The thesis "Evangelické sítě a disent" ("Evangelical social networks and dissent") is about interconnection between evangelical people and other people from dissent. There is over represented number of evangelical signatories in Charta 77. I want to show some factors, that could cause this fact. I want to explain the way of involving Protestants in the czech dissent by historical facts from published documents, theory of weak and strong ties ba M. Granovetter, theory of new social movements and testimonies. This testimonies were acquired for the purpose of this thesis. This testimonies would help to show some special phenomenas in the ties between evangelical people and people from dissent and underground. There is part in the thesis, which is dedicated to the degree of civic engagement of evangelical people and the causes of the high degree of civic engagement of evangelical people. And there is part about situation of evangelical parsons and evangelical church itself in the seventies and eighties of the twentieth century.

The diploma thesis, based primarily on the method of oral history, deals with selected chapters from the life of Petr Rýgr, a dissident and a person belonging to the circle of parallel culture. It is conceived as an episodic biography, while in the course of the research it follows the topic of the desire for a free life in a represive regime. The time limit corresponds to the period, called as "normalization" in socialist Czechoslovakia. The work captures the life of a dissident on a regional scale, on the border of the districts of Trutnov and Náchod. Rýgr's life is viewed in the text from several perspectives, primarily the self-concept of the protagonist, the view of his friends, and then the view of the author of the work based on the interpretation of interviews and the study of written sources. The individual chapters deal with Rýgr's adolescence, the possible degree of formation by opinion authorities, Václav Havel or Jaroslav Foglar, as well as life in a parallel, unofficial world, the issue of work duty or the October 1989 event when Petr Rýgr sent an advertisement to Rudé právo congratulating Václav Havel alias Ferdinand Vaňek on his birthday. The work subscribes to a personalistic approach, while in accordance with it, the researched personality of Petr Rýgr is perceived as a phenomenon...

The degree work deals with the last century period of the 80s and 90s in the Pilsen region. Generally, it was time of lack of freedom and intolerance when all the state power was concentrated in one political party - the Czechoslovak Communist Party. With support of police this party manipulated with citizens' dignity, rights and thinking. Through description of some civic activities the work records groups of independent thinking in the Pilsen region. These activities were source of independent atmosphere; that's why they were supervised by the state power; their protagonists were monitored and their activities were supressed. In the work the independent areas are divided into chapters: church, music, scouting, camping, ecology. Another chapter focuses on the local dissent activities. Its members were predominantly from the above mentioned groups. Last chapter deals with unofficial publishing (samizdat) in this period. The aim of the degree work is to find (or at least to outline) the starting points and reasons that finally brought members of various groups (often diametrically opposite) together on the way of independent activities, dissent and unofficial publishing (samizdat).

The text tries to bring a different point of view on what citizenship is and what it means, other than political or legal interpretation. It searches for pre-political and pre-legal basis of citizenship able to protect its rights and freedoms as defined by, for example, the Charter of Fundamental Rights and Freedoms or as legally guaranteed in democracies. The theoretical part of the text is based on treatises of Czechoslovak dissidents who examined the phenomenon of citizenship, being themselves citizens of illiberal regime. The treatises originate mainly in the 1970s and look at the citizen through the eyes of the dissent of "normalised" Czechoslovakia. The view is broadened by further interviews focusing on the topic of citizenship with three more dissidents. The goal is to find what citizenship should carry within, what it should mean in order to be able to defend its space, the space which officially belongs to it in democratic conditions.

Within the literature devoted to the study of political parties, scholars have recently directed more attention towards intraparty dynamics. The ‘party as a unitary actor’ assumption seems to have withered away in the last decades. The party is increasingly viewed as a heterogeneous entity, in which dissenting attitudes are frequent. Yet the causes of intraparty dissensions remain quite obscure. This dissertation aims at providing a better understanding of the causes of dissent within parties, especially within parliamentary party groups. <p><p>Intraparty conflicts, dissent or ‘voice’ phenomena have been studied through different literatures that have developed independently from each other: studies dealing with party factionalism, social-psychological and economic theories of organizations (e.g. Hirschman’s trilogy of exit, voice and loyalty), and legislative studies dealing with parliamentary party voting unity. The dissertation attempts to (re)conciliate these separate literatures, and shows how legislative studies, factionalism literature and theories of organizations can help to rethink the concept of dissent, and to grasp why parliamentarians are more or less likely to dissent from their party line. <p><p>The dissertation defines dissent in the parliamentary party as a two-dimensional concept, and operationalizes it as the MP’s frequency of disagreement with her/his party and the MP’s attitude of (non)loyalty in case of such disagreement. At the theoretical level, the dissertation draws on several theoretical approaches –institutional, rational and sociological– and formulates a broad set of hypotheses linking system-, party- and individual-level factors to these two dimensions of dissent. At the empirical level, the dissertation analyzes the causes of dissent within parliamentary parties in a comparative perspective. The analysis examines parliamentarians’ attitudes across 15 European national parliaments and tests the hypotheses formulated in the theoretical part by using the PARTIREP MP Survey dataset. <p><p>The results first show that, while European parliamentary parties are usually viewed as united blocks in terms of voting behavior, looking at MPs’ attitudes provides a more nuanced picture: European parliamentary parties show important variations in their MPs’ frequency of disagreement and attitudes of non-loyalty. Among the factors that explain these variations, both institutional (electoral rules, state structure, effective number of parties, intraparty organization) and sociological (gender, age, socialization, ideological preferences) factors need to be considered. In addition, the research shows that the two dimensions of dissent, though they are connected by a sequential relationship, should be studied distinctly, as different factors affect them respectively. The frequency of disagreement is best explained by the MP’s gender and previous elected office at a lower level than the national one, by the ideological distance between the MP and her/his party’s position in interaction with the party ‘family’, and by intraparty organizational factors (candidate selection procedures and EPO-PPO power balance). Non-loyalty depends more on the institutional structure (multilevel vs. unitary state, ENP) and on the candidate-centeredness of the electoral system; but is also affected by individual-level factors (age and length of incumbency) and by the party ‘family’. On the whole, by contrast to what is usually argued, ‘the party’ matters’ in determining the level of intraparty cohesion: the impact of intraparty organizational structure and party ideology or family is determinant, but more research is definitely needed in order to disentangle the ‘organizational’ vs. the ‘ideological’ effects.<p> / Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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The tragic and devastating September 11 attacks resulted in a variety of original musical responses. Exemplary works expressed their reactions through overt 9/11-concentric dialogues to express themes of mourning, military retribution, dissent and commemoration. An examination of such works concludes that effective musical responses express a direct message clarified by supporting musical and/or textual materials. Musical materials can accentuate the specific thematic message of the responsive work as they often evoke images and emotions reminiscent of the attacks and their aftermath. Compositional techniques used in these works are often reminiscent of historical works written in similar circumstances. The recurrence of these historical approaches illuminates the timeless compositional design of historical examples and exemplifies modern advancements in music composition and production. A comparison between classical and popular post-9/11 musical compositions concludes that certain classical and popular genres deal with responsive themes more effectively than others. A recommendation for further study is enclosed.