The aim of this study is to compare views on parenting of partners (from a gender perspective) in families caring for children. Changes in women's position in society, their increasing financial contribution to the family budget and therefore economic background influence the opinions about the overall organization of family life, which is reflected in the actual division of parental roles and associated responsibilities. Although the paper focuses primarily on the opinions and ideas about parenting, I did not fail to devote some space also their subsequent practice. Close interaction of people who share a household and raising children, can result in blindness, which in turn creates the feeling of certain conformity of opinion. Parents can sometimes mistakenly believe that their views on parenthood are shared by their partners. In the research I have included ten couples raising two or more children. For the chosen method of semi-structured interviews, I selected respondents from my circle of acquaintances. The choice was quite deliberate, as with many of them I knew for a long time. Therefore I have had an opportunity to watch some of their educational practices or behaviors, and wondered whether their views correspond to their actions. An important aspect when examining the similarities or...

På den studerade vårdcentralen fanns ett behov av rutiner för läkaruppföljning av patienter med kroniskt obstruktiv lungsjukdom (KOL) med syfte att förbättra deras sjukdomskontroll. Tidigare studier och erfarenheter visade att KOL ofta förekommer samtidigt med andra sjukdomar och frågeställningen om KOL och andra sjukdomar ska bedömas var för sig eller vid samma läkarbesök kom upp. 16 patienter kom på läkarbesök till någon av sju inkluderade läkare där hälften av patienterna skulle få enbart KOL uppföljt och andra hälften både KOL och en eller flera andra kroniska sjukdomar. Vad som gjorts under besöken jämfördes med gällande checklistor för respektive sjukdomar. Patienternas och läkarnas upplevelser av besöken och önskemål om uppföljning i framtiden sammanställdes utifrån individuella intervjuer för patienterna och fokusgrupper för läkarna. Bedömningar av multisjuklighet visade sig vara svårt och några läkare använde flera checklistor medan andra inte använde checklistor alls eller i liten utsträckning. Antalet kontrollerade punkter sjönk för alla sjukdomar sammanräknade när flera sjukdomar sambedömdes men minskade mer för KOL än för alla sjukdomarna sammanräknade. Intervjudata styrkte att KOL ofta nedprioriteras till förmån för andra samtalsämnen. Både patienter och läkare kände sig trygga med att specialistsjuksköterskorna gör bra bedömningar och en extra ansträngning bör göras för att se till att alla patienter får kontakt med dem, inte minst för att de höll telefonkontakt med sina patienter under COVID-19-pandemin. Vikten av det parallella arbetet med listning på fast läkare lyftes fram av både patienter och läkare och en idé om att erbjuda patienter med multisjuklighet flera personcentrerade snarare än sjukdomscentrerade årskontroller hos samma läkare, kom fram. Hur läkarbedömningarna ska planeras framöver, behöver diskuteras vidare på arbetsplatsen men troligen finns inte ett sätt som passar alla patienter, läkare och situationer. / At the studied primary health care center, there was a need for routines for physician follow-up of patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) aiming to improve disease control. Patients with COPD diagnosis are often diagnosed with other chronic conditions and the question of assessing them separately or at the same doctor's visit came up. 16 patients and 7 doctors were included, where half of the patients would have COPD followed up and the other half both COPD and one or more other diseases. What was done during the visits was compared with the current checklists for each disease. The patients’ and doctors' experiences of the visits and requests for follow-up in the future were obtained with individual interviews for the patients and focus groups for the doctors. Assessments of multi-morbidity proved to be hard and some physicians used multiple checklists while others did not. The number of controlled points decreased for all diseases added up when several diseases were co-assessed but decreased more for COPD than all diseases together. Interview data proved that COPD is often downgraded in favor of other topics. Both patients and physicians felt confident that the specialist nurses made good assessments and an extra effort should be made to ensure that all patients get in touch with them, not least because they turned out to have kept in touch with all their patients during the COVID-19- pandemic. The importance of the parallel work with listing on a regular doctor was emphasized, and an idea emerged to offer patients with multiple illnesses several person-centered rather than disease-centered annual check-ups at the same doctor. How medical assessments should be planned in the future needs to be discussed further in the workplace, but there is probably no way that suits all patients, physicians and situations.

Studiens syfte är att undersöka hur relationen mellan privatliv och arbetsliv skiljer sig mellan män och kvinnor som distansarbetar på Halmstad Kommun. Syftet är även att få en tydlig bild av hur distansarbete skiljer sig mellan män och kvinnor och om det påverkar arbetsdelningen i hemmer utifrån en könsrelation. Studiens resultat har samlats in genom åtta kvalitativa intervjuer med kvinnor och män vars svar har analyserats med hjälp av Yvonne Hirdmans teori om genussystemet och Sue Campbell Clarks gränsteori. I slutsatserna påvisas det att de intervjuade kvinnorna och männen anser att relationen mellan privatliv och arbetsliv påverkas av distansarbete. Kvinnorna som intervjuats anser att den typiska könsfördelningen vad gäller arbetsdelningen i hemmer blir mer tydlig vid distansarbete. Männen som intervjuats anser att det har ett ökat ansvar gällande hemarbete när de distansarbetar. / The study aims to investigate how the relationship between private life and working life differs between men and women who work remotely in Halmstad municipality. The aim is also to get a clearer picture of how remote work differs between men and women and if it affects the division of labor in the home based on a gender relationship. The results of the study have been collected through eight qualitative interviews with women and men whose answers have been analyzed using Yvonne Hirdman’s theory of the gender system and Sue Campbell Clark’s Work/Family border theory. In the conclusions, it is stated that the interviewed women and men believe that the relationship between private life and working life is affected by remote work. The women who were interviewed believe that the typical gender distribution in terms of the division of labor in the home becomes clearer when working remotely. The men interviewed believe they have an increased responsibility regarding household chores when they work remotely.

No description available.

Longitudinal data from 113 dual-career couples are used to explore the relationship between perceptions of marital equity and well-being and distress in marital, professional, and parental roles, how perceptions of equity change over time, and to examine efforts to restore equity. Differences in well-being and distress in roles are identified by gender and equity group. study results indicate that for both spouses, perceptions of inequity are associated with lower marital well-being and higher marital distress; however, under benefited wives reported higher professional well-being and under benefited husbands reported higher parental well-being. Couple perceptions of equity decreased between 1986 and 1990; under benefited husbands were more likely to use threats and bargaining to negotiate for relationship changes while wives sought counseling. Results demonstrate the importance of using multiple measures of well-being and distress and including gender and equity type in investigations of marital equity. / Ph. D.

The discovery of the variables that impact on the career aspirations of children is important in the development of effective programs and interventions. These variables can also serve as a basis to provide equal opportunities and to promote diversity in the work place. This study was driven by three primary areas of investigation. First, it sought to discover the perceived gender characteristics of selected occupations held by a group of children. Second, it sought to investigate in what ways the occupational patterns within the families of these children related to their perceptions of occupational gender characteristics. Third, it sought to explore in what ways the occupational preferences of these children related to their perceptions of occupational gender characteristics. A qualitative research design using multiple-case studies was utilized. Participants were selected from a pool of 76 fifth-grade students from a suburban elementary school. A purposive sample of 11 boys and 10 girls was selected from this pool for in-depth study. A structured interview schedule was the main source of data collection. Data analysis was based on the tenets of the grounded theory approach. This study revealed that these children assigned gender characteristics to occupations based on their underlying views of the meaning and character of femininity and masculinity. The occupational patterns in the families of these children were traditionally sex-typed and the boys perpetuated that pattern by selecting traditional occupations for themselves. The boys selected occupations which were congruent with their views of masculinity. Several of the girls broke away from the traditional sex-typed occupations of their mothers and aspired to nontraditional occupations. The girls who broke the traditional patterns were cognizant of the dominant social views and practices regarding gender-appropriate occupations. Nonetheless, they were undeterred in stating their aspirations of traditionally male occupations. / Ed. D.

Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2000. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Since the late 80s and early 90s there has been a sustained debate on the concept of globalisation. This has been, to a larger extent, due to global industrial restructuring In most countries the effects have been felt mostly in the manufacturing sector, and these were evident in areas such as technology, employment pattern and composition of labour force. Globalisation introduces a tendency to create a division of labour between a core of relatively well paid, skilled and secured workers, and a large pool of workers doing non-regular forms of work e.g. 'casual' jobs or part-time contracts, and with much of the work sub-contracted to companies with less unionised and low paid workers. This research assignment explores the effects that changes in global production have on the South African automotive industry. As South Africa is becoming increasingly integrated into the world economy it certainly will not be unaffected by effects of globalisation. The auto industry, and Volkswagen in particular will be use as a case. The industry is one of the largest export industries in South Africa at the current moment, and is said to have embraced the realities of globalisation. It is also a fairly well developed industry, technologically. The auto industry has always epitomised 'Fordist' forms of production with inward-looking industrial activity. The waves of changes in the sphere of production globally have both positive and negative etfects on the automotive industry. They are spurring development and innovation in an ailing industry, and thrusting it on a path towards 'world-class' manufacturing. On the other hand festructuring trend which is an outflow of global isation poses a great threat on employment patterns, and in the long run may lead toil"'decline in formal employment and introduction of non-regular forms of work e g. part-time, casual employment, and subcontracting. This will happen as pressures mount on the industry in line with the logic of international competitiveness to rationalise and cut costs. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die konsep "globalisering" lok reeds sedert die laat tagtigerjare wydverspreid debat uit. Die kontensieuse aard van die begrip kan grootlike toegeskryf word aan die verskynsel van globale industriele herstrukturering. Wereldwyd is die impak van laasgenoemde veral gevoel in die vervaardigingsektor. Hierdie tendens het by uitstek in aspekte soos tegnologie, indiensnemingspatrone en die samestelling van die arbeidsmag gemanifesteer. Globalisering het die geneigdheid om 'n verdeling van arbeid te bewerkstellig in terme waarvan 'n kern van relatief goed besoldigde, geskoolde en beskermde werkers onderskei kan word van 'n relatief swak besoldigde groep wat stukwerk verrig. Die tweede groep verrig deeltydse werk, wat in baie gevalle uitgekontrakteer word aan maatskappye met lae vakbondverteenwoordiging. Die fokus van hierdie werkstuk val op die impak wat veranderinge in globale produksie op die Suid-Afrikaanse motornywerheid het. Namate Suid-Afrika toenemend deel word van die wereldekonomie, raak dit al hoe moeiliker om die negatiewe effekte van globalisering vry te spring. Die motornywerheid, en spesifiek die vervaardiger Volkswagen, word as gevallestudie gebruik. Die tegnologies ontwikkelde industrie is een van Suid-Afrika se vernaamste uitvoernywerhede, en volgens kenners het veral hierdie sektor die realiteite van globalisering ter harte geneem. Kenmerkend van die motornywerheid was nog altyd sy "Ford-agtige" vorm van produksie, gefokus op inwaartsgekeerde industriele aktiwiteit. Die golwe van verandering in wereldwye produksie hou sowel positiewe as negatiewe gevolge vir die motornywerheid in. Aan die positiewe kant moedig dit innovasie in 'n andersins stagnerende industrie aan. Die negatiewe sy hiervan is egter die bedreiging wat dit inhou vir indiensnemingspatrone. Dit mag op die langtermyn lei tot die agteruitgang van formele indiensneming en 'n toename in nie-algemene vorme van werk (bv. tydelike indiensneming en subkontraktering). Hierdie neiging sal posvat namate industriee deur die logika van internasionale mededingenheid gedwing word om te rasionaliseer.

資訊時代下全球化造成了流動空間的出現，亦促進了網絡社會的崛起；其影響不僅擴及政治、社會、經濟層面，更形成了全球犯罪經濟的現象。臺灣境內詐欺犯罪從過去當面直接接觸，轉為透過電信或網路間接接觸的詐騙形式；在政府的全面查緝及兩岸共同打擊犯罪之下，近年來電信詐欺集團呈現向外擴散跨越國境乃至全球的趨勢。此類全球犯罪網絡的相關實證研究至今仍極為缺乏，因此，本研究旨在討論前述犯罪機會、空間分工及社會網絡如何形成跨境電信詐欺犯罪網絡，及其背後的特殊運作機制。 　　經由文獻探討法、現有資料統計分析法及深度訪談18名受訪者（受刑人11名、偵查人員4名、駐外聯絡官3名），本研究發現犯罪機會同時影響空間分工及社會網絡，這三個重要指標亦型塑了跨境電信詐欺的犯罪網絡。詐欺集團利用各類犯罪機會（犯罪者、標的物、監控缺乏及手法工具的聚合，其中監控包含國家、網路與金融管制層面），結合空間移動、分工與第三地機制，社會網絡強弱連帶與第三方機制，形成特殊運作機制，促使詐欺網絡成為無遠弗屆的全球犯罪體系；核心組成員與第三方既是連結也是斷點的關係，更是其中的運作關鍵。透過此種犯罪網絡分析，可深入瞭解全球跨境犯罪的運作概略，進而形成應對防治作法及刑事政策建議。 / In the Information Age, globalization has brought about the emergence of space of flows and the rise of network society. Its influence not only extends to the political, social, and economic levels, but also forms the global criminal economy. In Taiwan, fraud has occurred from direct contact format (such as face-to-face) to indirect ones (such as via telephones and the Internet). Owing to the government's comprehensive investigation and the cross-strait joint criminal judicial co-operation, the telecoms fraud groups recently have traveled across borders and even to the whole world. As the relevant research based on empirical data is scant, this research aims to discuss how criminal opportunities, spatial division of labor, and social networks construct a cross-border telecommunications fraud criminal network and the special operational mechanism behind it. In this research, I reviewed the relevant literature, analyzed empirical data, and then conducted in-depth interviews with 18 respondents which include 11 prisoners, 4 criminal investigators and 3 police liaison officers. It is concluded that criminal opportunities would influence the spatial division of labor and social networks within criminal groups; these three important indicators formulate the criminal network of cross-border telecommunications fraud. A special operational mechanism combining various criminal opportunities (the convergence of offenders, targets, absence of guardians, and means; in which guardians include the level of national, cyber and financial regulations), spatial mobility and division of labor with the third-place mechanism, and strong and weak ties of social networks with the third-person mechanism, transforms fraud networks into a far-reaching global criminal system. The relationship between core group members and the third-person is not only a link but also a breakpoint, and it is undoubtedly the operational key. Ultimately, this research paints a clear picture of the global criminal networks and thus will possibly benefit the development of future criminal prevention and correction policies.

Thèse réalisée en cotutelle avec l'Université catholique de Louvain / Cette thèse en philosophie politique féministe part avant tout d’un constat empirique. Malgré les avancées réalisées depuis les cinquante dernières années au plan de l’égalité des sexes, la division du travail entre les hommes et les femmes, aussi bien sur le marché de l’emploi que dans la famille, perdure toujours dans nos sociétés démocratiques. S’inscrivant dans une perspective résolument féministe, croisant les réflexions contemporaines sur la théorie politique du care et la méthode féministe postmarxiste, cette thèse propose une interprétation plausible de ce clivage. Dans une première partie, l’analyse de deux enjeux d’actualité en matière d’égalité des sexes, le soutien économique aux proches aidantes (chap. 1) et la reconnaissance du travail des mères et des femmes au foyer (chap. 2), me mène à la conclusion préliminaire suivante : malgré les objectifs visés, ces mesures politiques contribuent à enfermer encore davantage les femmes dans des rôles traditionnels. Dans une deuxième partie, je soutiens que ces mesures, ainsi que les approches féministes qui les sous-tendent, découlent elles-mêmes de processus de domination. L’argument avancé comporte quatre volets. J’aborde dans un premier temps les théories politiques du care. En inscrivant la réflexion sur le care dans une perspective politique, et non plus seulement morale, ces théoriciennes adoptent une définition du care comme « activité de soin » et visent à dissocier genre et care. Je suggère que malgré ces objectifs, elles adhèrent toujours à la logique différentialiste qui renforce le lien entre les femmes et le care lorsqu’il s’agit de proposer des politiques en matière d’égalité des sexes (chap. 3). En fait, cette logique différentialiste est intimement liée à la notion qu’elles se font du genre. Leur approche constructionniste, en démarquant le genre construit du sexe biologique, a pour effet de reconfirmer la différence des sexes (chap. 4). Sous ces approches, l’homme demeurant la norme et les femmes étant définies comme différentes, ces dernières intériorisent l’idée d’une « différence » logée en leurs propres corps (chap. 5). J’attire enfin l’attention sur la conception limitée que les théoriciennes se font du care, qu’elles posent comme l’équivalent des soins aux plus faibles (nourrissons, personnes malades, âgées et handicapées). Cette conception réductrice contribue à invisibiliser la plus grande partie du travail réalisé par les femmes dans leur vie quotidienne en soutien à ceux dont la dépendance ne se présente pas sous la forme la plus « extrême » : le care aux indépendants, c’est-à-dire tous les services (domestiques, de soins, reproductifs, sexuels) dévalués par leur principaux bénéficiaires, alors qu’ils constituent au même moment la condition essentielle à leur « indépendance ». Alors que le care aux indépendants demeure invisible, les femmes sont réassignées aux rôles traditionnels et les plus « puissants » continuent de dominer les institutions et le savoir qui porte sur elles. Rendre visible la part la plus « invisibilisée » du care et replacer notre commune vulnérabilité au cœur de la réflexion politique sur la justice représentent les premiers pas à franchir pour s’acheminer vers une société radicalement démocratique, une société libérée de la domination de genre (chap. 6). / The starting point of this thesis in feminist political philosophy is first and foremost a preoccupying empirical record. In spite of all the progress made in the past fifty years in matters of gender equality, the division of labor between men and women, at home as well as in the workplace, still persists in our democratic societies. In line with a decidedly feminist perspective, combining the contemporary reflections on the politics of care and a post-marxist feminist method, this thesis offers a plausible interpretation of this persisting division. In the first part, the analysis of two current gender equality issues, of the financial support to family caregivers (chap. 1) and of the economic recognition of the work done by mothers and housewives (chap. 2), leads me to the following preliminary conclusion: in spite of their goals, these political measures actually contribute to maintain the status quo, indeed, to further confine women to their traditional roles. In a second part, I argue that these measures, as well as the feminist approaches which underlie and support them, are themselves derived from processes of domination. This argument comprises four parts. First, I discuss the political theories of care. In shifting the debate from en ethic to a politic of care, these philosophers both wanted to illustrate the dimension of caring as an activity and to dissociate care from gender. I suggest that in spite of their goals, they still tend to stick to the differentialist logic which strengthens the links between woman and care when they put forward policies on gender equality (chap. 3). This logic of difference is actually closely linked to their notion of gender. Indeed, in distinguishing the socially constructed gender from the biological sex, their constructionist approach has the effect of confirming natural sexual differences (chap. 4). Man still being the norm and woman the «difference» under this view, women come to internalize the idea of a difference located in their own bodies (chap. 5). Finally, I bring to attention the very limited conception of care of these theorists, defined as care for the most vulnerable (infants, the sick, the old and the handicapped persons). This reductive conception actually contributes to invisibilize the largest part of the work done daily by women in support of those whose dependency doesn’t come under the most «extreme» form: the care of independents, that is, all the services (domestic, caring, reproductive and sexual services) devalued by their recipients while they constitute the condition for their «independence». As caring for «independents» remains invisible, women are ascribed to traditional roles and the most «powerful» are free to keep on dominating both institutions and the knowledge produced about it. Making this «invisibilized» part of caring visible, and replacing our common vulnerability at the heart of the political reflection on justice, are the first steps towards a radical democratic society, that is, a society freed from gender domination.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the validity of previous theories concerning women’s access to roles of power within hunter-gatherer societies. This study examines how accurately immanent social identity theory and bifurcated role circumstantiality predict women’s access to the role of healer (shaman) within California hunter-gatherer groups. A sample of 27 California hunter-gatherer groups was analyzed using both qualitative and quantitative methods. Notably, chi-square tests of independence evinced a correlation between men’s and women’s circumstantial labor and observed healer gender. Through the statistical verification of such engendered ideas, this study tests notions concerning the strict binary division of labor and posits that gender may have operated as a role-based identity marker rather than one structured around innate characteristics. This research ultimately provides a better analytical framework from which archaeologists can interpret the past through the use of ethnographic analogies that are more inclusive of gender-enriched methodologies. / Includes bibliography. / Thesis (M.A.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2016. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection