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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
21

Magnetização remanente em sistemas antiferromagnéticos\" / Remanent magnetization in the antiferromagnetic systems

Carvalho, Zulmara Virgínia de 17 March 2006 (has links)
No contexto de sistemas de baixa anisotropia, medidas de magnetização para verificar os efeitos magnéticos induzidos pela substituição do íon Mn+2 por Cu+2 em um quase unidimensional antiferromagneto tipo Heisenberg CsMn1-xCuxA3.2H2O (A = Cl, Br) foram feitas. Nas amostras diluídas com derivados de Br observamos o aparecimento de uma magnetização remanente abaixo de TN quando elas são resfriadas em um pequeno campo axial aplicado ao longo do eixo fácil. Isso não ocorre com as amostras diluídas com derivados de Cl. A troca intra-cadeia tanto com os compostos de Cl e Br é antiferromagnética, entretanto a troca entre-cadeias ao longo de eixo fácil é antiferromagnética no composto com Cl e ferromagnética com o Br. Esse fato parece ser determinístico no surgimento de momentos espontâneos abaixo de TN no composto com bromo. Além disso, medidas de magnetização do monocristal antiferromagnético de sítio diluído A2Fe1-xInxCl5.H2O (A = Cs) foram feitas em baixos campos magnéticos (H) aplicados ao longo do eixo de fácil magnetização. Os dados revelaram que uma magnetização remanente Mr se desenvolve abaixo a temperatura de Néel TN. Essa Mr(T) é paralela ao eixo fácil e satura para campos H ~ 1Oe e ela aumenta com decréscimo de T. Ela também possui uma dependência de temperatura como outros sistemas diluídos da mesma família (A = K, Rb). Para todos esses sistemas, a curva normalizada Mr(t)/ Mr(t = 0,3), onde t=T/TN é a temperatura reduzida, é independente de x e acompanha uma curva universal. No contexto de sistemas de alta anisotropia, a dependência da temperatura do excesso de magnetização em baixos e altos campos foi investigada para o antiferromagneto 3D de Ising FexZn1-xF2 (x = 0.72; 0.46 e 0.31) e também o sistema puro FeF2. Verificamos que Mr surge tanto paralela ou perpendicular ao eixo fácil. A magnitude de Mr, para baixos campos (H < 1 Oe) depende de H, mas satura para campos de alguns Oersted. O esperado comportamento de campo aleatório (RF), em campos altos, é observado quando H é aplicado ao longo do eixo fácil. / In the context of low anisotropy, the magnetization measurements to find out the magnetic effects induced by the substitution of Mn+2 by Cu+2 íons in the quaseone-dimensional Heisenberg-like antiferromagnets CsMn1-xCuxA3.2H2O (A = Cl,Br) were made. In the diluted samples of the Br derivative, we observe the appearance of a remanent magnetization (Mr) below TN when they are cooled in a small axial magnetic field applied along the easy axis. This does not occur in the diluted samples of the Cl derivative. The intra-chain exchange both in Cl and Br compounds is antiferromagnetic, however the inter-chain exhange along the easy axis is antiferromagnetic in the chloride compound and ferromagnetic in the bromide. This fact seems to be deterministic in the appearance of the net moments below TN in the bromide. Moreover, the magnetization measurements on single crystals of the sitediluted antiferromagnet A2Fe1-xInxCl5.H2O (A = Cs) were carried out at low magnetic fields (H) applied along the easy axis. The data revealed that a Mr develops below the Néel temperature TN. This Mr(T) is parallel to the easy axis , saturates for H ~ 1 Oe and it increases with decreasing T. It has also temperature dependence as another diluted systems of the same family (A = K, Rb). For all these systems the normalized Mr(t)/Mr(t = 0,3), where t = T/TN is the reduced temperature, is independet of x and follow a universal curve. In the context of high anisotropy, the temperature dependence of the excess magnetization at low and high fields was investigated for the diluted antiferromagnet FexZn1-xF2 (x = 0.72; 0.46 and 0.31) and pure system FeF2 as well. It was found that Mr is either along the easy axis or perpendicular to it. The size of Mr for very low fields (H < 1 Oe) depends on H but it sature for fields of the order of few Oersteds. The expected random field (RF) behaivor is observed when H is applied along the easy axis at higher fields.
22

Flutuações em modelos de Curie-Weiss: sistemas clássicos desordenados e quânticos / Fluctuations Models Curie-Weiss Classical Systems Quantum Disordered

Joao Manuel Goncalves Amaro de Matos 23 November 1984 (has links)
São estudadas flutuações de variáveis spin de bloco em alguns modelos de Curie-Weiss. É descrito rigorosamente o comportamento assintótico de suas distribuições de probabilidade no limite termodinâmico, mantendo constante a razão entre o tamanho do sistema e o tamanho do bloco. São considerados o modelo de Ising com campo aleatório e o antiferromagneto diluído. Os seguintes fatos sobre flutuações nestes modelos são provados: a) Elas não são auto-mediantes; b) Fora da criticalidade têm distribuição Gaussiana com contribuições vindas de flutuações térmicas e de flutuações devidas aos parâmetros aleatórios; c) Na criticalidade a sua distribuição e não mais Gaussiana e as flutuações das impurezas dominam as flutuações térmicas. Como sub-produto desta análise mostra-se que as flutuações destes dois modelos não são equivalentes sob o mapeamento que estabelece a sua equivalência termodinâmica. Também é descrita a aplicação do método ao vidro de spin de van Hemmen, sem provas, levando a resultados similares. Finalmente mostra-se que o método é problemático quando aplicado a sistemas quânticos. Embora a sua termodinâmica possa ser bem descrita, aparecem alguns problemas matemáticos, ainda por resolver, no estudo das suas flutuações. / Fluctuations of block spin variables in some Curie-Weiss models are studied. The asymptotic behavior of their probability distributions in the thermodynamic limit is rigorously described, keeping constant the ratio between the size of the system and the size of the block. The Ising model with random field and the dilute antiferromagnet with uniform field are considered. The following facts about fluctuations in these models are proved: a) They are not self-averaging; b) Out of criticality they have a Gaussian distribution with contributions coming both from thermal fluctuations and from those fluctuations due to the random parameters; c) At criticality their distribution is no longer Gaussian and the fluctuation of impurities dominate thermal fluctuations. As a by-product of this analysis, the fluctuations of these two models are shown to be non-equivalent under the mapping which establishes their thermodynamical equivalence. It is also described the application of the method to the van Hemmen spin-glass model, without proofs, leading to similar results. Finally the method is shown to be problematic when applied to quantum systems. Although their thermodynamics can be well described, some mathematical problems, yet to be solved, appear in the study of their fluctuations.
23

Flutuações em modelos de Curie-Weiss: sistemas clássicos desordenados e quânticos / Fluctuations Models Curie-Weiss Classical Systems Quantum Disordered

Matos, Joao Manuel Goncalves Amaro de 23 November 1984 (has links)
São estudadas flutuações de variáveis spin de bloco em alguns modelos de Curie-Weiss. É descrito rigorosamente o comportamento assintótico de suas distribuições de probabilidade no limite termodinâmico, mantendo constante a razão entre o tamanho do sistema e o tamanho do bloco. São considerados o modelo de Ising com campo aleatório e o antiferromagneto diluído. Os seguintes fatos sobre flutuações nestes modelos são provados: a) Elas não são auto-mediantes; b) Fora da criticalidade têm distribuição Gaussiana com contribuições vindas de flutuações térmicas e de flutuações devidas aos parâmetros aleatórios; c) Na criticalidade a sua distribuição e não mais Gaussiana e as flutuações das impurezas dominam as flutuações térmicas. Como sub-produto desta análise mostra-se que as flutuações destes dois modelos não são equivalentes sob o mapeamento que estabelece a sua equivalência termodinâmica. Também é descrita a aplicação do método ao vidro de spin de van Hemmen, sem provas, levando a resultados similares. Finalmente mostra-se que o método é problemático quando aplicado a sistemas quânticos. Embora a sua termodinâmica possa ser bem descrita, aparecem alguns problemas matemáticos, ainda por resolver, no estudo das suas flutuações. / Fluctuations of block spin variables in some Curie-Weiss models are studied. The asymptotic behavior of their probability distributions in the thermodynamic limit is rigorously described, keeping constant the ratio between the size of the system and the size of the block. The Ising model with random field and the dilute antiferromagnet with uniform field are considered. The following facts about fluctuations in these models are proved: a) They are not self-averaging; b) Out of criticality they have a Gaussian distribution with contributions coming both from thermal fluctuations and from those fluctuations due to the random parameters; c) At criticality their distribution is no longer Gaussian and the fluctuation of impurities dominate thermal fluctuations. As a by-product of this analysis, the fluctuations of these two models are shown to be non-equivalent under the mapping which establishes their thermodynamical equivalence. It is also described the application of the method to the van Hemmen spin-glass model, without proofs, leading to similar results. Finally the method is shown to be problematic when applied to quantum systems. Although their thermodynamics can be well described, some mathematical problems, yet to be solved, appear in the study of their fluctuations.
24

Les avalanches dans les systèmes vitreux / Avalanches in glassy systems

Spigler, Stefano 25 September 2017 (has links)
Beaucoup de systèmes qui ont un certain degré de désordre ont des similaritésdans leur structure: le paysage énergétique est aléatoire et il a plusieursminima locaux de l’énergie. Quand on ajoute une petite perturbation externeau système à basse temprature, il est raisonnable d’attendre que la dynamiqueconduira le système d’un minimum à l’autre, et ça donne lieu à une réponsealéatoire et saccadé. Les sautes discontinus que l’on observe sont appelésavalanches, et l’intérêt de ce travail est le calcul de leur distribution. Undes résultats est en effet le développement d’un cadre pour calculer cettedistribution dans des systèmes en dimension infinie qui peuvent être décritsavec le replica symmetry breaking. Nous appliquons les résultats à l’un desmodèles les plus simples des verres structuraux, c’est à dire les empilementsdenses de sphères molles avec répulsion harmonique, avec une déformation(shear strain) du volume comme perturbation. Nous soutenons que, quandla déformation est suffisamment petite, une portion de la distribution desavalanches devient une loi de puissance, dont l’exposant peut être directementlié au paramètre d’ordre de la brisure de symétrie de replica. Cet exposant estégalement lié à la distribution des forces de contact (au moins entre certainessphères), dont le comportement asymptotique on sais que ne dpends pasfortement de la dimension spatiale; pour cette raison nous comparons lesprdictions de champ moyen en dimension infinie avec des simulation du mêmesystème en dimension trois et, remarquablement, on trouve un bon accord.Dans le reste de la thèse nous discutons aussi les similarités avec des travauxprécédents et quelques consquences que la distribution des avalanches donnesur les propriétés élastiques de la matière granulaire dense. / Many systems that are somehow characterized by a degree of disorder sharea similar structure: the energy landscape has many sample-dependent localenergy minima. When a small external perturbation is applied to the systemat low temperature, it is reasonable to expect that the dynamics will leadthe system from a minimum to another, thus displaying a random and jerkyresponse. The discontinuous jumps that one observes are called avalanches,and the focus of this work is the computation of their distribution. Oneof the results is indeed the development of a framework that allows thecomputation of this distribution in infinite-dimensional systems that canbe described within a replica symmetry breaking ansatz. We apply theresults to one of the simplest models of structural glasses, namely densepackings of (harmonic) soft spheres, either at jamming or at larger densities,subject to a shear transformation that induces jumps both in the totalenergy and in the shear stress of the system. We argue that, when theshear strain is small enough, the avalanche distribution develops a power-lawbehavior, whose exponent can be directly related to the functional orderparameter of the replica symmetry breaking solution. This exponent is alsorelated to the distribution of contact forces (or at least of the contact forcesbetween some of the spheres), whose asymptotic behavior is known not todepend strongly on the spatial dimension; for this reason, we compare theinfinite-dimensional prediction with three dimensional simulations of thesame systems and, remarkably, we find a good agreement. In the rest of thethesis we compare our results with previous works, and we also discuss someof the consequences that the avalanche distribution lead to, concerning thestatistical elastic properties of dense granular media.
25

Ising Quantum Chains

Karevski, Dragi 14 December 2005 (has links) (PDF)
The aim of this article is to give a pedagogical introduction to the exact equilibrium and nonequilibrium properties of free fermionic quantum spin chains. In a first part we present in full details the canonical diagonalisation procedure and review quickly the equilibrium dynamical properties. The phase diagram is analysed and possible phase transitions are discussed. The two next chapters are concerned with the effect of aperiodicity and quenched disorder on the critical properties of the quantum chain. The remaining part is devoted to the nonequilibrium dynamical behaviour of such quantum chains relaxing from a nonequilibrium pure initial state. In particular, a special attention is made on the relaxation of transverse magnetization. Two-time linear response functions and correlation functions are also considered, giving insights on the nature of the final nonequilibrium stationnary state. The possibility of aging is also discussed.
26

Ising quantum chains

Karevski, Dragi 14 December 2005 (has links) (PDF)
The aim of this article is to give a pedagogical introduction to the exact equilibrium and nonequilibrium properties of free fermionic quantum spin chains. In a first part we present in full details the canonical diagonalisation procedure and review quickly the equilibrium dynamical properties. The phase diagram is analysed and possible phase transitions are discussed. The two next chapters are concerned with the effect of aperiodicity and quenched disorder on the critical properties of the quantum chain. The remaining part is devoted to the nonequilibrium dynamical behaviour of such quantum chains relaxing from a nonequilibrium pure initial state. In particular,<br />a special attention is made on the relaxation of transverse magnetization. Two-time linear response functions and correlation functions are also considered, giving insights on the nature of the final nonequilibrium stationnary state. The possibility of aging is also discussed.
27

Spektrální a transportní vlastnosti korelovaných elektronů v neuspořádaných slitinách / Spectral and transport properties of correlated electrons in disordered alloys

Pokorný, Vladislav January 2013 (has links)
We develop methods how to calculate charge transport in disordered systems applicable in all disorder regimes. They allow to calculate vertex corrections to the electrical conductivity and the diffusion coefficient in models of elastically scattered electrons in the presence of random scatterers. These methods are based on an asymptotic limit to high spatial dimensions. The resulting formulas lead to reliable results free of unphysical behavior, as illustrated on a gallery of numerical examples.
28

Magnetização remanente em sistemas antiferromagnéticos\" / Remanent magnetization in the antiferromagnetic systems

Zulmara Virgínia de Carvalho 17 March 2006 (has links)
No contexto de sistemas de baixa anisotropia, medidas de magnetização para verificar os efeitos magnéticos induzidos pela substituição do íon Mn+2 por Cu+2 em um quase unidimensional antiferromagneto tipo Heisenberg CsMn1-xCuxA3.2H2O (A = Cl, Br) foram feitas. Nas amostras diluídas com derivados de Br observamos o aparecimento de uma magnetização remanente abaixo de TN quando elas são resfriadas em um pequeno campo axial aplicado ao longo do eixo fácil. Isso não ocorre com as amostras diluídas com derivados de Cl. A troca intra-cadeia tanto com os compostos de Cl e Br é antiferromagnética, entretanto a troca entre-cadeias ao longo de eixo fácil é antiferromagnética no composto com Cl e ferromagnética com o Br. Esse fato parece ser determinístico no surgimento de momentos espontâneos abaixo de TN no composto com bromo. Além disso, medidas de magnetização do monocristal antiferromagnético de sítio diluído A2Fe1-xInxCl5.H2O (A = Cs) foram feitas em baixos campos magnéticos (H) aplicados ao longo do eixo de fácil magnetização. Os dados revelaram que uma magnetização remanente Mr se desenvolve abaixo a temperatura de Néel TN. Essa Mr(T) é paralela ao eixo fácil e satura para campos H ~ 1Oe e ela aumenta com decréscimo de T. Ela também possui uma dependência de temperatura como outros sistemas diluídos da mesma família (A = K, Rb). Para todos esses sistemas, a curva normalizada Mr(t)/ Mr(t = 0,3), onde t=T/TN é a temperatura reduzida, é independente de x e acompanha uma curva universal. No contexto de sistemas de alta anisotropia, a dependência da temperatura do excesso de magnetização em baixos e altos campos foi investigada para o antiferromagneto 3D de Ising FexZn1-xF2 (x = 0.72; 0.46 e 0.31) e também o sistema puro FeF2. Verificamos que Mr surge tanto paralela ou perpendicular ao eixo fácil. A magnitude de Mr, para baixos campos (H < 1 Oe) depende de H, mas satura para campos de alguns Oersted. O esperado comportamento de campo aleatório (RF), em campos altos, é observado quando H é aplicado ao longo do eixo fácil. / In the context of low anisotropy, the magnetization measurements to find out the magnetic effects induced by the substitution of Mn+2 by Cu+2 íons in the quaseone-dimensional Heisenberg-like antiferromagnets CsMn1-xCuxA3.2H2O (A = Cl,Br) were made. In the diluted samples of the Br derivative, we observe the appearance of a remanent magnetization (Mr) below TN when they are cooled in a small axial magnetic field applied along the easy axis. This does not occur in the diluted samples of the Cl derivative. The intra-chain exchange both in Cl and Br compounds is antiferromagnetic, however the inter-chain exhange along the easy axis is antiferromagnetic in the chloride compound and ferromagnetic in the bromide. This fact seems to be deterministic in the appearance of the net moments below TN in the bromide. Moreover, the magnetization measurements on single crystals of the sitediluted antiferromagnet A2Fe1-xInxCl5.H2O (A = Cs) were carried out at low magnetic fields (H) applied along the easy axis. The data revealed that a Mr develops below the Néel temperature TN. This Mr(T) is parallel to the easy axis , saturates for H ~ 1 Oe and it increases with decreasing T. It has also temperature dependence as another diluted systems of the same family (A = K, Rb). For all these systems the normalized Mr(t)/Mr(t = 0,3), where t = T/TN is the reduced temperature, is independet of x and follow a universal curve. In the context of high anisotropy, the temperature dependence of the excess magnetization at low and high fields was investigated for the diluted antiferromagnet FexZn1-xF2 (x = 0.72; 0.46 and 0.31) and pure system FeF2 as well. It was found that Mr is either along the easy axis or perpendicular to it. The size of Mr for very low fields (H < 1 Oe) depends on H but it sature for fields of the order of few Oersteds. The expected random field (RF) behaivor is observed when H is applied along the easy axis at higher fields.
29

Exemplos de universalidade na física estatística de modelos aperiódicos e desordenados / Examples of universality in statistical physics of disordered and aperiodic models

Thomás Augusto Santoro Haddad 21 July 2004 (has links)
Apresentamos neste trabalho uma série de estudos sobre os efeitos de perturbações geométricas em alguns modelos da física estatística com transições de fase contínuas, Essas perturbações são causadas por distribuições aleatórias ou aperiódicas (e determinísticas) de campos ou de acoplamentos microscópicos ao longo das redes em que os modelos são definidos. No caso de sistemas aperiódicos sem desordem, mostramos uma grande quantidade de exemplos das possíveis alterações induzidas no comportamento crítico de modelos de Ising, Potts e um modelo para polímeros em interação. Empregamos técnicas não-perturbativas de grupo de renormalização no espaço real (matrizes de transferência para estudar a termodinâmica desses sistemas na região crítica ou tricrítica. Concluímos que, ainda que distribuições aperiódicas de constantes de acoplamento muitas vezes alterem sensivelmente os expoentes críticos associados às transições de fases, classificações universais ainda são possíveis. As classes de universalidade ligadas aos diferentes modelos e às várias maneiras de perturbá-los aperiodicamente estão associadas n inesperadas estruturas atratoras que surgem no espaço hamiltoniano de parâmetros, descritas em detalhe. No caso de modelos em presença de perturbações aleatórias à simetria translacional, argumentamos que alguns tipos de classificações universais também devem ser possíveis, primeiramente por causa de urna certa analogia com os sistemas aperiódicos anteriores, e também porque eles parecem sempre estar associados a formas de dinâmica complexa (corno a que se observa em sistemas vítreos não-desordenados). Comentamos brevemente sobre esta última conexão, e apresentamos urna análise ele um modelo desordenado muito simples, que tem a termodinâmica inteiramente calculável, e pode esconder alguma assinatura dessa dinâmica complexa. Finalmente. discutimos os rudimentos da chamada técnica de Martin-Siggia-Rose (MSR), que pode ser empregada para estudos avançados de sistemas com evoluções do tipo Langevin, e que permitiu o início da compreensão, já há algumas décadas, da possível universalidade da dinâmica complexa de sistemas desordenados. / We present in this work a series of studies on the effects of geometrical perturbations on statistical-physics models with continuous phase transitions. These perturbations are generated by random or aperiodic (deterministic) distributions of fields or microscopic couplings, along the lattices on which the models are defined. In case of non-disordered aperiodic systems, we s: show a wealth of examples of the changes that may be brought about on the critical behavior of Ising, Potts and interacting-polymer models. We employ non-perturbative real-space renormalization group techniques, as well as transfer-matrix methods to study the thermodynamics of such systems in the neighborhood of critical and tricritical points. Our conclusion is that although critical exponents may change appreciably in the presence of aperiodic distributions of couplings, universal classifications are nevertheless still workable. The universality classes associated to different models and the distinct ways of implementing aperiodicity are connected to unexpected attractors in Hamiltonian parameter space, which are thoroughly described. In case of random perturbations that break translational symmetry we argue that some universal classifications should still be possible. First, because these systems are in a sense analogous to the former aperiodic ones, and also because they always seem to be associated with some form of complex dynamics (as the dynamics of vitreous, non-random materials). We make some brief comments on this connection, and present a study of a very simpIe disordered model, whose thermodynamics is completely solvable, and which may hide some signatures of complex dynamics. Finally, we discuss the first steps of the so-called Martin-Siggia-Rose (MSR) method, which may be employed in advanced studies of systems undergoing Langevin-type evolutions, and which was responsible, some decades ago, for a first glimpse into the possible universality of complex dynamical behavior of disordered systems.
30

Random Matrix Theory in Statistical Physics : Quantum Scattering and Disordered Systems / Théorie des matrices aléatoires en physique statistique : théorie quantique de la diffusion et systèmes désordonnés

Grabsch, Aurélien 02 July 2018 (has links)
La théorie des matrices aléatoires a des applications dans des domaines variés : mathématiques, physique, finance, ... En physique, le concept de matrices aléatoires a été utilisé pour l'étude du transport électronique dans des structures mésoscopiques, de systèmes désordonnés, de l'intrication quantique, de modèles d'interfaces 1D fluctuantes en physique statistique, des atomes froids, ... Dans cette thèse, on s'intéresse au transport AC cohérent dans un point quantique, à des propriétés d'interfaces fluctuantes 1D sur un substrat et aux propriétés topologiques de fils quantiques multicanaux. La première partie commence par une introduction générale a la théorie des matrices aléatoires ainsi qu'a la principale méthode utilisée dans cette thèse : le gaz de Coulomb. Cette technique permet entre autres d'étudier la distribution d'observables qui prennent la forme de statistiques linéaires des valeurs propres, qui représentent beaucoup de quantités physiques pertinentes. Cette méthode est ensuite appliquée à des exemples concrets pour étudier le transport cohérent et les problèmes d'interfaces fluctuantes en physique statistique. La seconde partie se concentre sur un modèle de fil désordonné : l'équation de Dirac multicanale avec masse aléatoire. Nous étendons le puissant formalisme utilisé pour l'étude de systèmes unidimensionnels au cas quasi-1D, et établissons une connexion avec un modèle de matrices aléatoires. Nous utilisons ce résultat pour obtenir la densité d'états et les propriétés de localisation. Nous montrons également que ce système présente une série de transitions de phases topologiques (changement d'un nombre quantique de nature topologique, sans changement de symétrie), contrôlées par le désordre. / Random matrix theory has applications in various fields: mathematics, physics, finance, ... In physics, the concept of random matrices has been used to study the electronic transport in mesoscopic structures, disordered systems, quantum entanglement, interface models in statistical physics, cold atoms, ... In this thesis, we study coherent AC transport in a quantum dot, properties of fluctuating 1D interfaces on a substrate and topological properties of multichannel quantum wires. The first part gives a general introduction to random matrices and to the main method used in this thesis: the Coulomb gas. This technique allows to study the distribution of observables which take the form of linear statistics of the eigenvalues. These linear statistics represent many relevant physical observables, in different contexts. This method is then applied to study concrete examples in coherent transport and fluctuating interfaces in statistical physics. The second part focuses on a model of disordered wires: the multichannel Dirac equation with a random mass. We present an extension of the powerful methods used for one dimensional system to this quasi-1D situation, and establish a link with a random matrix model. From this result, we extract the density of states and the localization properties of the system. Finally, we show that this system exhibits a series of topological phase transitions (change of a quantum number of topological nature, without changing the symmetries), driven by the disorder.

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