The objective of these studies was to develop near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy calibration equations from diet-fecal pair datasets to predict the diet quality and intake of donkeys. One hundred-forty diet-fecal pair samples were generated from two independent in vivo feeding trials conducted in the United States (N = 100) and Africa (N = 40). At each site, ten female donkeys were fed mixed diets blended from 25 forage and crop residues. The modified partial least square model (MPLS) was used to develop calibration equations for crude protein (CP), digestible organic matter (DOM), dry matter digestibility (DDM) and organic matter digestibility (OMD), for the US, Africa and US/Africa combined datasets, and dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) intake calibrations from the US datasets. Crude protein (CP) equations were developed with standard error of calibration (SEC) < 1.0 and coefficient of determination (R2) > 0.90, (SEL = 0.5). The US, US/Africa and Africa CP equations had SEC value of 0.77, 0.97 and 0.88 with corresponding R2 of 0.97, 0.95 and 0.88, respectively. Validation of the US CP equation resulted in a standard error of prediction (SEP) of 1.79 with corresponding coefficient of correlation (r2) of 0.82 and slope of 0.84 indicating high accuracy of prediction. In vivo derived DOM equations were also developed for the US, Africa and US/Africa datasets with SEC values of 2.58, 4.91 and 3.52, and R2 of 0.60, 0.81 and 0.84, respectively. In addition, the SEC and R2 values were 3.25 and 0.72 for US OMD, 3.28 and 0.79 for US DDM, and 4.2 and 0.85 for US/Africa OMD, and 4.3 and 0.87 for US/Africa DDM equation, respectively. Calibration equations for predicting DMI and OMI have resulted in SEC values of 3.45 and 3.21 (g/kgw0.75) and R2 values of 0.89 and 0.84, respectively. The present study explored the relationship between DMI and diet quality attributes. Crude protein and digestible organic matter to crude protein ration (DOM/CP) with r2 values of 0.60 and 0.39, respectively, have shown good correlations with intake. The present studies have confirmed the potential for the fecal NIRS profiling for predicting CP, DOM, DDM, OMD, DMI and OMI of donkeys. Both calibration and validation results have indicated that the present donkey equations were comparable to previously developed equations for ruminants; they have the capability for accurate prediction of diet quality and intake, and can be a useful tool for monitoring the nutritional well-being of donkeys with acceptable accuracy. Research works to further expand the present calibration equations with additional diet-fecal samples particularly from Africa that did not meet the required accuracy level is recommended.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-27T18:26:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-10-02. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2018-07-27T18:30:22Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000866940.pdf: 700747 bytes, checksum: 6db0bad383acb05686e302f4f09fb4d7 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar se a adição do plasma seminal autólogo ao sêmen criopreservado de jumentos, aliado a lavagem uterina pós-inseminação artificial influencia nos índices de fertilidade em jumentas. Para isso, dois experimentos foram realizados: No experimento I foram analisados os parâmetros de cinética espermática pelo método computer assisted sperm analysis (CASA), análise da integridade de membrana plasmática e acrossomal (MPAI), peroxidação lipídica (PERO) e teor de espécie reativa de oxigênio intracelular (EROS) pela técnica de citometria de fluxo, de 15 ejaculados de 3 jumentos, diluídos em INRA-96®(IC - INRA, IMV Technologies, France) - Rota et al., (2012) ou em BotuCrio® (BC - Botupharma, Botucatu, Brasil), com e sem adição de plasma seminal (PS) após a descongelação. Os resultados do CASA foram semelhantes para os 2 diluentes (P>0,05), no entanto o BC proporcionou uma maior integridade de MPAI além da PERO menor que o IC, resultando em menor EROS (P<0,05). A adição do PS reduziu os parâmetros do CASA (p<0,05), porém sem ação na MPAI e PERO (p>0,05). No experimento II, avaliou-se a influência da adição do PS autólogo na pós-descongelação e sua associação à lavagem uterina (L) pós-inseminação artificial (IA), na fertilidade de jumentas. Foram utilizados 86 ciclos de 33 jumentas, divididas em 8 grupos: G1) BC + PS + L e G2) IC + PS + L foram testados mediante inseminações em 14 ciclos cada; G3) BC + L e G4) IC + L foram testadas em 11 ciclos cada, todas as L foram feitas 10 horas após a IA; G5) BC + PS e G6) IC + PS foram empregados em 8 ciclos cada, e o G7) BC e G8) IC foram avaliados em 10 ciclos cada. Verificou-se que o PS não influiu na fertilidade de jumentas (p = 0,6582) contudo a L,10 h pós-IA, interferiu positivamente na taxa de prenhez (p = 0,0097) elevando de 0% (G7 e G8) para 42,9% (G1 e G2) / The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the addition of autologous seminal plasma to frozen donkey semen, coupled uterine flushing after artificial insemination influence on fertility rates in jennies. Two experiments were conducted: experiment I, the parameters of sperm kinetics were analyzed by using computer assisted sperm analysis (CASA), analysis of plasma membrane integrity and acrosome (MPAI), lipid peroxidation (PERO) and reactive species content intracellular oxygen (ROS) by the technique of flow cytometry, 15 ejaculated 3 donkeys, diluted in INRA-96® (IC - INRA, IMV Technologies, France) -. Rota et al, (2012) or BotuCrio® (BC - Botupharma, Botucatu, Brazil), with and without addition of seminal plasma (SP) after thawing. The results were similar for CASA to 2 extenders (P> 0.05), however BC provided greater MPAI integrity beyond smaller PERO than the IC, resulting in lower EROS (P <0.05). The addition of PS reduced the parameters of CASA (P <0.05), but no action on the MPAI and Pero (P> 0.05). Experiment II, evaluated the influence of the addition of autologous SP in post-thaw and its association with uterine lavage (L) pos-IA, in the fertility jennies. 86 cycles of 33 jennies were used, divided into 8 groups: G1) BC + SP + Land G2) IC + SP + L, were tested by 14 cycles each; G3) BC+L and G4) IC+ L, were tested on each 11 cycles, all L were made 10 hours after AI; G5) BC + SP and G6) IC + SP were used in 8 cycles each, and the G7) BC and G8) IC were evaluated in 10 cycles each. It was found that the SP, had no effect on fertility jennies (p = 0.6582) however L 10 h post-IA, increased pregnancy rate (p = 0.0097) increasing from 0% (G7 and G8) to 42.9% (G1 and G2)

Orientador: José Antonio Marques / Banca: Deborah Penteado Martins Dias / Banca: Paulo Aléscio Canola / Resumo: Existem poucos protocolos para a contenção e sedação de jumentos . Os agonistas alfa-2 são os fármacos mais amplamente administrados e é sabido que essa classe de fármacos pode produzir alguns efeitos deletérios no sistema cardiorrespiratório do animal. Os fármacos da classe dos opioides vêem ganhando espaço na prática anestésica com asininos, pois esses fármacos são utilizados como uma alternativa para a sedação desses animais. Além de produzirem certo grau de sedação, possuem característica analgésica, sem promover efeitos adversos. Na literatura pesquisada não foi encontrado, nenhum estudo sobre o uso associado de xilazina em infusão contínua com meperidina e seus efeitos hemodinâmicos nos muares. Diante deste exposto, objetivou-se estudar os efeitos da associação da infusão contínua da xilazina com bollus intramuscular de meperidina como protocolo de sedação em jumentos. Para tal, foram utilizados seis jumentos, SRD, sendo um macho e cinco fêmeas, com peso médio de 141±23 kg. Os animais foram submetidos a três protocolos experimentais dividos em três grupos, Grupo A: infusão contínua intravenosa de 1,1 mg/kg/hora de xilazina a solução salina por via intramuscular; Grupo B: infusão contínua intravenosa de 0,8 mg/kg/hora de xilazina e solução salina por via intramuscular e Grupo C: infusão contínua intravenosa de 0,8 mg/kg/hora de xilazina e 4 mg/kg de meperidina por via intramuscular. Foi observado redução na frequência respiratória, pressão arterial sistólica nos animais ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: To the present, there has been few descriptions of anesthetic protocol for restraint and sedation in donkey (Equus asinus). Alpha-2-agonists are widely administered class of drugs. Known to produce some deleterious effects over the cardiopulmonary system. The use of opioids in donkeys has sained popularity anesthetic practicioners, since these drugs are used as an alternative sedative with analgesic characteristics with minimal side effects. To our knowledge, there has not been study evaluating the effects of the association of continuous rate infusion of xilazine with meperidine given intramuscularly over the cardiovascular parameters of donkeys. Therefore, the objective of our study evaluate was to the capacity of sedation and the cardiorespiratory implications of the anesthetic association in donkeys. In order to performe the study, six mixed breed, one male and five females, were used. The average weight has 141 ± 23 kg. The animals were subjected to three experimental protocols. Group A: Continuous intravenous infusion of 1.1 mg / kg / hour of xylazine and saline solution intramuscularly; Group B: Continuous intravenous infusion of 0.8 mg / kg / hour of xylazine and saline solution intramuscularly and Group C: continuous intravenous infusion of 0.8 mg / kg / hour of xylazine and 4 mg / kg of meperidine intramuscularly. Respiratory rate and systolic blood pressure decreased in animals of group A and C. While diastolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure decreased in all three groups. Head Height lowered following treatment in all groups. The combination of meperidine with continuous rate infusion of xylazine did not cause significant cardiorespiratory implications and produced satisfactory degree of sedation / Mestre

The aim of this study was to investigate the viability of laparoscopic testicular artery ligation as an alternative to the more conventional castration methods in equids. Twelve intact male donkeys varying in age from 5 months to 13 years were used in this study. Two of these donkeys were castrated by means of an open technique. The remaining donkeys underwent testicular artery ligation under laparoscopic guidance. Ligation of the testicular artery was achieved by application of Filshie clips under laparoscopic visualisation. This was performed with the donkeys standing in stocks and sedated with a combination of detomidine hydrochloride and butorphanol tartrate. The ten donkeys which underwent testicular artery ligation were unilaterally castrated using an acceptable open castration technique on two separate occasions. The first testes were removed at a specific time period after testicular artery ligation, while the second testes were all removed on the same day 9 months after the first group of donkeys underwent laparoscopic assisted testicular artery ligation. The remaining two donkeys which acted as controls underwent a standard open bilateral castration procedure both testes being removed on the same day. All the testes removed, excluding one testis lost to the study, were evaluated histologically. Four testes were used as controls. Thirteen testes showed histological signs of ischaemic necrosis, degeneration and/or atrophy. Three testes showed histological tubular degeneration and atrophy as well as the presence of some normal tissue. The remaining three testes were histologically unchanged. One of the testes was accidentally misplaced at post mortem due to human error. Avascular necrosis of the testicular tissue was not successful in all the subjects. This technique shows promise but further research is required. / Dissertation (MMedVet)--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Companion Animal Clinical Studies / unrestricted

Orientador: Frederico Ozanam Papa / Banca: José Antônio Dell'Aqua Júnio / Banca: Rubens Paes de Arruda / Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar se a adição do plasma seminal autólogo ao sêmen criopreservado de jumentos, aliado a lavagem uterina pós-inseminação artificial influencia nos índices de fertilidade em jumentas. Para isso, dois experimentos foram realizados: No experimento I foram analisados os parâmetros de cinética espermática pelo método computer assisted sperm analysis (CASA), análise da integridade de membrana plasmática e acrossomal (MPAI), peroxidação lipídica (PERO) e teor de espécie reativa de oxigênio intracelular (EROS) pela técnica de citometria de fluxo, de 15 ejaculados de 3 jumentos, diluídos em INRA-96®(IC - INRA, IMV Technologies, France) - Rota et al., (2012) ou em BotuCrio® (BC - Botupharma, Botucatu, Brasil), com e sem adição de plasma seminal (PS) após a descongelação. Os resultados do CASA foram semelhantes para os 2 diluentes (P>0,05), no entanto o BC proporcionou uma maior integridade de MPAI além da PERO menor que o IC, resultando em menor EROS (P<0,05). A adição do PS reduziu os parâmetros do CASA (p<0,05), porém sem ação na MPAI e PERO (p>0,05). No experimento II, avaliou-se a influência da adição do PS autólogo na pós-descongelação e sua associação à lavagem uterina (L) pós-inseminação artificial (IA), na fertilidade de jumentas. Foram utilizados 86 ciclos de 33 jumentas, divididas em 8 grupos: G1) BC + PS + L e G2) IC + PS + L foram testados mediante inseminações em 14 ciclos cada; G3) BC + L e G4) IC + L foram testadas em 11 ciclos cada, todas as L foram feitas 10 horas após a IA; G5) BC + PS e G6) IC + PS foram empregados em 8 ciclos cada, e o G7) BC e G8) IC foram avaliados em 10 ciclos cada. Verificou-se que o PS não influiu na fertilidade de jumentas (p = 0,6582) contudo a L,10 h pós-IA, interferiu positivamente na taxa de prenhez (p = 0,0097) elevando de 0% (G7 e G8) para 42,9% (G1 e G2) / Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the addition of autologous seminal plasma to frozen donkey semen, coupled uterine flushing after artificial insemination influence on fertility rates in jennies. Two experiments were conducted: experiment I, the parameters of sperm kinetics were analyzed by using computer assisted sperm analysis (CASA), analysis of plasma membrane integrity and acrosome (MPAI), lipid peroxidation (PERO) and reactive species content intracellular oxygen (ROS) by the technique of flow cytometry, 15 ejaculated 3 donkeys, diluted in INRA-96® (IC - INRA, IMV Technologies, France) -. Rota et al, (2012) or BotuCrio® (BC - Botupharma, Botucatu, Brazil), with and without addition of seminal plasma (SP) after thawing. The results were similar for CASA to 2 extenders (P> 0.05), however BC provided greater MPAI integrity beyond smaller PERO than the IC, resulting in lower EROS (P <0.05). The addition of PS reduced the parameters of CASA (P <0.05), but no action on the MPAI and Pero (P> 0.05). Experiment II, evaluated the influence of the addition of autologous SP in post-thaw and its association with uterine lavage (L) pos-IA, in the fertility jennies. 86 cycles of 33 jennies were used, divided into 8 groups: G1) BC + SP + Land G2) IC + SP + L, were tested by 14 cycles each; G3) BC+L and G4) IC+ L, were tested on each 11 cycles, all L were made 10 hours after AI; G5) BC + SP and G6) IC + SP were used in 8 cycles each, and the G7) BC and G8) IC were evaluated in 10 cycles each. It was found that the SP, had no effect on fertility jennies (p = 0.6582) however L 10 h post-IA, increased pregnancy rate (p = 0.0097) increasing from 0% (G7 and G8) to 42.9% (G1 and G2) / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-17T16:51:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-08-26. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2016-05-17T16:55:03Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000858362.pdf: 1021113 bytes, checksum: 02b2cfecd7a9e23dece803944857347c (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Os equinos e asininos pertencem à família Equidae e género Equus, por este motivo são considerados similares e tratados de forma equivalente em relação à fisiologia reprodutiva. A membrana plasmática do espermatozoide funciona como uma barreira física ao ambiente externo e a sua integridade estrutural está diretamente relacionada ao tipo e quantidade de lipídios que a compõem. Desta forma, este estudo teve como objetivos comparar perfil lipídico dos espermatozoides de jumentos e cavalos e comparar o perfil lipídico da membrana dos espermatozoides de jumentos antes e após os processos de criopreservação. No Experimento 1 comparamos o perfil lipídico da membrana espermática de jumentos e cavalos e foram identificados 101 íons lipídicos em cavalos e 105 em jumentos. Os asininos apresentaram maior abundância relativa em 18 íons. No Experimento 2 foram avaliadas as alterações do perfil lipídico da membrana espermática de jumentos durante o processo de criopreservação e observou-se perda de 14 íons lipídicos e 16 novos íons surgiram após os processos de criopreservação. De acordo com os resultados obtidos podemos concluir que a composição lipídica da membrana do espermatozoide de jumentos é diferente de cavalos e os processos de criopreservação levam a alterações na composição de fosfolipídeos da membrana plasmática de espermatozoides de jumentos / The horses and donkeys belong to the Equidae family and genus Equus, for this reason are considered similar and treated equivalently with respect to reproductive physiology. The plasma membrane of the sperm works as a physical barrier to the external environment and its structural integrity is directly related to the type and quantity of lipids that comprise it. Thus, this study aimed to compare the lipid profile of sperm donkeys and horses and compare the lipid membrane of the donkey sperm before and after cryopreservation processes. In Experiment 1 compared the lipid profile of the donkeys and horses sperm membrane and 101 lipid ions were identified in horses and 105 donkeys in. The donkeys had higher relative abundance in 18 ions. In Experiment 2 were evaluated changes in the lipid profile of the donkeys sperm membrane during the cryopreservation process and there was loss of 14 lipid ions and 16 new lipid ions arose after the cryopreservation processes. According to the obtained results we can conclude that the lipid composition of donkey sperm membrane is different from horses and cryopreservation processes lead to changes in the phospholipid composition of the plasma membrane of sperm donkeys / FAPESP: 2013/12838-9

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T16:53:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-08-27Bitstream added on 2015-05-14T16:59:01Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000822218.pdf: 975486 bytes, checksum: 1146f7dad4b306d6777d30a8eb6dd806 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Os objetivos do estudo foram avaliar a farmacocinética e os efeitos sedativos e comportamentais dos cloridratos de xilazina e de detomidina administrados pelas vias intravenosa (IV) e intramuscular (IM) em asininos nordestinos. Na fase I foram utilizadas 6, e na fase II 8 jumentas. A metodologia das Fases I e II foram semelhantes, exceto pelas análises farmacocinéticas da Fase II. Na fase I doses crescentes de xilazina (0,5, 1,0 e 1,5 mg/kg) e de detomidina (10, 20 e 30 μg/kg) pelas vias IV e IM, com o intuito da escolha das doses a serem utilizadas na fase II. Os efeitos sedativos e comportamentais foram avaliados na Fase I pela variação de altura da cabeça, grau de ataxia e respostas a estímulos sonoros, acompanhado do registro de variáveis cardiorrespiratórias. Na fase II foram colhidas amostras seriadas de sangue para análise das concentrações plasmáticas de xilazina e de detomidina pelas vias intravenosa e intramuscular nos momentos: imediatamente antes, e 1, 1,5, 2, 4, 6, 10, 15, 30, 60, 90, 180, 270, 360, 540 e 720 minutos após as administrações. As concentrações plasmáticas de xilazina e de detomidina foram determinadas por HPLC e espectrometria de massa. O teste de Tukey foi empregado na análise das variáveis quantitativas, e o teste de Wilcoxon para as variáveis não-paramétricas. Para a comparação das concentrações plasmáticas e variáveis farmacocinéticas entre vias de administração para o mesmo fármaco utilizou-se o teste t pareado (p < 0,05). A menor dose de xilazina pela via IM não promoveu sedação ou alterações cardiorrespiratórias em nenhum momento após a administração. Com as doses de 1,0 e 1,5 mg/kg houve redução de altura de cabeça a partir de 20 até 45 e 60 minutos respectivamente predominando ataxia de grau leve com ambas as doses. Com 10, 20 e 30 μg/kg de detomidina IM houve redução de altura de cabeça entre 30 e 60, 20 e 90 e até 90 minutos respectivamente ... / The objectives of this study were to evaluate the pharmacokinetics, behavioral and sedative effects of xylazine and detomidine hydrochlorides administered by intravenous (IV) and intramuscular (IM) routes in northwestern donkeys. Six donkeys were used in phase I and eight donkeys in phase II. The methods used in both phases (I e II) were similar, except by pharmacokinetical analysis in phase II. IN phase I crescent doses of xylazine (0.1, 1.0 and 1.5 mg/kg) and detomidine (10, 20 and 30 μg/kg) by IV and IM routes, with the objective for selection of doses to be used in phase II. The behavioral and sedative effects were evaluated in phase I by variations in head height, ataxia degree and responses to sound together with the cardiorrespiratory variables. In phase II were harvested blood samples for analysis of plasma concentration of xylazine by intravenous and intramuscular routes in moments: before, and 1, 1.5, 2, 4, 6, 10, 15, 30, 60, 90, 180, 270, 360, 540, 720 minutes after administration. The plasma concentration of xylazine and detomidine were determined by HPLC and mass spectrometry. The tukey test was used for parametric, and Wilcoxon test for non-parametric variables. For comparison of plasma concentration and pharmacokinetical variables between routes and for the same sedative were used the t paired test (P<0.05). The lowest dose of IM xylazine did not cause sedation or cardiorrespiratory changes at any time after administration. The doses of 1.0 and 1.5 mg/kg had head drop from 20 to 45 and 60 minutes respectively, with predominance of mild ataxia with both doses. With 10, 20 and 30 μg/kg of IM detomidine was reduced head height between 30 and 60, 20 and 90, and up to 90 minutes respectively with predominance of mild ataxia in 10 and 20 doses and between mild and moderate with 30 μg/kg. By intravenous route 10 μg/kg of detomidine caused mild to moderate ataxia and head drop until 45 minutes. Doses of 20 and 30 μg/kg ... / FAPESP: 12/00037-9

Submitted by SAMUEL DOS SANTOS SOUSA null (samuerr@hotmail.com) on 2016-11-25T13:56:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DOC. FINAL - DISSERTAÇÃO.pdf: 1281598 bytes, checksum: da30a95bebfc6a71081a5f812835a040 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Felipe Augusto Arakaki (arakaki@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-11-29T13:18:47Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 sousa_ss_me_jabo.pdf: 1281598 bytes, checksum: da30a95bebfc6a71081a5f812835a040 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-29T13:18:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 sousa_ss_me_jabo.pdf: 1281598 bytes, checksum: da30a95bebfc6a71081a5f812835a040 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-18 / Existem poucos protocolos para a contenção e sedação de jumentos . Os agonistas alfa-2 são os fármacos mais amplamente administrados e é sabido que essa classe de fármacos pode produzir alguns efeitos deletérios no sistema cardiorrespiratório do animal. Os fármacos da classe dos opioides vêem ganhando espaço na prática anestésica com asininos, pois esses fármacos são utilizados como uma alternativa para a sedação desses animais. Além de produzirem certo grau de sedação, possuem característica analgésica, sem promover efeitos adversos. Na literatura pesquisada não foi encontrado, nenhum estudo sobre o uso associado de xilazina em infusão contínua com meperidina e seus efeitos hemodinâmicos nos muares. Diante deste exposto, objetivou-se estudar os efeitos da associação da infusão contínua da xilazina com bollus intramuscular de meperidina como protocolo de sedação em jumentos. Para tal, foram utilizados seis jumentos, SRD, sendo um macho e cinco fêmeas, com peso médio de 141±23 kg. Os animais foram submetidos a três protocolos experimentais dividos em três grupos, Grupo A: infusão contínua intravenosa de 1,1 mg/kg/hora de xilazina a solução salina por via intramuscular; Grupo B: infusão contínua intravenosa de 0,8 mg/kg/hora de xilazina e solução salina por via intramuscular e Grupo C: infusão contínua intravenosa de 0,8 mg/kg/hora de xilazina e 4 mg/kg de meperidina por via intramuscular. Foi observado redução na frequência respiratória, pressão arterial sistólica nos animais do grupo A e C, diminuição da pressão arterial diastólica e média em todos os grupos. Foi observada redução na altura da cabeça em todos os grupos. A associação da meperidina com xilazina em infusão contínua não provocou alterações cardiorrespiratórias significativas e produziu grau de sedação satisfatório / To the present, there has been few descriptions of anesthetic protocol for restraint and sedation in donkey (Equus asinus). Alpha-2-agonists are widely administered class of drugs. Known to produce some deleterious effects over the cardiopulmonary system. The use of opioids in donkeys has sained popularity anesthetic practicioners, since these drugs are used as an alternative sedative with analgesic characteristics with minimal side effects. To our knowledge, there has not been study evaluating the effects of the association of continuous rate infusion of xilazine with meperidine given intramuscularly over the cardiovascular parameters of donkeys. Therefore, the objective of our study evaluate was to the capacity of sedation and the cardiorespiratory implications of the anesthetic association in donkeys. In order to performe the study, six mixed breed, one male and five females, were used. The average weight has 141 ± 23 kg. The animals were subjected to three experimental protocols. Group A: Continuous intravenous infusion of 1.1 mg / kg / hour of xylazine and saline solution intramuscularly; Group B: Continuous intravenous infusion of 0.8 mg / kg / hour of xylazine and saline solution intramuscularly and Group C: continuous intravenous infusion of 0.8 mg / kg / hour of xylazine and 4 mg / kg of meperidine intramuscularly. Respiratory rate and systolic blood pressure decreased in animals of group A and C. While diastolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure decreased in all three groups. Head Height lowered following treatment in all groups. The combination of meperidine with continuous rate infusion of xylazine did not cause significant cardiorespiratory implications and produced satisfactory degree of sedation.

Orientador: José Antônio Dell'Aqua Júnior / Banca: Frederico Ozanam Papa / Banca: Fabiana Ferreira de Souza / Banca: Rubens Paes de Arruda / Banca: André Maciel Crespilho / Resumo: Os equinos e asininos pertencem à família Equidae e género Equus, por este motivo são considerados similares e tratados de forma equivalente em relação à fisiologia reprodutiva. A membrana plasmática do espermatozoide funciona como uma barreira física ao ambiente externo e a sua integridade estrutural está diretamente relacionada ao tipo e quantidade de lipídios que a compõem. Desta forma, este estudo teve como objetivos comparar perfil lipídico dos espermatozoides de jumentos e cavalos e comparar o perfil lipídico da membrana dos espermatozoides de jumentos antes e após os processos de criopreservação. No Experimento 1 comparamos o perfil lipídico da membrana espermática de jumentos e cavalos e foram identificados 101 íons lipídicos em cavalos e 105 em jumentos. Os asininos apresentaram maior abundância relativa em 18 íons. No Experimento 2 foram avaliadas as alterações do perfil lipídico da membrana espermática de jumentos durante o processo de criopreservação e observou-se perda de 14 íons lipídicos e 16 novos íons surgiram após os processos de criopreservação. De acordo com os resultados obtidos podemos concluir que a composição lipídica da membrana do espermatozoide de jumentos é diferente de cavalos e os processos de criopreservação levam a alterações na composição de fosfolipídeos da membrana plasmática de espermatozoides de jumentos / Abstract: The horses and donkeys belong to the Equidae family and genus Equus, for this reason are considered similar and treated equivalently with respect to reproductive physiology. The plasma membrane of the sperm works as a physical barrier to the external environment and its structural integrity is directly related to the type and quantity of lipids that comprise it. Thus, this study aimed to compare the lipid profile of sperm donkeys and horses and compare the lipid membrane of the donkey sperm before and after cryopreservation processes. In Experiment 1 compared the lipid profile of the donkeys and horses sperm membrane and 101 lipid ions were identified in horses and 105 donkeys in. The donkeys had higher relative abundance in 18 ions. In Experiment 2 were evaluated changes in the lipid profile of the donkeys sperm membrane during the cryopreservation process and there was loss of 14 lipid ions and 16 new lipid ions arose after the cryopreservation processes. According to the obtained results we can conclude that the lipid composition of donkey sperm membrane is different from horses and cryopreservation processes lead to changes in the phospholipid composition of the plasma membrane of sperm donkeys / Doutor

Orientador: Antonio José de Araújo Aguiar / Coorientador: Suzane Lilian Beier / Banca: Stélio Pacca Loureiro Luna / Banca: Francisco José Teixeira Neto / Banca: Silvia Renata Gaido Cortopassi / Banca: Aury Nunes de Moraes / Resumo: Os objetivos do estudo foram avaliar a farmacocinética e os efeitos sedativos e comportamentais dos cloridratos de xilazina e de detomidina administrados pelas vias intravenosa (IV) e intramuscular (IM) em asininos nordestinos. Na fase I foram utilizadas 6, e na fase II 8 jumentas. A metodologia das Fases I e II foram semelhantes, exceto pelas análises farmacocinéticas da Fase II. Na fase I doses crescentes de xilazina (0,5, 1,0 e 1,5 mg/kg) e de detomidina (10, 20 e 30 μg/kg) pelas vias IV e IM, com o intuito da escolha das doses a serem utilizadas na fase II. Os efeitos sedativos e comportamentais foram avaliados na Fase I pela variação de altura da cabeça, grau de ataxia e respostas a estímulos sonoros, acompanhado do registro de variáveis cardiorrespiratórias. Na fase II foram colhidas amostras seriadas de sangue para análise das concentrações plasmáticas de xilazina e de detomidina pelas vias intravenosa e intramuscular nos momentos: imediatamente antes, e 1, 1,5, 2, 4, 6, 10, 15, 30, 60, 90, 180, 270, 360, 540 e 720 minutos após as administrações. As concentrações plasmáticas de xilazina e de detomidina foram determinadas por HPLC e espectrometria de massa. O teste de Tukey foi empregado na análise das variáveis quantitativas, e o teste de Wilcoxon para as variáveis não-paramétricas. Para a comparação das concentrações plasmáticas e variáveis farmacocinéticas entre vias de administração para o mesmo fármaco utilizou-se o teste t pareado (p < 0,05). A menor dose de xilazina pela via IM não promoveu sedação ou alterações cardiorrespiratórias em nenhum momento após a administração. Com as doses de 1,0 e 1,5 mg/kg houve redução de altura de cabeça a partir de 20 até 45 e 60 minutos respectivamente predominando ataxia de grau leve com ambas as doses. Com 10, 20 e 30 μg/kg de detomidina IM houve redução de altura de cabeça entre 30 e 60, 20 e 90 e até 90 minutos respectivamente... / Abstract: The objectives of this study were to evaluate the pharmacokinetics, behavioral and sedative effects of xylazine and detomidine hydrochlorides administered by intravenous (IV) and intramuscular (IM) routes in northwestern donkeys. Six donkeys were used in phase I and eight donkeys in phase II. The methods used in both phases (I e II) were similar, except by pharmacokinetical analysis in phase II. IN phase I crescent doses of xylazine (0.1, 1.0 and 1.5 mg/kg) and detomidine (10, 20 and 30 μg/kg) by IV and IM routes, with the objective for selection of doses to be used in phase II. The behavioral and sedative effects were evaluated in phase I by variations in head height, ataxia degree and responses to sound together with the cardiorrespiratory variables. In phase II were harvested blood samples for analysis of plasma concentration of xylazine by intravenous and intramuscular routes in moments: before, and 1, 1.5, 2, 4, 6, 10, 15, 30, 60, 90, 180, 270, 360, 540, 720 minutes after administration. The plasma concentration of xylazine and detomidine were determined by HPLC and mass spectrometry. The tukey test was used for parametric, and Wilcoxon test for non-parametric variables. For comparison of plasma concentration and pharmacokinetical variables between routes and for the same sedative were used the t paired test (P<0.05). The lowest dose of IM xylazine did not cause sedation or cardiorrespiratory changes at any time after administration. The doses of 1.0 and 1.5 mg/kg had head drop from 20 to 45 and 60 minutes respectively, with predominance of mild ataxia with both doses. With 10, 20 and 30 μg/kg of IM detomidine was reduced head height between 30 and 60, 20 and 90, and up to 90 minutes respectively with predominance of mild ataxia in 10 and 20 doses and between mild and moderate with 30 μg/kg. By intravenous route 10 μg/kg of detomidine caused mild to moderate ataxia and head drop until 45 minutes. Doses of 20 and 30 μg/kg ... / Doutor