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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
61

ASSOCIATION BETWEEN DISPENSING CHANNEL AND CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISORDER EXACERBATIONS AMONG MEDICARE BENEFICIARIES

Prather, April S. 01 January 2018 (has links)
Elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease may be at increased risk of exacerbation due to physical and cognitive deficits that make proper inhaled medication adherence more difficult despite consistent medication access. This retrospective study utilized administrative medical and pharmacy claims data to examine the likelihood of having a COPD exacerbation requiring acute medical care by means of an emergency room visit or hospitalization in elderly patients receiving maintenance COPD medications from mail order and retail pharmacies. It was hypothesized that mail order patients would be more likely to experience exacerbations despite differences in medication access when compared to retail patients. The primary outcome of interest was exacerbation frequency expressed as the incidence density rate, and the secondary outcome was the proportion of days covered (PDC). The incidence rate ratio for acute exacerbations was not significantly different for mail order and retail groups, indicating patients using mail-order pharmacies were not significantly more likely to experience an exacerbation requiring acute medical care. Despite insignificant differences in incidence rates, mail order patients had significantly higher adherence rates.
62

A dispensação responsável: entre o ensino formal e a prática profissional / Responsible dispensing: formal education versus professional practice

Bezzegh, Nadine Judith [UNIFESP] 30 July 2008 (has links) (PDF)
Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-22T20:49:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-07-30. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-08-11T03:25:53Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 Publico-10966.pdf: 734581 bytes, checksum: 0b90b2763bc1b7ba57c96354f220ec83 (MD5) / A comercialização de medicamentos ao lado da automedicação tem favorecido distorções no processo de dispensação de medicamentos com o qual se confronta o Técnico em Farmácia. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho se dispõe a avaliar a formação do técnico em Farmácia para o exercício da dispensação responsável. Envolve a caracterização do perfil sócio-demográfico e experiência profissional dos alunos, a identificação de seus conhecimentos e atitudes em relação ao Uso Racional dos Medicamentos, a identificação, na perspectiva dos alunos, dos limites e possibilidades do exercício profissional ético na dispensação e a realização de uma dinâmica grupal com o objetivo de reflexão sobre a dispensação responsável. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de abordagem quantitativa e qualitativa. Neste sentido foi usado questionário com questões fechadas e abertas incorporando perfil da população, conhecimentos e atitudes em relação ao Uso Racional dos Medicamentos e a questão ética relacionada à dispensação dos medicamentos. No tocante aos limites da prática ética, foi utilizado um Grupo Focal, tendo em vista identificar um espaço de reflexão sobre a dispensação responsável. Os dados quantitativos foram tabulados e a abordagem qualitativa recorreu à análise de conteúdo. Os resultados evidenciaram um alunato de maior idade, já inserido no mercado de trabalho, com predominância de mulheres. Dispondo de conhecimento adequado sobre o uso racional dos medicamentos e da legislação correspondente, observou-se menor consistência no plano das atitudes associada à referência à inaplicabilidade da legislação na prática. Os alunos referem a necessidade de preparo do balconista no tocante à ética. A realização do Grupo Focal possibilitou um momento de reflexão efetivo no sentido da revisão de posicionamentos pessoais sobre a ética na dispensação através da elaboração coletiva da dinâmica grupal. Se o diagnóstico apontou para a necessidade de ser trabalhada a preparação do aluno para o desempenho prático da dispensação, o Grupo Focal apontou para a propriedade de inclusão no ensino de espaços para a reflexão e o debate sobre a ética na dispensação, recorrendo a dinâmicas grupais com participação ativa do aluno, como recurso a ser considerado no planejamento do curso. / Pharmaceutical technicians have been facing distortions in the dispensing of medicines process caused by the manner of sale medicaments associated to selfmedication. Taking into consideration this context, the herein study has as objective the evaluation of the pharmaceutical technician formation for empowering him to provide a responsible dispensing. It involves the characterization of the social demographic profile and experience of the students; the assessment of their knowledge and attitudes regarding Rational Use of the Medicines; the limits and possibilities for an ethical professional practice regarding drugs dispensing; and the use of a group dynamics aiming at the reflection about a responsible dispensing. This research has a quantitative and qualitative approach. For this purpose, it was used a questionnaire containing both open and closed questions about the population profile, knowledge and attitudes about the Rational Use of Medicines and the ethical issue on drugs dispensing. For evaluating the ethical aspects a Focal Group was used in order to motivate and enable the students to reflect about responsible dispensing. The quantitative data were tabulated and the qualitative approach was analyzed. The results showed that most of the students were in their adult age, already in the working market, and most of them female sex. It was observed that, in spite of an adequate knowledge on the rational use of medicines and on the corresponding legislation, the pharmaceutical technicians have difficulty in dispensing with ethical practice. The students refer to the need for well prepared pharmacy clerks regarding ethics. The use of the Focal Group allowed a moment of useful reflection to review personal positions on drugs dispensing by the collective performance of this kind of group dynamics. While the diagnosis pointed towards the need for preparing the student for his ethical practice on the dispensing performance, the Focal Group pointed towards the need for reflection and debate on the dispensing ethics, through group dynamics with the student’s active participation, as a resource to be considered when planning the course. / TEDE / BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações
63

Desenvolvimento de um instrumento para documentar a prática da dispensação de medicamentos prescritos / Development of an instrument to document the practice of dispensing of prescribed medicines

Cerqueira-Santos, Sabrina 24 February 2018 (has links)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Introduction: the qualified practice of Dispensing is fundamental to the promotion of the rational use of medicines. Documentation is an indicator of quality and one of the essential steps in the care process. However, in Brazil there are no documentation models applicable to the practice of Dispensing. Objectives: to develop and validate an instrument to document the practice of dispensing prescribed medicines Methods: a methodological development study was carried out from February 2017 to October 2017, in two phases: (i) development of an instrument and (ii) content validation of the developed instrument. The development phase comprised three stages: (i) prototype development based on a systematic review; (ii) brainstorming and (iii) pre-Delphi. Subsequently, the validation process of the instrument content was performed through the Delphi technique. The instrument was sent to 40 experts, which all had overall experience in Dispensing, via the online platform Google Forms. The judges were instructed to evaluate the instrument according to the structure and content. Consensus was calculated using the Content Validity Index (CVI) and the items scored with CVI values >0.80. The present study was approved by the Ethics and Research Committee of the Federal University of Sergipe and all participants signed a Free and Informed Consent Term (TCLE). Results: the development stage generated three versions of the instrument: prototype; version 1 (changed after brainstorming) and version 2 (changed after pre-Delphi). In the content validation process of version 2 of the instrument, 23 experts returned their evaluation in the first round of Delphi (rate of return of 57.5%) and 17 in the second (rate of return of 73.9%). All items obtained IVC> 0.83, being considered validated. The final instrument comprised the following sections: general information, identification of technical and legal problems of prescription, conduct for the resolution of technical and legal problems of prescription, dispensed medicines, suspected drug related problem (DRP), verbal guidance, written guidance, routing and routing result. Conclusion: the instrument, developed and validated, presents the main variables that are provided in the Dispensing process. Thus, the proposed instrument can be useful to qualify this service and to improve the care process. / Introdução: a prática qualificada da Dispensação é fundamental para a promoção do uso racional de medicamentos. A documentação é um indicador de qualidade e um dos passos essenciais no processo de cuidado. No entanto, no Brasil não existem modelos de documentação aplicáveis à prática de Dispensação. Objetivos: desenvolver e validar um instrumento para documentar a prática da Dispensação de medicamentos prescritos. Métodos: foi realizado um estudo de desenvolvimento metodológico de fevereiro de 2017 a outubro de 2017, em duas fases: (i) desenvolvimento de um instrumento e (ii) validação de conteúdo o instrumento desenvolvido. A fase de desenvolvimento compreendeu três etapas: (i) desenvolvimento de protótipo baseado em uma revisão sistemática previamente realizada; (ii) brainstorming e (iii) pré-Delphi. Posteriormente foi realizado o processo de validação de conteúdo do instrumento por meio da técnica Delphi. O instrumento foi enviado a 40 especialistas, com experiência em Dispensação, no formato online, via plataforma Google Forms. Os mesmos foram instruídos a avaliarem o instrumento de acordo com a forma e o conteúdo. O consenso foi calculado por meio do Índice de validade de conteúdo (IVC) e os itens foram considerados validados com valores de IVC > 0,80. O presente estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética e Pesquisa da Universidade Federal de Sergipe e todos os participantes assinaram um Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido (TCLE). Resultados: na etapa de desenvolvimento foram geradas três versões do instrumento: protótipo; versão 1 (alterado após o brainstorming acadêmico) e versão 2 (alterado após o pré-Delphi). No processo de validação de conteúdo da versão 2 do instrumento, 23 especialistas retornaram sua avaliação na primeira rodada do Delphi (taxa de retorno de 57,5%) e 17 na segunda (taxa de retorno de 73,9%). Todos os itens obtiveram IVC > 0,83, sendo considerados validados. O instrumento final compreendeu as seguintes seções: informações gerais, identificação de problemas técnicos e legais da prescrição, conduta para a resolução de problemas técnicos e legais da prescrição, medicamentos dispensados, suspeita de problema relacionado ao medicamento (PRM), orientação verbal, orientação escrita, encaminhamento e resultado do encaminhamento. Conclusão: o instrumento desenvolvido e validado apresenta as principais variáveis que devem ser documentadas durante o processo da Dispensação. Assim, o instrumento proposto poderá ser uma ferramenta útil para qualificar esse serviço e aprimorar o processo de cuidado. / São Cristóvão, SE
64

Desenvolvimento e validação de instrumento de suporte à orientação farmacêutica para dispensação de medicamentos prescritos / Development and validation of an instrument to guide pharmaceutical counseling for dispensing prescription medicines

Rocha, Kérilin Stancine Santos 22 February 2018 (has links)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Introduction. Dispensing is fundamental in patient care, since pharmaceutical counseling enables patients to receive and understand the information necessary to use medicines correctly. Although pharmaceutical counseling is a quality indicator on drug dispensing, in Brazil, protocols to guide pharmacists on this practice are scarce. Thus, research is necessary for the development and validation of instruments to support pharmaceutical counseling on dispensing prescription medicines. Objective. To develop and validate an instrument to guide pharmaceutical counseling for dispensing prescription medicines. Methods. A methodological development study was carried out from February 2017 to October 2017. The development of the instrument included the following steps: (1) elaboration of the prototype based on a previous systematic review; (2) brainstorming meeting with pharmacists, and (3) pre-Delphi. Then, the content validation of the instrument was carried out with the Delphi technique. Forty Brazilian pharmacists specialized in Dispensing were invited. They were instructed to judge the instrument, according to previously established criteria. At the end of the judgment rounds, the content validation index (CVI) was calculated. The items were considered validated if the CVI> 0.80. The present study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Sergipe. Results. The stages that comprised the development generated three versions of the instrument: prototype; version 1 (modified instrument after brainstorming) and version 2 (instrument modified after pre-Delphi). Version 2 of the instrument was submitted to the content validation process, in which 29 pharmacists (return rate 72,5%) made the judgment in the first round and 23 pharmacists (return rate 79,31%) in the second round. All items obtained CVI higher than 0.82 and were considered validated. Thus, the final instrument comprised three components: suggestions of questions; reasoning of the Dispensing process; and suggestions of counseling and other behaviors, being composed of 11 steps, in which each step represents a stage of clinical reasoning. Conclusion. The instrument to support pharmaceutical counseling on dispensing prescription medicines, developed based on a systematic review and validated using the Delphi technique, presents the main counseling that must be realized during that service. Thus, this instrument could support pharmacists and create referential to improve Dispensing in Brazil, in line with developed countries. / Introdução. A Dispensação é considerada uma etapa fundamental do cuidado, uma vez que a orientação farmacêutica possibilita aos pacientes receberem e compreenderem as informações necessárias para o uso correto dos medicamentos. Embora a orientação seja um indicador essencial da Dispensação, no Brasil ainda são escassos modelos e instrumentos que deem suporte à orientação farmacêutica. Objetivo. Desenvolver e validar um instrumento de suporte à orientação farmacêutica para a Dispensação de medicamentos prescritos. Métodos. Foi realizado um estudo de desenvolvimento metodológico nos meses de fevereiro de 2017 a outubro de 2017. O desenvolvimento do instrumento compreendeu as seguintes etapas: (i) elaboração do protótipo com base em revisão sistemática realizada anteriormente; (ii) reunião de brainstorming com farmacêuticos da academia e (iii) pré-Delphi. Em seguida ocorreu a validação de conteúdo do instrumento previamente elaborado, por meio da técnica Delphi. Para esta etapa, foram convidados 40 farmacêuticos especialistas em Dispensação no Brasil, os quais foram instruídos a julgar o instrumento, de acordo com critérios previamente estabelecidos. Ao final dos julgamentos, o índice de validação de conteúdo (IVC) foi calculado. Os itens foram considerados validados se o IVC > 0,80. O presente estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética e Pesquisa da Universidade Federal de Sergipe. Resultados. As etapas que compreenderam o desenvolvimento geraram três versões do instrumento: o protótipo; a versão 1 (instrumento modificado após o brainstorming) e a versão 2 (instrumento modificado após o pré-Delphi). A versão 2 do instrumento foi submetida ao processo de validação de conteúdo. Dos farmacêuticos convidados, 29 fizeram os julgamentos na primeira rodada (taxa de retorno 72,5%) de e destes, 23 farmacêuticos realizaram julgamentos na segunda (taxa de retorno 79,31%). Todos os itens obtiveram IVC > 0,82, sendo, portanto, considerados validados. Assim, o instrumento final compreendeu três componentes: sugestões de perguntas; raciocínio do processo de Dispensação; e, sugestões de orientações e outras condutas, e foi composto por 11 etapas, na qual cada uma representa um estágio do raciocínio clínico. Conclusão. O instrumento de suporta à orientação farmacêutica para Dispensação de medicamentos prescritos, desenvolvido com base em revisão sistemática e validado por meio da técnica Delphi, apresenta as principais orientações que devem ser realizadas durante esse serviço. Assim, essa ferramenta poderá instrumentalizar os farmacêuticos e criar referenciais para melhorar a prática da Dispensação no Brasil, em sintonia com os países desenvolvidos. / São Cristóvão, SE
65

Det värsta som kan hända : en studie om lex Maria-anmälda felexpedieringar på svenska apotek

Åberg, Fredrik January 2017 (has links)
Det har gjorts forskning kring felexpedieringar på apotek, om deras typer, bakomliggande orsaker och potentiella åtgärder mot dem. En svensk författning, kallad lex Maria, säger att alla händelser som orsakat eller hade kunnat orsaka allvarliga vårdskador skall utredas av vårdgivaren och anmälas till Inspektionen för vård och omsorg (IVO). IVO tar ett beslut i ärendet, som tillsammans med händelsen sammanfattas i ett särskilt beslutsdokument. Syftet med detta examensarbete var att undersöka vilka kategorier av felexpedieringar av läkemedel och andra produkter på apotek som kan leda till allvarliga vårdskador, och att ta reda på vilka av dessa kategorier som är vanligast förekommande. Detta gjordes genom att läsa samtliga lex Maria-beslut som tagits av IVO under 2016 gällande händelser på apotek. Felen som beskrevs i besluten kategoriserades utifrån ett antal kategorier som bestämts utifrån tidigare forskning kring felexpedieringar. Sammanlagt lästes 39 beslut. I dessa förekom följande kategorier av felexpedieringar, ordnade med den vanligaste först: fel läkemedel, fel dos, missat att upptäcka och korrigera förskrivarfel, fel styrka, fel patient, obehörig patient, uteblivet läkemedel, etikett på fel läkemedel, skrivit fel i datorn, fel kvantitet, fel läkemedelsform, fel iordningställning, fel tid, fel på verbal information, inte expedierat författningsmässigt. Flera av besluten sattes i mer än en av kategorierna. De fyra första kategorierna utgjorde tillsammans 60 % av de identifierade felen. Examensarbetets resultat, som till stor del stämmer överens med resultat från tidigare forskning, indikerar att lex Maria-anmälningar från apotek kan vara representativa för felexpedieringar överlag, och inte bara de som kan leda till allvarliga vårdskador. Informationen om felexpedieringar som kom fram i studien kan vara av nytta för farmaceuter och annan apotekspersonal för att de ska undvika fel vid arbete på apotek. Examensarbetets upplägg och resultat ger många uppslag till framtida forskning om felexpedieringar, inklusive deras konsekvenser, bakomliggande orsaker, och potentiella åtgärder. Dessa studier skulle vara lättare att göra om det fanns mer centralt sammanställd och allmänt tillgänglig statistik och information om felexpedieringar i Sverige, inte bara om de som kan leda till allvarliga vårdskador.
66

Digibar : An analysis of the future's bartender / Digibar : En analys av framtidens bartender

Degernäs, Ted, Wenning, Måns January 2023 (has links)
The objective of this project is to provide bars with a cost-effective and straightforward way to increase their output per employee, allowing them to reduce drink prices. To achieve this, we have fully automated the bartender’s process, with staff only required to refill ingredients as they deplete and handle the payment for orders. The prototype has been tested for accuracy in knowing which drink to pour as well as in the precision of how much to pour. In testing, the prototype demonstrated a high level of accuracy in identifying which drink to pour, utilizing a load cell programmed to dispense the drink closest to the measured weight. The pouring accuracy was slightly less precise, particularly at lower volumes, but still met expectations, achieving an average accuracy of 93.75 percent for low volumes, increasing to circa 100 percent for larger volumes. Overall, the goals for the prototype were achieved, and the prototype’s ability to increase efficiency and reduce costs for bars is highly feasible. / Syftet med detta projekt är att erbjuda barer ett kostnadseffektivt och enkelt sätt att öka produktionen per anställd och därmed sänka dryckespriserna. För att uppnå detta har vi fullständigt automatiserat bartenderns process, där personalen endast behöver fylla på ingredienser när de tar slut och hantera betalningen för beställningarna. Prototypen har testats för att säkerställa noggrannhet vid identifiering av vilken dryck som ska hällas upp samt precisionen i hur mycket som ska hällas upp. I tester visade prototypen en hög noggrannhet vid identifiering av vilken dryck som skulle hällas upp, genom att använda en lastcell för att mäta vikten av glaset. Hällnoggrannheten var något mindre precis, särskilt vid lägre volymer, men uppfyllde fortfarande förväntningarna och uppnådde en genomsnittlig noggrannhet på 93,75 procent för de lägsta volymerna, något som steg till cirka 100 procent vid större volymer. Övergripande sett har målen för prototypen uppnåtts och dess för måga att öka effektiviteten och minska kostnaderna förbarer är högst genomförbar.
67

Ohio Pharmacists’ Provision of Non-Dispensing Services to Underserved Populations: Involvement, Willingness, Capabilities, and Barriers to Care

Blazejewski, Lucas M. 06 September 2012 (has links)
No description available.
68

Dispensing Rates of Four Common Hearing Aid Product Features: Associations With Variations in Practice Among Audiologists

Johnson, Earl E., Ricketts, Todd A. 01 March 2010 (has links)
The purpose of the study was to develop and examine a list of potential variables that may account for variability in the dispensing rates of four common hearing aid features. A total of 29 potential variables were identified and placed into the following categories: (1) characteristics of the audiologist, (2) characteristics of the hearing aids dispensed by the audiologist, (3) characteristics of the audiologist?s patient population, and (4) evidence-based practice grades of recommendation for each feature. The potentially associative variables then were examined using regression analyses from the responses of 257 audiologists to a dispensing practice survey. There was a direct relation between price and level of hearing aid technology with the frequency of dispensing product features. There was also a direct relation between the belief by the audiologist that a feature might benefit patients and the frequency of dispensing that feature. In general, the results suggested that personal differences among audiologists and the hearing aids audiologists choose to dispense are related more strongly to dispensing rates of product features than to differences in characteristics of the patient population served by audiologists. An additional finding indicated that evidence-based practice recommendations were inversely related to dispensing rates of product features. This finding, however, may not be the result of dispensing trends as much as hearing aid manufacturing trends.
69

Community Pharmacist Engagement in Co-Dispensing Naloxone to Patients at Risk for Opioid Overdose

Salwan, A., Hagemeier, Nicholas E., Dowling, Karilynn, Foster, Kelly N., Arnold, J., Alamian, Arsham, Pack, Robert P. 08 April 2019 (has links)
No description available.
70

New Concepts in Administration of Drugs in Tablet Form : Formulation and Evaluation of a Sublingual Tablet for Rapid Absorption, and Presentation of an Individualised Dose Administration System

Bredenberg, Susanne January 2003 (has links)
<p>This thesis presents two new concepts in oral drug administration and the results of evaluation of some relevant formulation factors.</p><p>Investigation into improving the homogeneity of mixtures for tableting indicated that it may be possible to obtain interactive dry mixtures of micronised drugs containing drug proportions as low as 0.015% w/w. By studying the relationship between disintegration time and tensile strength, it was found that the microstructure surrounding the disintegrant particles may influence the disintegration process. Therefore, avoidance of excipients which are highly deformable or very soluble in water will result in more rapid disintegration. Further, it is possible to increase the bioadhesive properties of a non-bioadhesive carrier material by forming interactive mixtures containing a fine particulate bioadhesive material.</p><p>The new sublingual tablet concept presented is based on interactive mixtures consisting of a water-soluble carrier covered with fine drug particles and a bioadhesive component. With this approach, it is possible to obtain rapid dissolution in combination with bioadhesive retention of the drug in the oral cavity. Clinical data indicate that this allows rapid sublingual absorption while simultaneously avoiding intestinal absorption. </p><p>An individualised dose administration system is also presented. This system is based on the use of standardised units (microtablets), each containing a sub-therapeutic amount of the active ingredient. The required dose is fine-tuned by electronically counting out a specific number of these units using an automatic dose dispenser. A patient handling study supported the suggestion that the dosage of some medications can be more easily and safely individualised for each patient with this method than by using traditional methods of mixing different standard tablet strengths or dividing tablets.</p>

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