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11	"Let heaven kiss earth!": The Function of Humanism and Animism in Shakespeare's Richard II and Henry IV, Parts I and II Kottemann, Kathrin 20 December 2009 (has links) As Shakespeare composed the three history plays discussed here, English culture faced a shift in its dominant belief system from an animistic perspective that valued nature and superstition to a humanistic perspective based on reason and personal relationships. In Richard II, Shakespeare creates characters that fall on either side of this divide, and he shows humanism triumph over animism when Henry deposes Richard. In 1 Henry IV, Shakespeare shows that this binary is not so easily reconciled, and Hal (the future Henry V) creates a dual nature that subsumes the tenets of both animism and humanism. After the death of his father and his rejection of Falstaff in 2 Henry IV, Hal demonstrates that the only solution to the humanism/animism debate is to entirely reject the tenets of both and, instead, blend the two viewpoints together. The result is a newly formed conception of kingship and a hero-king. 1 Henry IV 2 Henry IV animism Divine Right of Kings eco-criticism Falstaff Henry V hero-king humanism Richard II Shakespeare sun-king analogy
12	The earthly structures of divine ideas : influences on the political economy of Giovanni Botero Bobroff, Stephen 22 August 2005 Giovanni Boteros (1544-1617) treatise <i>The Reason of State</i> (1589) seemed somewhat uncharacteristic of sixteenth-century political thought, considering the pride of place given to economics in his text. The Age of Reformation constituted not only a period of new ideas on faith but also one of new political thinking, and as the research into the influences on Boteros economic thought progressed, I began to consider the period as one where economic thinking was becoming more common among theologians of the reforming churches and bureaucrats of the developing states. Having been trained in the schools of the Jesuits, Botero was exposed to one of the most potent and intellectually uniform of all the reforming movements of the period, and I argue it was here that he first considered economics as an aspect of moral philosophy. While it cannot be proven positively that Botero studied or even considered economics during his association with the Jesuits (roughly from 1559-1580), the fact that a number of those who shaped the Jesuit Order in its first few generations discussed economics in their own treatises leads one to a strong circumstantial conclusion that this is where the economic impulse first rose up in his thinking. Indeed, it was this background that readied Botero to consider economics as an important part of statecraft with his reading of Jean Bodins (1530-1596) <i>The Six Books of the Republic</i> (1576), in which economics is featured quite prominently. Bodins own economic theory was informed primarily by his experience as a bureaucrat in the Parlement of Paris, where questions on the value of the currency and on the kings ability to tax his subjects were in constant debate among the advocates. I argue further that, upon his reading of Bodins <i>Republic</i>, Botero saw how economics could be fused with politics, and he then set out to compose his own treatise on political economy (although he certainly would not have called it such). In <i>The Reason of State</i>, Botero brought his Jesuit conception of economic morality together with Bodins writings on political economy to create a work, neither wholly Jesuit nor wholly Bodinian, which in the end outlined an overall political and economic structure of society quite distinct from the sum of its parts. School of Salamanca 16th century political philosophers post-Machiavellians Niccolo Machiavelli balance of trade economics political economy - 16th century Jean Bodin Catholic thought reason of state Thomism - 16th century Jesuit political theorists divine right of kings natural law Spanish theology - post-conquest Thomas Aquinas reformation Europe - political theory taxation Six Books of the Republic mercantilism education - 16th century Jesuit education right of revolt ratio studiorum international trade usury
13	The earthly structures of divine ideas : influences on the political economy of Giovanni Botero Bobroff, Stephen 22 August 2005 (has links) Giovanni Boteros (1544-1617) treatise <i>The Reason of State</i> (1589) seemed somewhat uncharacteristic of sixteenth-century political thought, considering the pride of place given to economics in his text. The Age of Reformation constituted not only a period of new ideas on faith but also one of new political thinking, and as the research into the influences on Boteros economic thought progressed, I began to consider the period as one where economic thinking was becoming more common among theologians of the reforming churches and bureaucrats of the developing states. Having been trained in the schools of the Jesuits, Botero was exposed to one of the most potent and intellectually uniform of all the reforming movements of the period, and I argue it was here that he first considered economics as an aspect of moral philosophy. While it cannot be proven positively that Botero studied or even considered economics during his association with the Jesuits (roughly from 1559-1580), the fact that a number of those who shaped the Jesuit Order in its first few generations discussed economics in their own treatises leads one to a strong circumstantial conclusion that this is where the economic impulse first rose up in his thinking. Indeed, it was this background that readied Botero to consider economics as an important part of statecraft with his reading of Jean Bodins (1530-1596) <i>The Six Books of the Republic</i> (1576), in which economics is featured quite prominently. Bodins own economic theory was informed primarily by his experience as a bureaucrat in the Parlement of Paris, where questions on the value of the currency and on the kings ability to tax his subjects were in constant debate among the advocates. I argue further that, upon his reading of Bodins <i>Republic</i>, Botero saw how economics could be fused with politics, and he then set out to compose his own treatise on political economy (although he certainly would not have called it such). In <i>The Reason of State</i>, Botero brought his Jesuit conception of economic morality together with Bodins writings on political economy to create a work, neither wholly Jesuit nor wholly Bodinian, which in the end outlined an overall political and economic structure of society quite distinct from the sum of its parts. School of Salamanca 16th century political philosophers post-Machiavellians Niccolo Machiavelli balance of trade economics political economy - 16th century Jean Bodin Catholic thought reason of state Thomism - 16th century Jesuit political theorists divine right of kings natural law Spanish theology - post-conquest Thomas Aquinas reformation Europe - political theory taxation Six Books of the Republic mercantilism education - 16th century Jesuit education right of revolt ratio studiorum international trade usury
14	Political Atheism vs. The Divine Right of Kings: Understanding 'The Fairy of the Lake' (1801) Post, Andy 30 April 2014 (has links) In 'Political Atheism vs. The Divine Right of Kings,' I build on Thompson and Scrivener’s work analysing John Thelwall’s play 'The Fairy of the Lake' as a political allegory, arguing all religious symbolism in 'FL' to advance the traditionally Revolutionary thesis that “the King is not a God.” My first chapter contextualises Thelwall’s revival of 17th century radicalism during the French Revolution and its failure. My second chapter examines how Thelwall’s use of fire as a symbol discrediting the Saxons’ pagan notion of divine monarchy, also emphasises the idolatrous apotheosis of King Arthur. My third chapter deconstructs the Fairy of the Lake’s water and characterisation, and concludes her sole purpose to be to justify a Revolution beyond moral reproach. My fourth chapter traces how beer satirises Communion wine, among both pagans and Christians, in order to undermine any religion that could reinforce either divinity or the Divine Right of Kings. / A close reading of an all-but-forgotten Arthurian play as an allegory against the Divine Right of Kings. John Thelwall (1764-1834) Romanticism Romantic literature Romantic poetry Romantic nationalism Romantic medievalism Romantic antequarianism Saxon antequarianism Norse/Viking antequarianism Celtic antequarianism Whig history Jacobinism political allegory closet drama Early Modern Christianity Church of England Anglicanism Loyalism Germanic paganism Anglo-Saxon England Britain Wales French Revolution Glorious Revolution English Civil War King James I &VI John Milton Algernon Sidney Samuel Taylor Coleridge William Wordsworth Robert Southey Edmund Burke Simon Cottle Torquato Tasso Edda Northern Antiquities King Arthur Arthurian Sir Walter Scott Classical republicanism republicanism radicalism anti-monarchism fire water beer cwrw wassail Eucharist Communion Gothic Divine Right of Kings Political atheism Judith Thompson Michael Scrivener

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