför vi en analys och utvärdering av de kvantitativa resultaten från vårt experiment för att skapa en koppling mellan varje blockkedjas kvalitativa egenskaper och deras respektive prestanda. Arkitektur, gasgräns, gaspris och nätverksöverbelastning identifieras som avgörande faktorerna för gasavgifter och transaktionskostnader. Valet av konsensusmekanism, blocktid och skalbarhetslösningar spelar också en betydande roll för transaktionshastighet och tidsmässig avslutning. Vi anser att våra upptäckter bidrar till att förbättra implementeringen av smarta kontrakt i sammanhanget av kryptovalutor.

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Submitted by Brendan Anson Pritchard (bpanson@gmail.com) on 2018-07-10T20:41:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertation-BrendanAnsonV9-1.pdf: 1258557 bytes, checksum: caaaf9518533df66f6b50493f6cecda6 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Simone de Andrade Lopes Pires (simone.lopes@fgv.br) on 2018-07-10T23:09:29Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertation-BrendanAnsonV9-1.pdf: 1258557 bytes, checksum: caaaf9518533df66f6b50493f6cecda6 (MD5) / Rejected by Isabele Garcia (isabele.garcia@fgv.br), reason: Prezado Brendan, Sua submissão foi rejeitada porque é necessário incluir a ficha catalográfica que foi enviada pela biblioteca, no documento PDF. A ficha deve ser anexada no verso da folha de rosto, alterando apenas o número de folhas do trabalho. As demais informações devem ser mantidas, assim como a informação sobre o profissional responsável por sua elaboração. Por gentileza, realize essa alteração e envie sua submissão novamente no Repositório Digital. Qualquer dúvida, não hesite em nos contatar. (11) 3799-7732. Atenciosamente, Isabele Garcia on 2018-07-11T20:16:39Z (GMT) / Submitted by Brendan Anson Pritchard (bpanson@gmail.com) on 2018-07-11T20:55:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertation-BrendanAnsonV9-1.pdf: 1286517 bytes, checksum: bfafb586060f6c84a656ffa94abe7cae (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Simone de Andrade Lopes Pires (simone.lopes@fgv.br) on 2018-07-11T21:06:20Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertation-BrendanAnsonV9-1.pdf: 1286517 bytes, checksum: bfafb586060f6c84a656ffa94abe7cae (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Isabele Garcia (isabele.garcia@fgv.br) on 2018-07-11T21:20:32Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertation-BrendanAnsonV9-1.pdf: 1286517 bytes, checksum: bfafb586060f6c84a656ffa94abe7cae (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-11T21:20:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertation-BrendanAnsonV9-1.pdf: 1286517 bytes, checksum: bfafb586060f6c84a656ffa94abe7cae (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-05-29 / The study examines the risk and reward potential of arbitrage in the digital asset market. Specifically, it looks at exchange to exchange and statistical arbitrage, or pairs trading, for the cryptocurrencies, Bitcoin (BTC) and Litecoin (LTC). In this instance they are traded on the LTC/BTC pair. The LTC/BTC is examined with pairs trading by performing statistical tests and implementing automated trading strategy to determine potential profit levels. Subsequently, additional trading strategies are examined based on the concepts of the statistical results in this study and other technical analysis indicators. The study outlines the profit potential of exchange to exchange arbitrage but also shows how this type of arbitrage is in fact quite risky and not as simple as the large spreads would suggest. Pairs trading strategies are instead put forward as a method of profiting on the price movement disparities in the digital asset market without running the same risks as exchange to exchange arbitrage. The strategies proposed are based on statistical tests as well as technical analysis indicators that both aim at predicting price trend and direction and try to profit off abnormal price movements and subsequent normalization. It turns out that a range of profit levels can be achieved. All though the strategies proposed are too rudimentary to consider for live trading, they do prove the basic proof of concept that there are ways to profit from pairs trading in the digital asset market. Trading strategies can be formed that provide considerable returns while reducing risk that would otherwise be encountered with long term investment positions and/or exchange to exchange arbitrage in the digital asset market. / O seguinte estudo examina o potencial de risco e recompensa de arbitragem no mercado de ativos digitais. Especificamente, analisa a arbitragem entre bolsas de cryptomoeda e arbitragem estatística, ou pairs trading, para as cryptomoedas, Bitcoin (BTC) e Litecoin (LTC). Neste caso, elas são negociadas no par LTC/BTC. O LTC/BTC é examinado em pares e negociadas por meio da realização de testes estatísticos e implementando a estratégia de negociação automatizada para determinar os níveis potenciais de lucro. Subsequentemente, estratégias adicionais de negociação são examinadas com base nos conceitos dos resultados estatísticos deste estudo e outros indicadores de análise técnica. O estudo delineia o potencial de lucro de arbitragem entre bolsas, mas também mostra como esse tipo de arbitragem é, na verdade, bastante arriscado e não tão simples quanto as grandes margens sugeririam. Estratégias de negociação em pares são apresentadas como um método de lucrar com as disparidades de movimento de preços no mercado de ativos digitais, sem correr os mesmos riscos que a troca por arbitragem de câmbio. As estratégias propostas baseiam-se em testes estatísticos, assim como em indicadores de análise técnica que visam prever a direção e a tendência do preço e tentar lucrar com movimentos ou tempos anormais de preços e normalização subsequente. Ficou comprovado que diferentes de níveis de lucro podem ser alcançados. Embora as estratégias propostas sejam rudimentares demais para serem consideradas para negociação com dinheiro vivo, elas provam o conceito básico de que existem maneiras de lucrar com a negociação de pares no mercado de ativos digitais. Estratégias de negociação podem ser formadas, proporcionando retornos consideráveis e, ao mesmo tempo, reduzindo o risco de que outra forma seja encontrada em posições de investimento de longo prazo e / ou em troca de arbitragem de câmbio no mercado de ativos digitais.