This thesis comes in three main parts. In the first of these (comprising chapters 2 - 6), the basic theory of Riemannian and conformal submersions is described and the relevant geometric machinery explained. The necessary Clifford algebra is established and applied to understand the relationship between the spinor bundles of the base, the fibres and the total space of a submersion. O'Neill-type formulae relating the covariant derivatives of spinor fields on the base and fibres to the corresponding spinor field on the total space are derived. From these, formulae for the Dirac operators are obtained and applied to prove results on Dirac morphisms in cases so far unpublished. The second part (comprising chapters 7-9) contains the basic theory and known classifications of G2-structures and Spin+ 7 -structures in seven and eight dimensions. Formulae relating the covariant derivatives of the canonical forms and spinor fields are derived in each case. These are used to confirm the expected result that the form and spinorial classifications coincide. The mean curvature vector of associative and Cayley submanifolds of these spaces is calculated in terms of naturally-occurring tensor fields given by the structures. The final part of the thesis (comprising chapter 10) is an attempt to unify the first two parts. A certain `7-complex' quotient is described, which is analogous to the well-known hyper-Kahler quotient construction. This leads to insight into other possible interesting quotients which are correspondingly analogous to quaternionic-Kahler quotients, and these are speculated upon with a view to further research.

We give a formula for the η-invariant of odd order operators on even-dimensional manifolds, and for even order operators on odd-dimensional manifolds. Geometric second order operators are found with nontrivial η-invariants. This solves a problem posed by P. Gilkey.

We study a natural Dirac operator on a Lagrangian submanifold of a Kähler manifold. We first show that its square coincides with the Hodge - de Rham Laplacian provided the complex structure identifies the Spin structures of the tangent and normal bundles of the submanifold. We then give extrinsic estimates for the eigenvalues of that operator and discuss some examples.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(理学) / 甲第20882号 / 理博第4334号 / 新制||理||1623(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院理学研究科数学・数理解析専攻 / (主査)教授 加藤 毅, 教授 上 正明, 准教授 入谷 寛 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

Random walks describe diffusion processes, where movement at every time step is restricted only to neighbouring locations. Classical random walks are constructed using the non-relativistic Laplacian evolution operator and a coin toss instruction. In quantum theory, an alternative is to use the relativistic Dirac operator. That necessarily introduces an internal degree of freedom (chirality), which may be identified with the coin. The resultant walk spreads quadratically faster than the classical one, and can be applied to a variety of graph theoretical problems. We study in detail the problem of spatial search, i.e. finding a marked site on a hypercubic lattice in d-dimensions. For d=1, the scaling behaviour of classical and quantum spatial search is the same due to the restriction on movement. On the other hand, the restriction on movement hardly matters for d ≥ 3, and scaling behaviour close to Grover’s optimal algorithm(which has no restriction on movement) can be achieved. d=2 is the borderline critical dimension, where infrared divergence in propagation leads to logarithmic slow down that can be minimised using clever chirality flips. In support of these analytic expectations, we present numerical simulation results for d=2 to d=9, using a lattice implementation of the Dirac operator inspired by staggered fermions. We optimise the parameters of the algorithm, and the simulation results demonstrate that the number of binary oracle calls required for d= 2 and d ≥ 3 spatial search problems are O(√NlogN) and O(√N) respectively. Moreover, with increasing d, the results approach the optimal behaviour of Grover’s algorithm(corresponding to mean field theory or d → ∞ limit). In particular, the d = 3 scaling behaviour is only about 25% higher than the optimal value.

In this dissertation we study non-negative self-adjoint Laplace type operators acting on smooth sections of a vector bundle. First, we assume base manifolds are compact, boundaryless, and Riemannian. We start from the Fourier integral operator representation of half-wave operators, continue with spectral zeta functions, heat and resolvent trace asymptotic expansions, and end with the quantitative Wodzicki residue method. In particular, all of the asymptotic coefficients of the microlocalized spectral counting function can be explicitly given and clearly interpreted. With the auxiliary pseudo-differential operators ranging all smooth endomorphisms of the given bundle, we obtain certain asymptotic estimates about the integral kernel of heat operators. As applications, we study spectral asymptotics of Dirac type operators such as characterizing those for which the second coefficient vanishes. Next, we assume vector bundles are trivial and base manifolds are Euclidean domains, and study non-negative self-adjoint extensions of the Laplace operator which acts component-wise on compactly supported smooth functions. Using finite propagation speed estimates for wave equations and explicit Fourier Tauberian theorems obtained by Yuri Safarov, we establish the principle of not feeling the boundary estimates for the heat kernel of these operators. In particular, the implied constants are independent of self-adjoint extensions. As a by-product, we affirmatively answer a question about upper estimate for the Neumann heat kernel. Finally, we study some specific values of the spectral zeta function of two-dimensional Dirichlet Laplacians such as spectral determinant and Casimir energy. For numerical purposes we substantially improve the short-time Dirichlet heat trace asymptotics for polygons. This could be used to measure the spectral determinant and Casimir energy of polygons whenever the first several hundred or one thousand Dirichlet eigenvalues are known with high precision by other means.

Dans cette thèse on s'interesse à l'étude de phénomènes d'accumultation spectrale de certains opérateurs issus de la physique quantique à savoir les opérateurs de Schrödinger, de Pauli, et de Dirac. Typiquement, ces opérateurs apparaissent dans la modélisation de certains problèmes de physique sous forme d'équations d'évolution. Selon les contraintes du problème physique, ils peuvent être associés ou non à un champ magnétique pouvant être constant ou non constant. Le cadre où le champ magnétique est dit admissible est celui que nous allons considérer (en dimension 3). Ce dernier cadre inclut en particulier le cas de champs magnétiques constants. Deux grands thèmes sont essentiellement abordés dans cette thèse : l'étude des résonances près de seuils des Hamiltoniens quantiques cités ci-dessus lorsqu'ils sont perturbés par des potentiels électriques auto-adjoints, et l'étude de leur spectre discret lorsqu'ils sont perturbés par des potentiels électriques non auto-adjoints. Le second thème sera exploré au moyent d'inégalités Lieb-Thirring généralisés. / In this thesis we are interested to the study of spectral accumulation phenomena of some opeators coming from quantum physics, namely Schrödinger, Paul and Dirac operators. Typically, these operators appear in the modeling of some physical problems in the form of evolution equations. According to the constraints of the physical problem, they can be associated or not to a constant or non constant magnetic field. The contextt where the magnetic field is admissible is that we shall consider (in dimention 3). This framework includes in particular the case of constant magnetic fields. Essentieally, two main themes are discussed in this thesis : the study of resonances near thescholds of the quantum Hamiltonians mentioned above perturbed by self-adjoint potentials, and the study of their discrete spectrum when thy are perturbed by non self-adjoint potentials. The second theme will be investigated with the help of generalized Lieb-Thirring inequalities.

Cette thèse est consacrée à l'étude de deux sujets de géométrie symplectique inspirés<p>de la physique mathématique. Les thèmes que nous développerons mettent en évidence certaines <p>connexions avec la topologie symplectique d'une part, la géométrie Riemannienne d'autre part.<p><p>Dans la partie 1, nous étudions la quantification par déformation formelle d'une variété <p>symplectique, à l'aide de produits star. Nous définissons le groupe des automorphimes<p>hamiltoniens d'un produit star formel. En nous inspirant d'idées de Banyaga, nous <p>identifions ce groupe comme étant le noyau d'un morphisme remarquable sur le groupe<p>des automorphismes du produit star. Nous relions certaines propriétés géométriques de <p>ce groupe d'automorphismes hamiltoniens à la topologie du groupe des difféomorphismes<p>hamiltoniens.<p><p>Dans la partie 2, nous étudions les opérateurs de Dirac symplectiques. Les ingrédients<p>nécessaires à leur construction (algèbre de Weyl, structures $Mp^c$, champs de spineurs <p>symplectiques, connexions symplectiques,) sont également utilisés en quantification géométrique et en<p>quantification par déformation formelle. Les opérateurs de Dirac symplectiques sont construits<p>de manière analogue à l'opérateur de Dirac de la géométrie Riemannienne. Une formule de Weitzenbock<p>lie les opérateurs de Dirac symplectiques à un opérateur elliptique $mathcal{P}$ d'ordre 2. Nous étudions<p>les noyaux de ces opérateurs de Dirac symplectiques et leur lien avec le noyau de P.<p>Sur l'espace hermitien symétrique $CP^n$, nous calculerons le spectre de $mathcal{P}$ et nous <p>prouverons un théorème de Hodge pour les opérateurs de Dirac-Dolbeault symplectiques.<p><p>/<p><p>In this thesis we study two topics of symplectic geometry inspired from mathematical physics.<p><p>Part 1 is devoted to the study of deformation quantization of symplectic manifolds. More precisely, we consider formal star products on a symplectic manifold. We define the group of Hamiltonian automorphisms of a formal star product. Following ideas of Banyaga, we describe this group as the kernel<p>of a morphism on the group of automorphisms of the star product. We relate geometric properties of the group of Hamiltonian automorphisms to the topology of the group of Hamiltonian diffeomorphisms. <p><p>Part 2 is devoted to the study of symplectic Dirac operators. The construction of those operators relies on many concepts used in geometric quantization and formal deformation quantization such as Weyl algebra, $Mp^c$ structures, symplectic spinors, symplectic connections, The construction of symplectic Dirac operators is analogous to the one of Dirac operators in Riemannian geometry. A Weitzenbock formula relates the symplectic Dirac operators to an elliptic operator $mathcal{P}$ of order 2. We study the kernels of the symplectic Dirac operators and relate them to the kernel of $mathcal{P}$. On the hermitian symmetric space <p>$CP^n$, we compute the spectrum of $mathcal{P}$ and we prove a Hodge theorem for the symplectic Dirac-Dolbeault operator. / Doctorat en Sciences / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / I study d-bar and Dirac operators on classical and quantum domains subject to the APS boundary conditions, APS like boundary conditions, and other types of global boundary conditions. Moreover, the inverse or inverse modulo compact operators to these operators are computed. These inverses/parametrices are also shown to be bounded and are also shown to be compact, if possible. Also the index of some of the d-bar operators are computed when it doesn't have trivial index. Finally a certain type of limit statement can be said between the classical and quantum d-bar operators on specialized complex domains.

Konforme Potenzen des Dirac Operators einer semi Riemannschen Spin-Mannigfaltigkeit werden untersucht. Wir präsentieren einen neuen Beweis, basierend auf dem Traktor Kalkül, für die Existenz von konformen ungeraden Potenzen des Dirac Operators auf semi Riemannschen Spin-Mannigfaltigkeiten. Desweiteren konstruieren wir eine neue Familie von konform kovarianten linearen Differentialoperatoren auf dem standard spin Traktor Bündel. Weiterhin verallgemeinern wir den Existenzbeweis für konforme ungerade Potenzen des Dirac Operators auf semi Riemannsche Spin-Mannigfaltigkeiten. Da die Existenzbeweise konstruktive sind, erhalten wir explizite Formeln für die konforme dritte und fünfte Potenz des Dirac Operators. Basierend auf den expliziten Formeln zeigen wir, dass die konforme dritte und fünfte Potenz des Dirac Operators formal selbstadjungiert (anti selbstadjungiert) bezüglich des L2-Skalarproduktes auf dem Spinorbündel ist. Abschliessend präsentieren wir neue Strukturen der konformen ersten, dritten und fünften Potenz des Dirac Operators: Es existieren lineare Differentialoperatoren auf dem Spinorbündel der Ordnung kleiner gleich eins, so dass die konforme erste, dritte und fünfte Potenz des Dirac Operators ein Polynom in jenen Operatoren ist. / Conformal powers of the Dirac operator on semi Riemannian spin manifolds are investigated. We give a new proof of the existence of conformal odd powers of the Dirac operator on semi Riemannian spin manifolds using the tractor machinery. We will also present a new family of conformally covariant linear differential operators on the standard spin tractor bundle. Furthermore, we generalize the known existence proof of conformal power of the Dirac operator on Riemannian spin manifolds to semi Riemannian spin manifolds. Both proofs concering the existence of conformal odd powers of the Dirac operator are constructive, hence we also derive an explicit formula for a conformal third- and fifth power of the Dirac operator. Due to explicit formulas, we show that the conformal third- and fifth power of the Dirac operator is formally self-adjoint (anti self-adjoint), with respect to the L2-scalar product on the spinor bundle. Finally, we present a new structure of the conformal first-, third- and fifth power of the Dirac operator: There exist linear differential operators on the spinor bundle of order less or equal one, such that the conformal first-, third- and fifth power of the Dirac operator is a polynomial in these operators.