Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-04T21:16:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 24 / Nenhuma / Essa tese teve o propósito de realizar um estudo sob o ponto de vista educativo com base no processo de trabalho cooperativo entre mulheres artesãs vinculadas à Cooperativa Regional do Sul (Coopresul) na cidade de Pelotas, no estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. A proposta foi abordar as trajetórias de vida de algumas mulheres artesãs, abarcando especialmente suas vivências no mundo do trabalho. Dessa forma, essa investigação se propôs a contribuir com a produção teórica do mundo do trabalho e da educação, incorporando vivências de artesãs organizadas em uma cooperativa. Procuramos dialogar com as vivências das mulheres artesãs por meio de um referencial teórico que aborda suas experiências, contribuindo, assim, para a reflexão sobre as trajetórias femininas. Sendo assim, a teoria feminista (tendo como principais referenciais as obras de Marcela Lagarde, Michelle Perrot e Heleieth Saffioti) e a economia solidária foram parceiras nesse percurso. A metodologia utilizada nessa investigação teve como pano de fund

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T17:27:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Roberto Ribeiro de Almeida.pdf: 784507 bytes, checksum: 925dd0117df252aac1730c1a839605bf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-05-18 / This dissertation intends to further study the phenomenon of reification and its relation to the category Totality, outlining the approach in the light of the concepts outlined in History and Class Consciousness (1923) by György Lukács, prepared by collection of literature, architected to point the effects of commodity fetishism as a mediator of social relations (reification), constitutes a specific reality and seemingly insurmountable to those who live under modern capitalism. With the homogenization of the capitalist mode of production, under the aegis of increasing specialization and rationalization of the mechanized work process, mankind has been organized to produce and meet their needs through the exchange of goods, placing individuals, who have to relate to things, a state of confrontation and contemplation of its activities. This research presents the views and vicissitudes of a work in context, the heart of which was to show that the unveiling of the ways the structure of the commodity fetish, the proletarian cause, the consciousness of their class condition, from which it could grasp the whole historical of social reality, the question of the party as mediator of active consciousness, and thereby establish benchmarks legitimate revolutionary action, beyond the reified conceptions of social transformation, and thus, says Lukacs, lead humanity to a higher step of its development, with ownership and conscious control of production, which is possible only with the abolition of the capitalist mode of production / A presente dissertação pretende aprofundar os estudos do fenômeno da Reificação e sua relação com a categoria Totalidade, delimitando a abordagem à luz das concepções esboçadas em História e Consciência de Classe (1923) de György Lukács, elaborada mediante coletânea de pesquisa bibliográfica, arquitetada para apontar os efeitos decorrentes do fetichismo da mercadoria como mediadora das relações sociais (coisificação), constitui uma realidade específica e aparentemente intransponível para quem vive sob capitalismo moderno. Com a homogeneização do modo de produção capitalista, sob a égide da crescente especialização e da racionalização mecanizada do processo de trabalho, a humanidade foi organizada para produzir e satisfazer suas necessidades mediante o intercâmbio de mercadorias, colocando os indivíduos, que passaram a se relacionar como coisas, numa condição de enfrentamento e contemplação de suas atividades. A presente pesquisa traz as concepções e vicissitudes de uma obra em contexto, cujo cerne era mostrar que o desvelamento das formas fetichistas da estrutura da mercadoria, causaria ao proletário, a consciência de sua condição de classe, a partir da qual poderia apreender a totalidade histórica da realidade social, a questão do partido como mediador dessa consciência ativa, e com isso estabelecer referenciais legítimos de uma ação revolucionária, para além das concepções reificadas de transformação social, e com isso, como diz Lukács, conduzir a humanidade a uma etapa mais elevada do seu desenvolvimento, com a apropriação e controle consciente da produção, que somente será possível com a abolição do modo de produção capitalista

Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-12T14:41:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_Leandro_Daneluz_Goncalves.pdf: 2879138 bytes, checksum: f4d3ffa09fb7d5175f4f3d6f80334fb7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-01 / This research is about the peasant labor in "May 16" settlement located in the municipality of Ramilândia / PR. This settlement was the result of the struggles undertaken by landless to acquire its territory, such cases are very common in Brazil. The conflicts of interest occur between landowners and/or capitalists and landless peasants, through the struggles and resistance, gradually the landless peasants get the consolidation and conquest of a settlement. In the settlement, the landless construct and reconstruct their condition of peasants, which highlights the work relationships within the family production. Although the work peasant is subordinate to capital, it has characteristics which differ from that done by workers in a factory, for example. It also differs workers that keep poor relations, typical of a flexible capital accumulation. Thus, the work presents peasant features non-capitalist, although serving and is inserted into the overall process of capitalist accumulation. The division of labor, time control, mutual help, payment for work, solidarity work , reciprocity, exchange of operational days inside of peasant production unit, in this case the "May 16" settlement, are features that work in non-capitalist peasant stands. / Esta pesquisa trata do trabalho dos camponeses no assentamento 16 de Maio no município de Ramilândia/PR. Este assentamento surgiu como resultado das lutas realizadas pelos sem-terra para conquistar seu território, aliás, as lutas camponesas se constituem numa das principais características do campo brasileiro. Resultante do processo de enfrentamentos com os proprietários de terra e capitalistas, os camponeses sem-terra, por meio de suas lutas e resistências, vão conseguindo algum resultado em seu favor que se materializam, sobretudo, na conquista da terra de assentamento. No assentamento, os sem-terra constroem e reconstroem a sua condição de camponeses na qual se destacam as relações de trabalho assentadas no núcleo familiar de produção. Mesmo considerando que o trabalho dos camponeses está subordinado ao capital, este apresenta características que o difere daquele realizado por operários de uma fábrica, por exemplo. Difere também dos trabalhadores que mantém relações precárias, típicas de uma acumulação flexível de capital. Assim, o trabalho dos camponeses apresenta características não-capitalistas, embora sirva e esteja inserido no processo geral da acumulação capitalista. A divisão do trabalho, controle do tempo, ajuda mútua, pagamento em trabalho, trabalho comunitário e solidário, reciprocidade, troca de dias de serviço no interior da unidade produtiva camponesa, neste caso no assentamento 16 de Maio , são algumas características que se destacam no trabalho não-capitalista camponês.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T17:30:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_Leandro_Daneluz_Goncalves.pdf: 2879138 bytes, checksum: f4d3ffa09fb7d5175f4f3d6f80334fb7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-01 / This research is about the peasant labor in "May 16" settlement located in the municipality of Ramilândia / PR. This settlement was the result of the struggles undertaken by landless to acquire its territory, such cases are very common in Brazil. The conflicts of interest occur between landowners and/or capitalists and landless peasants, through the struggles and resistance, gradually the landless peasants get the consolidation and conquest of a settlement. In the settlement, the landless construct and reconstruct their condition of peasants, which highlights the work relationships within the family production. Although the work peasant is subordinate to capital, it has characteristics which differ from that done by workers in a factory, for example. It also differs workers that keep poor relations, typical of a flexible capital accumulation. Thus, the work presents peasant features non-capitalist, although serving and is inserted into the overall process of capitalist accumulation. The division of labor, time control, mutual help, payment for work, solidarity work , reciprocity, exchange of operational days inside of peasant production unit, in this case the "May 16" settlement, are features that work in non-capitalist peasant stands. / Esta pesquisa trata do trabalho dos camponeses no assentamento 16 de Maio no município de Ramilândia/PR. Este assentamento surgiu como resultado das lutas realizadas pelos sem-terra para conquistar seu território, aliás, as lutas camponesas se constituem numa das principais características do campo brasileiro. Resultante do processo de enfrentamentos com os proprietários de terra e capitalistas, os camponeses sem-terra, por meio de suas lutas e resistências, vão conseguindo algum resultado em seu favor que se materializam, sobretudo, na conquista da terra de assentamento. No assentamento, os sem-terra constroem e reconstroem a sua condição de camponeses na qual se destacam as relações de trabalho assentadas no núcleo familiar de produção. Mesmo considerando que o trabalho dos camponeses está subordinado ao capital, este apresenta características que o difere daquele realizado por operários de uma fábrica, por exemplo. Difere também dos trabalhadores que mantém relações precárias, típicas de uma acumulação flexível de capital. Assim, o trabalho dos camponeses apresenta características não-capitalistas, embora sirva e esteja inserido no processo geral da acumulação capitalista. A divisão do trabalho, controle do tempo, ajuda mútua, pagamento em trabalho, trabalho comunitário e solidário, reciprocidade, troca de dias de serviço no interior da unidade produtiva camponesa, neste caso no assentamento 16 de Maio , são algumas características que se destacam no trabalho não-capitalista camponês.

Activities and production among ethnographic Arctic peoples were primarily divided by gender. This gendered division of labor also extended to a spatial segregated pattern of the household in some Arctic cultures. Other cultures had a more gender-integrated spatial pattern of the household. There have been very few archaeological studies of gender in the Arctic, and even fewer studies of gendered use of space. In this thesis, I evaluated the existence of this gendered use of space in pre-contact Northwest Alaska. I also evaluated the existence of discrete activity spaces. I drew from both ethnoarchaeology and gender/feminist archaeology to both construct my hypotheses and interpret my results. I used ceramics, which were likely primarily made by and used by women, as a proxy for women's movement within the house. Ceramics are abundant and well-preserved in many Northwestern Alaskan sites, and are well suited for a robust spatial analysis. In addition to ceramics, I also evaluated the spatial density of other female artifacts, like ulus or scrapers, and male artifacts, like harpoon points or adzes, in order to further test the existence of gender specific use of space. I tested this using the HDBSCAN (Hierarchical Density Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise) algorithm in Python, a programming language. HDBSCAN identifies discrete clusters of artifacts, as well as the persistence, or stability, of the cluster. Birnirk and Thule era (1300-150 BP) house features from Cape Espenberg, Alaska, were used to test these expectations. Based on the results of my spatial analysis, I did not find any evidence of gender specific use of space, nor did I find specific activity areas within the house. My findings are not necessarily an indication that gender-segregated use of space does not exist among pre-contact Northwest Alaskan people: I just did not find evidence supporting it. This could be, in part, due to issues of sample size, house size, and the role of secondary and post deposition processes in shaping the ceramic assemblage and distribution. While ceramics did cluster, they mostly clustered in the entrance tunnel of the house. This is likely the result of cleaning, storage, or other depositional processes. When ceramics did cluster in the main rooms, clustering was idiosyncratic. Male and female artifacts were not spatially segregated. Female artifacts were slightly more likely to cluster than male artifacts. Both sets of artifacts were generally in the same area as the ceramic clusters. While this study did not find evidence of gendered use of space, it still is an important contribution of addressing questions of gender in the Arctic. In addition, it is a valuable methodological contribution, using a clustering algorithm that previously has not been frequently used by archaeologists.

Work and its effect on women’s empowerment and gender equality has been a long, on-going debate since the middle of the 20th century – not at least in development contexts, where women have been recognized to play a crucial role. The discussion has moved from only emphasizing women’s participation in the labor market, to also stress the need to recognize and value the unpaid, domestic work that women perform every day. Many feminist scholars have witnessed how the neglecting of housework and childcare has left women with a double burden, since men’s responsibility in the family and household has been rather stagnant. Therefore, by interviewing 17 married, self-employed women in Kampala, Uganda, this study explores women’s reasons and experiences of organizing reproductive and productive labor, and their solutions for balancing the two working domains. Many scholars draw upon norms, attitudes and traditions, when explaining the gendered division of labor. This study shall argue too that it is indeed gender stereotypical perceptions that maintain the gendered patterns of reproductive labor. However, the results also point to a material, income-related dimension of gender equality – in a context where income is often a determinant of the woman’s workload within the household.

Bibliography: leaves 438-482 / vii, 482 leaves ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Asian Studies, 1994

<p>Division of labor and division of knowledge are so important andcommon in society today that it is almost impossible to imagine asociety where everyone knows the same things and perform the sametasks. This would be a society where everyone grows, or gathers, andprepares their own food, makes their own tools, builds their ownhouse, and so on.</p><p>Cultural evolution is the field of research that studies the creationand diffusion of ideas and societies. It is very uncommon for thesestudies to take into account the effects of specialization. Thisthesis will show that specialization is of great importance tocultural evolution.</p><p>The thesis is divided into three parts: one introduction and two papers. The introduction covers the mathematical models used byeconomists to study the relation between the market and division oflabor. The first paper is an interdisciplinary survey of the researchon division of labor and specialization, including both theoretic andempirical studies. The second paper is a mathematical model of howspecialization of knowledge (i.e. higher education) leads to socialstratification. The model is tested against statistical data fromseveral countries and found to be a good predictor of the differencesin income between people of high and low education.</p>

The researcher 1) explored Thai employed wives' perceived fairness in the division of household labor and child care, 2) investigated factors determining Thai's working wives' perception of fairness in the division of household labor and child care, and 3) developed a model of the determinants of wives' perceived fairness in the division of household labor and child care. In the model above, relationships were explored between perceived fairness and twenty independent variables. The data are based on a survey administered to 600 employed wives from three different kinds of workplaces in Bangkok, Thailand: Government sector (n=214), quasi-government sector (n=191) and private sector (n=195). Employed wives were recruited by purposive sampling from each workplace. In addition qualitative interviews were used with a convenience sample of 30 employed wives selected by purposive sampling from the large sample of 600. The interview data suggest explanations for wives' perceived fairness in the division of household labor and child care. Stepwise multiple regression was used to develop a model of the determinants predicting wives' perceived fairness in the division of household labor and child care. Findings are that perceived fairness was positively correlated with feeling appreciated, marital happiness, within-gender comparisons, spending time together, work hours/day, family harmony, and wife's ascription to traditional women's roles; but was negatively correlated with wife's value of housework and men's incompetence at housework. The results of the stepwise multiple regression on perceived fairness of the division of household labor indicated that only 9 of 20 independent variables (predictors) enter the regression model at the .05 level of significance or above, accounting for 32% of the variability. The overall relationship of all predictors to perceived fairness was fairly high. Feeling appreciated is the best predictor, followed by marital happiness, within-gender comparison, wife's value of housework, spending time together, work hours/day of wife, family harmony, wife's ascription of women's roles, and men incompetence at housework. The interview data also support the survey data in that outcome value influence wives' perceived fairness. Wives value several outcomes in doing household work and child care. Comparison referents and justifications are another mechanisms that influence wives' perceived fairness. Most wives use several standards when they evaluate fairness, and also use many reasons to justify lower participation of their husbands. Even though gender ideology as measured, in the survey data, does not contribute much to wives' perceived fairness, the interview data strongly suggest that traditional values and culture in Thai society influence and guide wives' choices of comparison referents and justifications to accept the unbalanced of division of labor as fair for them. Both data sets reinforce that wives' perceived fairness is a result of subjective perception, influenced by emotional needs of wives. The study confirms that outcome values, comparison referents and justifications, along with marital happiness and spending time together with husbands all play important roles in explaining wives' perceived fairness. Results are discussed in terms of the relationship between possible determinants and wives' perceived fairness in the division of household labor and child care. In additions, implications for future research, policy, and education/training are discussed. / Graduation date: 2001

Thirty households were randomly selected to examine intra-household gender differentials in work roles and distribution of resources, between adult men and women, and boys and girls. Work related activities were assessed by time used in agricultural work, household work, and income generating work. Distribution of resources was assessed by expenses on clothing, education, and medical care. A significant difference was found in the amount of time spent in agricultural work by men and women, with women contributing more. Women were also found to contribute significantly more time in household work. In income generating activities, men were found to spend significantly more time than women. However, in the total time spent in work related activities, women spent significantly more time than men. The difference in the amount of money spent on clothing for men and women was found to be significant, with men receiving the larger share. The difference in medical care expenses between men and women was not significant. However, directional difference showed that women received less. Although, no meaningful analyses of children could be performed because of sample restrictions, the regression results showed women contributed significantly more than men, and girls contributed significantly more than boys in agricultural work. Similarly, women and girls contributed significantly more time than men and boys in the household work. The regression results also showed that men and boys received significantly more money for clothing than women and girls, and boys received significantly more money for education than girls. Similarly, men and boys received significantly more money for medical care than women and girls. / Graduation date: 1998