[pt] A presente dissertação analisa de que forma o cenário político e sociocultural instaurado a partir das redefinições dos direitos trabalhistas do emprego doméstico foi refletido no contexto ficcional por meio de suas representações. Para tal, a telenovela Cheias de Charme (2012) foi escolhida como objeto de estudo por ter sido exibida durante esse cenário de mudanças trabalhistas e figurar como a primeira novela brasileira da Rede Globo que a trama principal tratava-se do emprego doméstico. Nessa dissertação pretendemos observar a telenovela como um espaço de memória documental e coletiva, por sua preservação física como produto audiovisual, por ser tratar de uma narrativa vinculada ao presente que retrata e por partilhar saberes para um público geral. Desta forma, buscamos perceber como foi retratada os personagens patroa e empregada doméstica, dando ênfase nos marcadores (racial, social e sexual) que perpassam essa trabalhadora; os conflitos despontados no contexto representado, no qual havia uma possibilidade de ascensão social, especialmente por meio de uma análise dos capítulos e dos elementos presentes na novela; e a relação da novela com outros produtos midiáticos. / [en] The present thesis is the result of a research about the political and sociocultural scene instated since the redefinitions of labor rights regarding domestic employment and its representation in the fictional context. For this purpose, the soap opera Cheias de Charme (2012) was chosen as object of study because it was displayed during this moment of changing labor rights and also because the first soap opera aired by Rede Globo which main plot revolved around domestic work. We have observed this soap opera as a space of documental and collective memory due to its physycal preservation as an audiovisual product. Its narrative is tied to the present, which portrays and shares knowledge targeted at a general audience. Therefore, we aimed to analyze the construction of the characters of the patroa (the owner of the house) and the empreguete (the domestic worker), emphasizing (racial, social and sexual) markers socially associated o those identities and the conflicts emerging from the represented context, in which there was a possibility of social ascension, particularly through the analysis of episodes and elements found in the whole plot. Finally, we have traced relations between this soap opera and other audiovisual products.

Submitted by Ana Carla Almeida (ana.almeida@ucsal.br) on 2016-09-22T18:16:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO PRONTA BROCHURAR COMPLETA COM FICHA CATALOGRAFICA E TERMO DE APROVAÇÃO.(1).pdf: 1695298 bytes, checksum: bb62d1b0c6da6c52379465f25a9123b6 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Emília Carvalho Ribeiro (maria.ribeiro@ucsal.br) on 2016-09-22T22:28:35Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO PRONTA BROCHURAR COMPLETA COM FICHA CATALOGRAFICA E TERMO DE APROVAÇÃO.(1).pdf: 1695298 bytes, checksum: bb62d1b0c6da6c52379465f25a9123b6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-22T22:28:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO PRONTA BROCHURAR COMPLETA COM FICHA CATALOGRAFICA E TERMO DE APROVAÇÃO.(1).pdf: 1695298 bytes, checksum: bb62d1b0c6da6c52379465f25a9123b6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-04 / Esta Dissertação analisa a luta das trabalhadoras domésticas pela obtenção dos mesmos direitos e garantias dos demais trabalhadores, definidos para as outras classes de trabalhadores que também exercem atividade profissional remunerada. Discute, também, a promulgação da Emenda Constitucional 72/2013 e a não equiparação entre empregados domésticos e não domésticos. Portanto, o objetivo é analisar o processo de valorização dos trabalhadores domésticos no Brasil, confrontando o estabelecimento e o cumprimento de normas legais com abertura de prerrogativas que culminam com a manutenção da desigualdade entre esses trabalhadores. Para isso, faz-se necessário um levantamento histórico associado às normas regulamentares, atentando para a conscientização e para o surgimento de novas posturas nas relações entre patrão e empregado doméstico, bem como para os entraves na prática das novas regras, os quais ferem um dos princípios da Constituição Federal que é a preservação da dignidade humana. A pesquisa foi dividida em quatro partes. A primeira seção examina a identificação conceitual dos empregados domésticos e os condicionantes que permitem o reconhecimento para classificação e enquadramento do grupo, bem como a evolução histórica do trabalho doméstico no Brasil e, ainda, traz os direitos contemplados e os não concedidos com a Emenda Constitucional nº72/2013. A segunda seção descreve a evolução histórica da classe trabalhadora dos empregados domésticos na Argentina, seus decretos leis e a nova lei que regula esses trabalhadores. A terceira retoma a discussão sobre a valorização profissional desse grupo e sobre o apoio da Organização Internacional do Trabalho e sua convenção 189, trabalhando com a importância e a dignidade desses empregados, assim como biografias e histórias de vida de mulheres ativistas à causa. / In this dissertation we analyze the struggle of domestic workers to obtaining the same rights and guarantees defined for other classes of workers that also perform paid professional activity. We discuss the proclamation of Constitutional Amendment n. 72/2013 and the no equivalence between domestic and non-domestic employees. Thus, the aim is to analyze the process of valuation of domestic workers in Brazil, confronting the establishment and enforcement of legal regulations with opening prerogatives that culminate with the maintenance of inequality among these workers. For this, a historical survey of the regulations is necessary, attempting to achieve awareness and the emergence of new attitudes in the relationship between employer and domestic worker as well as the barriers in the practice of the new rules, hurting one of the principles of the Federal Constitution which is the preservation of human dignity. The research was divided into four parts. The first chapter examines the conceptual identification of domestic workers and the conditions that allow recognition for classification and framing the group as well as the historical evolution of domestic work in Brazil and also it brings the contemplated rights and the ones not established on the Constitutional Amendment n. 72/2013. The second chapter describes the historical development of the working class of domestic workers in Argentina, its law enactment and the new law regulating these workers. The third chapter recaptures the discussion on the professional development of this group with the support of the International Labour Organization (ILO) and its Convention 189 working with the importance and dignity of these employees, as well as biographies and life-history of women activists to the cause.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-07T14:27:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1013500 bytes, checksum: 67f635b15088a944c93e07aeeea99882 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-24 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The domestic workers are marked by the social segregation, which has followed them since their origin, which is, slavery. It is noticeable that the social alternatives propitiated them gradual conquer of freedom, which in order to be in effect demands promotion of substantial equality. The conjunction of the preservation of the principles of freedom and equality, understood in its integral dimensions, will result in the personal development of the individual, which will turn into the builder agent of the society to the extent in which it will acquire potentiality. Next, the development of the human being collaborates for the well being of others, desideratum of the Federal Constitution. In the elapse of the study, it will be found that the Principle of Dignity of the Human Being is operated as a matrix and as the goal of the whole Constitution. Therefore, collimating the Constitution, the dignified labor comes up as a preponderant factor, urging on the ruling of diverse supranational debates. Suggesting the necessity to guarantee the domestic workers a decent labor, tuned with the values referenced in the Human Rights, the OIT launched a proposal at the Convention N. 189 of the OIT, of matching the rights of the domestic workers to the ones already granted to other categories of workers. With the approval of this proposal, the PEC N. 478/2010 made a comeback and already follows its ordinary legislative process to the Senate. It is noted that the proposal mentioned in PEC N. 478/2010 converges with the one already listed by the Convention N 189 of OIT. The scope of this paper is to demonstrate the feasibility of access of Brazil to the alluded proposals, utilizing historic, statistical, doctrinal and legal fundamentals, especially the standards inserted inside the Magna Carta. / Os trabalhadores domésticos são marcados pela segregação social que lhes acompanha desde sua origem, qual seja, a escravidão. Percebe-se que as vicissitudes sociais propiciaram-lhes gradativa conquista de liberdade, que para ser efetivada demanda a promoção da igualdade substancial. A conjugação da preservação dos princípios da liberdade e da igualdade, compreendidos estes em suas integrais dimensões, resultará no desenvolvimento pessoal do indivíduo, que, por sua vez, torna-se agente edificador da sociedade na medida em que adquire potencialidade. Logo, o desenvolvimento da pessoa humana colabora para o bem comum, desiderato da Constituição Federal. Nesse quadro indubitavelmente deve inserir-se o trabalhador doméstico. No decorrer do estudo demonstrar-se-á que o princípio da dignidade da pessoa humana opera como matriz e finalidade de todo o texto constitucional, projetando-se como apanágio de efetividade da cidadania. O trabalho digno, por sua vez, exsurge como valor constitucional preponderante, instigando a pauta de diversos debates supranacionais. Aventando a necessidade de se garantir aos trabalhadores domésticos um labor decente, sintonizado com os valores-referências dos direitos humanos, a OIT editou a Convenção nº 189 com escopo de promover a equiparação dos direitos dos trabalhadores domésticos aos já concedidos às outras categorias trabalhistas. Na esteira da aprovação da citada Convenção nº 189, a PEC nº 478/2010 alcançou o merecido fôlego e segue a passos largos para aprovação, com trâmite legislativo ordinário já no Senado da República. O presente trabalho objetiva demonstrar amiúde a viabilidade de adesão do Brasil àquela norma convencional e a utilidade socioeconômica que a aprovação da PEC nº 478/2010 proporcionará no contexto da evolução da cidadania dos trabalhadores domésticos. Fundamentos históricos, estatísticos, doutrinários, constitucionais, legais e mesmo filosóficos são alçados para revelar a viabilidade das concepções que se lastreiam nesse particular.

This study focuses on exploring the relationship between domestic workers and the children they help to raise from the child’s perspective, using attachment theory (Bowlby, 1988) and psychoanalytic theory (referring specifically to Klein (1952) and Fairbairn (1952/2006) as some theoretical bases). Also, the concepts of the social unconscious (Weinberg, 2007) and social ghosts (Gergen, 2000) are used to provide a link to the relationship having social implications and functions in the South African context. All theories were used in an anti-essentialistic, reflexive and heuristic way, without reification or objectification of the various terms and concepts within the theories. Also, the paradigmatic point of departure for this research is postmodernism (Apignanesi, Sadar, Curry&Garrat, 2003), focusing on the contextual and socially constructed view of knowledge production. From this point of departure, the methodology is qualitative and the research design autoethnographic (Bochner, 1997; Ellis 1998; 2000; Muncey, 2005; Holman Jones, 2005). My own story is presented where I have used various data sources such as my own memories, a letter (Babbie&Mouton, 2008), and photographs which were analysed according to the principles of visual narrative analysis found in Riessman (2008) primarily. Further data was collected through the use of two radio talk shows, where participants were invited to share their stories with regard to being raised by a domestic worker. This data was analysed using thematic narrative analysis (Riessman, 2008), in which the narratives (kept as whole as possible) were analysed, each case in turn, using themes from the narratives themselves and deductive psychoanalytic themes. Some of the themes elicited were possession (where charges felt in possession of their domestic worker), absence (in relation to the child’s biological mother experienced both by domestic workers biological children and the domestic workers charges), loss (especially in relation to a caregiver), the male caregiver (a paternal figure to his charges), the politicisation of the relationship (the relationship between domestic worker and charge as product of a political system), reconciliation and action (a call for empathy and change), and an intertwining of cultures (where black and white, male and female, rich and poor exist inextricably linked with one another as a product of segregation). I have also maintained a consistent critical and reflexive stance throughout. In conclusion I have presented the contribution of this work to social science and society. Similarly, some limitations of this study are presented, as well as directions for further research. Copyright / Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Psychology / unrestricted

The practice of paying non-household members to do the reproductive labour of looking after children has a long history. The nanny phenomenon is closely allied to colonialism where servants administered ruling class needs. In South Africa, nannies are most often historically disenfranchised, working class, black woman. Beginning with Freud’s self analytic considerations of his kinderfraü, through the post war British object-relations tradition, scholarly reflection and later empirical research, have at best been anecdotal or en passant. The present study specifically concerned white apartheid-era men’s memories and subsequent appropriation of the experiences of being cared for by a nanny. Having a theoretical home between narrative and psychoanalysis, it began with the assumption that as much as there are deeply rooted unconscious motives and conflicts, white apartheid-era men demonstrate identity strategies which are intensely local (situationally realised) and global (dependent on broader conditions of intelligibility). In-depth interviews with nine research participants extended Frosh et als’ (2002), Hollway’s (1989) and Hollway and Jefferson’s (1997; 2000; 2001) “free association narrative technique”. The data was analysed in its thematic and narrative aspects. Results revealed that nanny memories comprise two distinct kinds of stories, dubbed “remembered black hands” and “kaffir se plek” narratives. In “remembered black hands”, recollections were imbued with tenderness, love and care; these were heart-warming stories of what it was to be the object of nanny’s ministrations. In these accounts they affirmed the importance of nanny’s place in the home: be it in daily care, as an ally, a retreat, a player in the family drama, even imbricated in their childhood sexuality. In “kaffir se plek” narratives the protagonists were situated in social space, recognised and granted identity. There were canonical imperatives to accept that nanny’s personhood counted for nothing, that she was dispensable and that she had a distinct, lesser place in the social order. The co-existence of these competing stories signify her position at a rupture in the fabric of apartheid life. Participants’ resolutions to this anomaly entailed compromise formations, the specific forms of which were considered. Kristeva’s reconsideration of the diachronic relation of the Lacanian registers of Imaginary and the Symbolic in the light of abjection provided a developmental framework to understand how the little boy’s early intimacy could be transformed into his later assumption of his master’s mantle. Where the extant literature is willing to concede that nanny exists screened behind parental imagos, the present investigation takes this further suggesting that repression, screen memories and “eclipsing” (Hardin, 1985) are an inevitable means of accession to political subjectivity. Results suggest that for those who would have been cared for by a nanny there are traces of this experience to be found in memory, the unconscious and their very sense of self. Nanny’s continued existence in the minds of her charge takes various forms - as (usually fond) memories, a real relationship or as a symptom. / Thesis (PhD (Psychology))--University of Pretoria, 2005. / Psychology / unrestricted

Le Programme des aides familiales résidantes (PAFR) a été en vigueur de 1992 jusqu’au 30 novembre 2014. Il s’agit d’un programme fédéral canadien par lequel des femmes originaires des Philippines en majorité et ayant obtenu un diplôme d’études postsecondaires migraient partout au Canada. Sous ce programme, celles-ci se retrouvaient avec un statut de migrante temporaire. Elles avaient la possibilité d’obtenir leur résidence permanente après avoir complété 24 mois de travail en tant qu’aides familiales. Elles devaient travailler au domicile privé d’un employeur dont le nom était inscrit sur leur permis de travail, chez qui elles avaient aussi l’obligation de résidence. En travaillant en tant qu’aides familiales résidantes, ces femmes étaient et sont toujours placées dans une situation de déqualification professionnelle inévitable qui semble se prolonger à long terme. Cette situation est notamment attribuable à la non-reconnaissance de leurs qualifications étrangères ainsi qu’à la structure du PAFR. Cette recherche porte donc sur le parcours de requalification professionnelle de ces migrantes, que certaines utilisent comme stratégie pour remédier à cette situation. En plus de s’intéresser à leur période de travail en tant qu’aides familiales résidantes, cette recherche étudie le parcours de requalification professionnelle en quatre étapes : la décision de participer à la formation ; le choix de l’orientation professionnelle ; le déroulement des études ; l’accès à un emploi correspondant à la formation. L’objectif est de connaître l’impact qu’aura le passage de celles-ci par le PAFR, sur leur parcours de requalification. Les résultats obtenus à l’aide de onze entretiens semi-dirigés, avec des femmes étant venues à Montréal par le programme, montrent qu’à long terme, le diplôme obtenu localement peut améliorer une situation professionnelle, mais ce n’est pas une garantie. Des obstacles comme l’isolement ainsi que l’impossibilité pour ces femmes de se construire un capital financier et social persistent et affectent toutes celles ayant migré sous le programme, qu’elles aient fait un retour aux études ou non. / The Live-in caregiver program was in place from 1992 until November 30st 2014. The program is a Canadian federal program whereby women native mainly from the Philippines and who have obtained a post-secondary degree, have migrated across Canada. Under this program, they were granted with the temporary migrants status. They had the possibility of a permanent residency after having completed 24 months of employment as a caregiver. They had to work at a private residency where the name of the employer was indicated on their work permit, where they were required to live. By working as a caregiver, these women were and are always placed in a situation of professional deskilling that seems to extend in long-term. This situation is due partly to the non-recognition of their foreign qualifications and LCP structure. This research therefore focuses on the course of professional requalification of these migrants, that some of them use as a strategy to remedy to the situation. In addition to looking at the period of work as live-in caregivers, this research studies the course of their professional requalification in four stages: decision to undergo training, career choices, training process and access to employment related to that training. The objective of this research is to explore the impact that their path under the LCP will have on the course of their professional requalification. The results obtained from interviews with women having come to Montreal by the program indicate that in the long term, the degree obtained locally can improve their professional situation, but it’s not a guarantee. Obstacles like the isolation created by the LCP and the impossibility for these women to build financial and social capital, affect all of these women, women who have returned to studies and those who have not.