Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / The current study investigated the organizational and individual factors that promote retention for Direct Support Professionals (DSPs) who work with individuals with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (ID/DD) in residential or community-based settings across a Midwestern state. Twenty-seven DSPs completed qualitative and quantitative measures by responding to open-ended interview questions and supplying background information and ratings indicating their desires to stay or leave their current organizations and reasons for doing so. Content analysis was used to interpret the qualitative data and descriptive statistics, t-tests and Chi-square analyses were used to examine the quantitative data. Factors were conceptualized under three categories: (1) Intrinsic Factors, (2) Extrinsic Factors, and 3) Individual Factors. This organizational framework for DSPs is similar to retention models for other direct care workers (e.g., Ellenbecker, 2004; Li, 2007; Warburton et al., 2014). Some factors DSPs endorsed were similar to direct care workers generally, e.g., personality traits such as being loving or empathetic towards clients, having strong communication with coworkers and supervisors, and valuing the flexibility and benefits they receive on the job, whereas other factors appeared to be relatively unique to staff working with adults with ID/DD, e.g., seeing progress and change in their clients and feeling love and appreciation from clients. When the reasons DSPs stay (e.g., relationships with clients, flexibility in their schedules) and leave their jobs (e.g., financial constraints, viewing the job as temporary) were compared, they appeared to differ, but more research is warranted. Further research is also needed to examine whether the factors promoting retention for DSPs may differ based on age and on the settings in which DSPs work. Suggestions for ways to improve recruitment, retention, and training efforts for DSPs are highlighted, and the implications of the current findings are discussed.

Tyrimo objektas – tiesioginė parama. Tyrimo dalykas – tiesioginės paramos schemos. Darbo tikslas - ištirti tiesioginės paramos schemų pokyčius ir įvertinti paramos atsiejimo nuo gamybos poveikį žemės ūkiui. Uždaviniai: 1. Identifikuoti tiesioginių išmokų kaip tiesioginės paramos reikšmę ir nustatyti jų vietą agrarinės politikos priemonių sistemoje; 2. Išnagrinėti tiesioginės paramos schemų pokyčius ir atlikti jų palyginamąją analizę; 3. Išanalizuoti ir įvertinti tiesioginės paramos atsiejimo nuo gamybos poveikį Lietuvos žemės ūkiui. Tyrimo metodai: literatūros sisteminės analizės ir sintezės; grafinio vaizdavimo metodai; statistinių duomenų palyginimo; indukcijos ir dedukcijos; modeliavimo ir konstrukcinių skaičiavimų metodai; prognozuojamiems dydžiams nustatyti panaudota modeliavimo programa GAMS; loginio mąstymo ir atsiribojimo metodai. Ištyrus tiesioginės paramos schemas ir jų poveikį žemės ūkiui pagal Lietuvos ir užsienio šalių mokslinius veikalus, periodinę literatūrą, konferencijų medžiagą ir interneto puslapių duomenis, identifikuota tiesioginės paramos kaip agrarinės politikos priemonės esmė ir formos, išnagrinėti schemų pokyčiai, įvertintas atsiejimo nuo gamybos poveikis žemės ūkio plėtotei. / Research object - direct support. Research subject – direct support schemes. Research aim – explore direct support schemes changes and measure decoupling impact for agriculture. Objectives: 1. Identify direct payments import in concept of direct support and establish them position in agricultural policy system; 2. Scrutinize direct support schemes changes and make comparable analysis of them; 3. Traverse and measure direct support decoupling form productivity impact for Lithuania agriculture. Research methods – special literature analysis and synthesis; graphical modeling; statistic data comparison; induction and deduction methods; modeling and contraction; GAMS program for future date research; logical and abstraction methods. By exploring direct support schemes and them impact for agriculture by the Lithuanian and the other countries scientific, periodical literature, conferences stuff, web pages data was identified direct support like measure of agricultural policy point and form; scrutinize the changes of schemes, measured direct support decoupling form productivity impact for agriculture.

Darbo objektas- tiesioginių išmokų įtaka žemės ūkio gamintojų pajamoms. Darbo dalykas- tiesioginių išmokų poveikis stambių ir smulkių bei ūkininkaujančių MPŪV ir PŪV žemės ūkio gamintojų pajamoms. Darbo tikslas- sisteminiu požiūriu ištirti ir įvertinti tiesioginių išmokų įtaką žemės ūkio gamintojų pajamoms. Darbo uždaviniai: 1. išanalizuoti žemės ūkio pajamų sampratą, jas įtakojančius veiksnius; 2. išanalizuoti žemės ūkio vyriausybinio reguliavimo pagrįstumą bei tiesioginės paramos būtinumą; 3. nustatyti tiesioginės paramos įtaką stambių ir smulkių žemės ūkio gamintojų pajamoms; 4. nustatyti tiesioginės paramos įtaką žemės ūkio gamintojų, ūkininkaujančių MPŪV ir PŪV, įtaką pajamoms; 5. išanalizuoti tiesioginių išmokų atsiejimo nuo gamybos ekonominį efektyvumą. 6. apibendrinti šiame darbe išanalizuotą medžiagą, atlikti tyrimą bei pateikti išvadas ir siūlymus. Darbo metodai: analizės, lyginamasis, analitinis, statistinių duomenų rinkimo ir analizės, grupavimo, grafinio modeliavimo, anketinės apklausos, loginis ir apibendrinimo metodai. Išanalizavus mokslinę medžiagą, respondentinių ūkių duomenis bei statistinius duomenis, nustatyta tiesioginės paramos įtaka stambių ir smulkių bei ūkininkaujančių MPŪV ir PŪV žemės ūkio gamintojų pajamoms. / The object of the paper is the impact of direct payments on the income of agricultural producers. The subject matter of the paper is the impact of direct payments on the income of big and small agricultural producers farming in less favourable to agriculture areas and favourable to agriculture areas. The aim of the paper is to investigate and assess the impact of direct payments on the income of agricultural producers from the systemic point of view. Objectives: 1. analyse the concept of income from agriculture and factors influencing the such income; 2. analyse the legitimacy of governmental regulation and the necessity of direct support; 3. establish the impact of direct support on the income of big and small agricultural producers; 4. establish the impact of direct support on the income of agricultural producers farming in the areas less favourable to agriculture and favourable to agriculture; 5. analyse the efficiency of dissociation of direct payments from production; 6. generalize data analysed in the present paper, to perform a research and to give conclusions as well as suggestions. The methods of the study: analyse, analytical, collection and analysis of statistical data, grouping, graphic modelling, questionnaire survey, logical and generalisation methods. Having analysed the scientific data, the data of respondents’ farms and statistical data, the impact of direct support on the income of big and small agricultural producers farming in less favourable to... [to full text]

There is little research on the coping strategies of direct support professional caregivers working with the intellectually disabled (ID) and developmentally disabled (DD). The study was guided by Lazarus and Folkman's (1984) theory of the transactional model of stress and coping. The purpose of this study was to assess whether there is a correlation among the independent variables of coping and personality characteristics with stress as the dependent variable. A convenience sample of 69 professional caregivers was used. Data were collected using the Ways of Coping Questionnaire, Perceived Stress Scale, NEO-FFI-3, and a demographic questionnaire. A correlational analysis was conducted to assess the variables. Findings revealed a moderate correlation between confrontive coping and stress while the coping styles of distancing, self-controlling, and seeking social support were weakly correlated with stress. Additional results were a strong correlation between neuroticism and stress and a moderate correlation between conscientiousness and stress. Furthermore, a multiple regression analysis was conducted to determine if neuroticism, conscientiousness, and extroversion could predict stress. The analysis indicated that the variance in stress was predicted by neuroticism. Recommendations for future research include using a larger sample size, controlling for selection bias, and examining which coping styles are more useful in coping with stressful situations. A longitudinal design to examine cause and effect is also recommended. This study provides insight into the way professional caregivers cope with stress and the results can be used to develop a screening tool.

No description available.

No description available.

Direct support professionals (DSPs) serve an important function in the daily supervision and care of clients with intellectual and developmental disabilities (ID/DD) through standardization of technical, cognitive, and ethical competencies for all DSPs. It is not clear, however, how these DSPs and managers perceive the implementation process and utility of these competencies or whether implementation results in meeting the desired outcomes for clients. Using Donabedian's quality of care model as the foundation, the purpose of this qualitative case study in New York State to understand how DSPs perceived the implementation of the DSP core competencies under the direction of front-line managers. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews with 12 DSPs and front-line managers. Data were inductively coded then subject to Braun and Clarke's thematic analysis procedure. Findings revealed that DSPs and front-line managers implemented the core competencies inconsistently because of organizational perceptions and experiences. The implications for social change stemming from this study includes recommendations to the National Alliance of Direct Support Professionals to add a practicum component to the core competencies training which may benefit people living in community residential group homes diagnosed with ID/DD through hands-on approach training that would allow full implementation of the DSP core competencies in various, every day real life situations.

Som en reaktion på kriget i Ukraina sökte Rädda Barnens lokalförening i Halmstad kunskap om hur de kunde fylla behoven som flyktingarna hade, vilket resulterade i att projektet Barnvänlig Plats startades och var den första direktstödsverksamheten i Halland som lades utanför flyktingförläggningarna. De arbetar efter barnkonventionen och strävade efter att skapa en plats dit utsatta barn kunde söka sig till för att få trygghet och möjlighet till utveckling. Det finns bristande kunskap kring hur direkstödsversamheter kan etableras och komplettera den offentliga sektorn. Syftet med denna kandidatuppsats är att öka förståelsen för de handlingar som varit viktiga i förverkligandet av projekt Barnvänlig Plats och öka förståelsen för hur en direkstödsverksamhet kan etableras så att barns rättigheter kan stärkas nu och i framtiden. Frågeställningen som behandlas är hur det kommer sig att projekt Barnvänlig plats har blivit ett relativt lyckat projekt. För att besvara syfte och frågeställning hämtar studien inspiration från Grounded Theory och har i kombination med kvalitativa intervjuer samlat in intervjupersonernas erfarenheter av projektet som utmynnat i teorier. Kodningsprocessen resulterade i fyra handlingar: initiativ, samverkan, lokalisering, och uppmärksammat projekt som skapade verksamheten från grunden. Den teoretiska referensramen i studien utgörs av social handling och sociala band som används för att skapa en förståelse för hur resultatet besvarar syftet med studien. Slutsatsen blir att alla som bidragit till platsen har arbetat efter barnkonventionen och sett ett värde i att handla för att förverkliga platsen. / As a reaction to the war in Ukraine, Save the Children local association in Halmstad sought knowledge about how they could meet the needs of the refugees, which resulted in the project Child Friendly Place being started and was the first direct support activity in Halland that was placed outside the refugee shelters. They work according to the Convention on the Rights of the Child and strove to create a place where vulnerable children could turn to for security and the opportunity to develop. There is a lack of knowledge about how direct support activities can be established and complement the public sector. The purpose of this master's thesis is to increase understanding of the actions that were important in the realization of the project Child-Friendly Place and to increase understanding of how a direct support activity can be established so that children's rights can be strengthened now and in the future. The question being addressed is how it is that the project Child-friendly place has become a relatively successful project. In order to answer the purpose and question, the study draws inspiration from Grounded Theory and, in combination with qualitative interviews, has collected the interviewees' experiences of the project, which resulted in theories. The coding process resulted in four actions: initiative, collaboration, localization, and noted project that created the business from the ground up. The theoretical frame of reference in the study consists of social action and social ties that are used to create an understanding of how the result answers the purpose of the study. The conclusion is that everyone who contributed to the place has worked according to the Convention on the Rights of the Child and saw value in acting to make the place a reality.

This thesis analyses the causes of states interventions in the market environment and the risk associated with them, in particular with the state support of research and development. There are several types of support, each of them has benefits on the one hand and inducted costs on the other one. The thesis assesses the benefits and inducted cost of the various types of state support of research and development from the perspective of the company Vyzkumny ustav organickych syntez. In the case of this business entity there is the economic analysis performed and the decision rule for the most appropriate aid derived. At the same time thesis tries to find how to increase efficiency of the government support.

The main aim of this work is to carry out analysis of programmes of direct support for small and middle-sized companies offered by the state, European Union and commercial sphere, also description of process of acquision of support in chosen company and evaluation of the benefits in factual company. To support small and middle-sized companies is sensible and pragmatic because this segment is an importand part of the development of national economy, increases employment, cocreates healthy business environment and therefore develops each village, town and region. The support is related to efficient and stable companies only. The operational programmes help small and middle-sized companies to dynamize their growth and development, they are not dedicated to saving companies with problems.