The study is devoted to problems of exposure caused by radionuclides in construction materials. Results received by gamma measurements and calculations (dose modeling) are used. Construction materials produced and/or used in Lithuania were investigated. The results of measurements (concentrations of natural radionuclides and activity indexes) are given for different types of construction materials. On the basis of these results and peculiarities of use of construction materials they have been classified according to their radiological significance. It helps to determine possible amounts of construction materials to be investigated and priorities of investigations. Relationship between activity indexes of different construction materials and dose rates in premises constructed of these construction materials has been determined. It might be used for increase of precision of personal dosimetric measurements performed in premises constructed of different materials. Possible relationship between absorbed dose rate indoors and concentration of indoor radon is discussed. Results of measurements of concentrations of natural radionuclides in archeological samples of construction materials are also presented and discussed. Dose modeling has been performed with the help of ALARA planning tool Visiplan 3D. Distributions of absorbed dose rate in standard living premises have been determined, relationship between dose rate and different parameters of constructions, such as thickness... [to full text]

Darbe nagrinėjamas lygiavertės dozės galios (LDG) laukų struktūros virš mažų teritorijų nustatymas optimalios interpoliacijos metodu, lygiavertės dozės galios laukų struktūros pokyčiai nuo meteorologinių sąlygų. Baltijos jūros priekrantėje prie Juodkrantės atlikti LDG matavimai prie žemės paviršiaus ir vieno metro aukštyje virš jos. Matavimai atlikti 2008 m. liepos 2, 7, 10 ir 12 dienomis 63 taškuose (2,00,2) km teritorijoje esant šiaurės, pietų, rytų ir vakarų vėjo kryptims. Vidutinių dydžių ekstremalios reikšmės buvo 50 nSv/h ir 130 nSv/h. LDG laukų struktūrai nustatyti ir įvertinti buvo panaudotas optimalios interpoliacijos metodas trim atvejams – kai tyrimų teritorijoje atlikta 63, 33 ir 18 matavimų. Gautos identiškos LDG laukų struktūros. Rasta, kad naudojant tik 18 matavimo rezultatų modelyje gaunamas patenkinamas eksperimentinių ir teorinių rezultatų sutapimas, t.y. skirtumas tarp išmatuotų ir sumodeliuotų rezultatų neviršija 20  paklaidos. Nustatyta, kad esant šiaurės, pietų ir vakarų vėjo kryptims, padidėjus vėjo greičiui vidutiniškai 3 kartus, LDG sumažėja apie 8 nSv/h. Esant rytų vėjui, padidėjus vėjo greičiui 3 kartus, LDG padidėja 7 nSv/h. Darbą sudaro 3 dalys: įvadas, darbo metodai ir priemonės, išvados, literatūra. Darbo apimtis – 58 p. teksto be priedų, 46 iliustr., 1 lent., 36 bibliografiniai šaltiniai. Atskirai pridedami darbo priedai ir publikacija, parengta spaudai. / In this work equivalent dose rate (EDR) field structures under small area was estimated by applying optimal interpolation method and EDR fields structure differences was depended on meteorological conditions. EDR measurements were made to the ground surface and one meter above it beside Juodkrante near Baltic seaside. Measurements carried out in 2008 July 2, 7, 10 and 12 days, in 63 points (2.0 x 0.2) km area then was the north, south, east and west wind direction. Extreme values of the average was 50 nSv/h ir 130 nSv/h. To determine EDR fields structure was used the optimal interpolation method in three cases – then in research area conducted 63, 33 and 18 measurements. Received identical EDR fields structure. Found that the use of only 18 measurements in the model obtained satisfactory experimental and theoretical results coincide, i.e., the difference between measured and model results in less than 20  errors. Found that, in the north, south and west wind direction, wind speed increased by an average of 3 times, EDR decreases about 8 nSv/h. In the east wind, the wind speed increased by 3 times, EDR increased 7 nSv/h / h. Structure: introduction, methods and tools of work, conclusions and suggestions, references. Thesis consist of: 58 p. text without appendixes, 46 pictures, 1 tables, 36 bibliographical entries. Appendixes and publication included.

Recently a powerful electron accelerator, 50 MeV race-track microtron, has been taken into clinical use. This gives the opportunity to treat patients with higher x-ray and electron energies than before. Furthermore, treatments can be performed were the entire fractional dose can be delivered in parts of a second. The relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of high energy photons (up to 50 MV) was studied in vitro and in vivo. Oxygen enhancement ratio (OER) of 50 MV photons and RBE of 50 MeV electrons were investigated in vitro. Single-fraction experiments, in vitro, using V-79 Chinese hamster fibroblasts showed an RBE for 50 MV x-rays of approximately 1.1 at surviving fraction 0.01, with reference to the response to 4 MV x- rays. No significant difference in OER could be demonstrated. Fractionation experiments were carried out to establish the RBE at the clinically relevant dose level, 2 Gy. The RBE calculated for the 2 Gy/fraction experiments was 1.17. The RBEs for 20 MV x-rays and 50 MeV electrons were equal to one. In order to investigate the validity of these results, the jejunal crypt microcolony assay in mice was used to determine the RBE of 50 MV x-rays. The RBE for 50 MV x-rays in this case was estimated to be 1.06 at crypt surviving fraction 0.1. Photonuclear processes are proposed as one possible explanation to the higher RBE for 50 MV x-rays. Several studies of biological response to ionizing radiation of high absorbed dose rates have been performed, often with conflicting results. With the aim of investigating whether a difference in effect between irradiation at high dose rates and at conventional dose rates could be verified, pulsed 50 MeV electrons from a clinical accelerator were used for experiments with ultra high dose rates (mean dose rate: 3.8 x 10^ Gy/s) in comparison to conventional (mean dose rate: 9.6 x 10"^ Gy/s). V-79 cells were irradiated in vitro under both oxic and anoxic conditions. No significant difference in relative biological effectiveness (RBE) or oxygen enhancement ratio (OER) was observed for ultra high dose rates compared to conventional dose rates. A central issue in clinical radiobiological research is the prediction of responses to different radiation qualities. The choice of cell survival and dose response model greatly influences the results. In this context the relationship between theory and model is emphasized. Generally, the interpretations of experimental data are dependent on the model. Cell survival models are systematized with respect to their relations to radiobiological theories of cell kill. The growing knowledge of biological, physical, and chemical mechanisms is reflected in the formulation of new models. This study shows that recent modelling has been more oriented towards the stochastic fluctuations connected to radiation energy deposition. This implies that the traditional cell survival models ought to be complemented by models of stochastic energy deposition processes at the intracellular level. / <p>S. 1-44: sammanfattning, s. 47-130: 5 uppsatser</p> / digitalisering@umu

In Medizin und Technik besteht ein Bedarf an flexiblen, miniaturisierten Dosisleistungs-messgeräten mit hoher Ortsauflösung für den Einsatz in Strahlungsfeldern hoher Dosisleistung und Dosisleistungsgradienten. Lichtwellenleiterbasierte Dosisleistungsmess-systeme können diese Anforderungen erfüllen. Sie bestehen aus einem strahlungssensitiven Leuchtstoff, welcher über einen flexiblen Lichtleiter an einen Lichtdetektor gekoppelt ist. Die Eliminierung des dominierenden Störeinflusses, des bei Bestrahlung des Lichtleiters generierten Stem-Effekts, ist eine inhärente Herausforderung aller lichtwellenleiter¬basierten Dosisleistungsmesssysteme. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird ein solches System unter Verwendung der Lumineszenz der gewebeäquivalenten Detektormaterialien Berylliumoxid und Lithiumtetraborat realisiert. Der Schwerpunkt liegt dabei auf der Untersuchung von Methoden der Stem-Eliminierung unter Nutzung der zeitlichen Charakteristik der Lumineszenzmaterialien sowie der zeitlichen Struktur des Strahlungsfeldes oder einer modulierten optischen Stimulation. Eine performante Ausleseelektronik auf FPGA-Basis ermöglicht Echtzeit-Messungen mit einer Abtastung von 10 ns. Verschiedene Auswertemethoden generieren aus den Rohdaten in Zeitstempelform eine stem-unabhängige, dosisleistungsproportionale Detektorantwort. / In medicine and technology there is a demand for flexible, miniaturized dose rate measurement systems with high spatial resolution for the application in radiation fields of high dose rates and dose rate gradients. Fiber optic coupled dosimeters can meet these requirements. They consist of a radiation sensitive luminescent material which is connected to a light detector with a flexible light guide. The elimination of the dominant perturbation, which is the stem effect generated by irradiation of the light guide, is one inherent challenge of all fiber optic dosimeters. In the present work such a system is realized, using the luminescence of the two tissue equivalent detector materials beryllium oxide and lithium tetraborate. The main focus is on the investigation of methods of stem elimination, exploiting the temporal characteristics of the luminescent materials, as well as the time structure of the irradiation or a modulated optical stimulation. For this purpose, capable FPGA-based read out electronics are employed, which enable real time measurements with 10 ns sampling. Different methods of analysis process the time stamp raw data and generate a stem-free, dose rate proportional detector response.

Submitted by Pedro Silva Filho (pfsilva@ipen.br) on 2017-11-23T11:10:00Z No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-23T11:10:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / O processamento por radiação gama para beneficiamento de produtos tem se tornado uma tecnologia aceita mundialmente. Tem como aplicações a esterilização de produtos médicos, a irradiação de alimentos e produtos agrícolas, a modificação de materiais poliméricos e biomateriais, a preservação de objetos de patrimônio cultural, a esterilização de tecidos humanos para transplante, a mudança de cor em gemas, dentre outros. Desde 2004, o Irradiador Multipropósito de Cobalto-60 do Centro de Tecnologia das Radiações do IPEN tem sido utilizado no estudo e aperfeiçoamento dessas aplicações com objetivos de pesquisa e no estabelecimento de aplicações rotineiras. Este, embora concebido para trabalhar no modo contínuo de irradiação, é utilizado no modo estacionário mais indicado para irradiações de materiais delicados ou de pesquisa. Neste trabalho foram validadas e verificadas experimentalmente as adequações dos métodos à irradiação estacionária; bem como as interrupções para medição de doses em dosímetros de polimetilmetacrilato em processos fracionados, onde seu uso se mostrou adequado para taxas de dose maiores que 2kGy·h-1. A descrição do processo de carga das fontes mostra a importância do seu planejamento e seu impacto na distribuição de taxas de dose. Os mapeamentos das doses e taxas de dose permitiram localizar regiões de valores homogêneos e máximos. Foi estabelecido um procedimento de irradiação de tecidos para aloenxertia utilizando monitoração dosimétrica externa. Foram levantados os custos e despesas de irradiação, aplicáveis a instalações governamentais. O balanço energético da piscina de armazenamento das fontes permitiu calcular o fluxo de calor do sistema e definir as condições máximas de operação sem trocador de calor. / Dissertação (Mestrado em Tecnologia Nuclear) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

The aim of this work is to introduce a couple of new exposure scenariosof interest when personnel, family members and general public are externally irradiated from patients treated with Iodine-131. A series of modied ORNL matematical phantoms were used in Monte-Carlo simulations in PENELOPE-2011 to determine dose rates to: a cab driver where thepatient sits in the back seat at opposite side, a newborn child held by an adult patient, a doctor giving treatment to a patient while leaning over the hospital bed and collective effective dose to bus passengers if the patient travels home by bus. The cost to order taxi instead of a public transport ticket for the patient is put in relation to the lowered collective effective dose to general public and compared with other companies price per lowered manSv. Dose rate measurements and the effective half-life of I-131 are used to determine the retained whole body activity at different times post administration. This in combination with the simulations are used to estimate effective doses to the cab driver, bus passengers, newborn and personnel. Whole body-, abdominal- and thyroid source distributions were considered in the patients during simulations. Dose rates within 99.7 % condence intervals were up to: 23.7 ± 0.4, 62.7 ± 0.3, 530 ± 71, 96.8 ± 0.5 µSv/h/GBq, for the cab driver, closest bus passenger, newborn and physician respectively. Collective effective dose to bus passengers is estimated to 291 ± 2 µmanSv/h/GBq. A patient specic tool for estimating more reasonable restriction times on how long to avoid small children is developed, taking into account retained body activity and the home situation for the patient. Effective dose estimations suggest that dose constraints are very unlikely exceeded for the taxi driver, and public transport should be a considered option for thyrotoxicosis patients of lower administered activities and some cancer patients. It is also estimated that hospitals in Sweden are paying 7.6 - 31 MSEK per lowered collective effective dose of 1 manSv by sending patients by taxi instead of bus.

L'agressivité de l'environnement radiatif spatial constitue une cause majeure de défaillance des composants et systèmes embarqués sur les satellites. Les transistors bipolaires sont sensibles au rayonnement ionisant et peuvent présenter un effet de débit de dose (ELDRS). Une plus forte dégradation est alors observée à faible débit de dose. Les normes actuelles de test ne permettent pas de prendre en compte entièrement cette sensibilité au débit. La nouvelle méthode de test dite des Débits commutés prend en compte cet effet d'ELDRS. Une charge utile développée sur le satellite Robusta et présentée ici va permettre une première validation de la méthode. Des amplificateurs classiques (VFA) dont la sensibilité en dose bien connue et induit des effets circuit, c'est-à-dire une dégradation non monotone des paramètres liés à des phénomènes antagonistes, seront embarqués sur le satellite robusta et serviront à la validation de la méthode. La charge utile du satellite est composée de LM124 et LM139. Le choix du faible débit et des différentes commutations appliquées s'est appuyé sur l'analyse radiation de la mission. Cette méthode a permis de tester les composants à faible débit de dose dans un temps moitié moindre qu'un test faible débit. Les résultats produits pourront par la suite, après mise en orbite de Robusta, être comparés à des données faible débit obtenues en vol.Une seconde étude sur des amplificateurs à convoyeur de courant (CFA), jusque là très peu étudiés, a démontré la sensibilité à la dose de ce type d'amplificateur et mis en évidence de nouveaux effets circuits. Cette étude a été réalisée au moyen de trois types d'irradiations différentes et s'appuie sur une analyse circuit. Les irradiations et l'étude circuit menées ont montré que l'amplitude des dégradations des différents paramètres étudiés est aléatoire et dépend de la symétrie plus ou moins parfaite du circuit : une différence de process entre deux transistors va induire une dégradation plus ou moins importante des paramètres. Ces premiers travaux serviront de base à différentes études, et notamment à l'étude des effets de synergie dose/SET ou de synergie dose/CEM sur les CFA. / The aggressive space radiation environment constitutes a major cause of failure for components and systems on board the satellites. Bipolar transistors are know to be sensitive to ionizing radiation and may present dose rate effect (ELDRS). A greater degradation is observed at low dose rate. Current standards test methods can not fully take into account this sensitivity to the dose rate. The new Dose rate Switching test methodology takes into account this ELDRS effect. A Payload developed on the Robusta satellite and presented here will allow a first validation of the method. Classical amplifier (VFA) whose dose rate sensibility is well known and induce circuit effects, that means a non monotonous degradation of parameters related to antagonist phenomena, will be loaded on board Robusta satellite and used to validated the method. The satellite Payload is composed of LM124 and LM139. The low dose rate choice and the different switching applied relied on mission radiation analysis. This method allowed to reproduce the dose induced degradation of the components in half the time it takes at low dose rate. The results produced can then, after Robusta is launched, be compared to low dose rate data obtained in flight. A second study on current conveyor amplifier (CFA), so far very little studied, demonstrated the sensitivity to ionizing dose of this type of amplifier and identified new effects circuits. This study was conducted using three different types of irradiation and based on a circuit analysis. Irradiations and circuit analysis have shown that the amplitude of the degradation measured on the different parameters studied is erratic and depends on the perfect symmetry of the circuit: a slight discrepancy in the process between two transistors will induce a more or less significant symmetry in the parameters degradation. This early work will be a base for various studies, including the study of synergy dose/SET or synergy dose/EMC on CFA.

I nuklearmedicinska verksamheten utsätts personal för strålning på olika vis. Huvudsakligen genom administrering av radiofarmaka som injicering eller avfallshantering men även genom att befinna sig nära patient efter injektion av radiofarmaka. Med strålning finns risker för skador som förekommer i cellnivå. Två typer av effekter förekommer vid bestrålning av vävnaden, deterministiska och stokastiska skador. För att minska risken för skador har strålsäkerhets-myndigheten (SSM) föreskrivit dosgränser som inte får överskridas. Syftet med studien var att kartlägga stråldoser till personal inom nukleamedicinska verksam-het. I studien kontrollerades fingerdoser för personal inom PET/CT, där små termoluminiscenta dosimetrar (TLD) placerades på sex fingertoppar hos personal-en. Stråldoserna mättes vid tre arbetstillfällen; uppackning av 18F, injicering med automatisk injektor samt manuellt uppdrag och injicering av 18F märkt läkemedel. För att fastfälla risken för internkontamination av personal vid ventilationsunder-sökningar med 99mTc-aresol, placerades personalen under en gammakamera och antalet pulser som fastställdes översattes till aktivitet genom en fantommätning. Dessutom mättes doshastigheten hos patienter injicerade med 18flour märkta läke-medel. Ett dosratinstrument (Ram GENE mark iii) användes för att mäta dos-hastigheten vid sju olika mätpunkter och tre olika avstånd. Enligt resultaten upp-nådde ingen SSM’s dosgränser. Skillnad mellan injicering manuellt och med auto-matisk injektor visade en stor variation vid erhållna resultat. Dosratmätningarna visade en mycket tydlig sänkning för varje gångavstånd ökade. Mätningarna för internkontamination visade att personalen inte utsattes för höga stråldoser med avseende på internkontamination. Den minsta detekterbara aktivitet var 0,0008 MBq. Det som konstateras utifrån studien är att hantering 18F ger högre stråldoser än 99mTc (200 keV), då den har en mycket högre fotonenergi (511 keV). / Working staff in nuclear medicine are exposed for radiation in different ways. Mainly by the administration of radiopharmaceuticals, such as injection or dis-posal, even by being close to the patient after injection of radiopharmaceuticals. With radiation there are risks of damage occurring at the cellular level. Two types of effects are found in the irradiation of tissues, deterministic and stochastic injuries. To reduce the risk of injury, the Swedish radiation safety authority (SSM) has prescribed dose limits that cannot be exceeded. Among other doses, there are limits for the fingers per year. The purpose of the study was to control radiation doses to personnel working in nuclear medicine. In the study finger doses were controlled for personnel within PET / CT, where thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) were placed at six fingertips. Radiation doses were measured at three moments; unpacking of 18F, injection with automatic injector and manual injection of 18F labeled drug. To determine the risk of internal contamination of personnel that performs ventilation studies with 99mTc aresol, staff were placed under a gamma camera and the number of pulses detected were translated into activity through measurement of a radiation source (cylinder filled with known activity). In addition, the dose rate was measured around patients injected with 18flour-labeled drugs. A dose rate detector (Ram GENE mark iii) was used to measure the dose rate at seven different measuring points and three different distances. Difference between injection manually and with automatic injector showed a large variation in results obtained and SSM’s dose limits weren’t reached. The dose rate measurements showed a very clear reduction for each time the distance increased. Internal contamination measurements showed that staff were not exposed to high radiation doses regarding internal contamination and the least detectable activity was 0.0008 MBq. The study showed that handling 18F produces higher radiation doses than 99mTc (200 keV), as it has a much higher photon energy (511 keV).

Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Company- SKB has conducted measurement campaigns at the Swedish central interim storage facility for spent nuclear fuel- CLAB over the years, extending from year 2003 to 2019 where the gamma energy escape was acquired. At CLAB the spent nuclear fuel assembly is inserted into the calorimeter; device intended to measure temperature increase due to decay heat from the fuel assembly. The calorimetric construction is surrounded by water the medium in which the temperature deviations occur and thus are also measured by the calorimeter. However, there is some leakage of gamma energy from the calorimetric construction and does not contribute to the heating of the water. Therefore, only considering the calorimetric measurements is not enough to estimate the total decay heat in the fuel assembly since these measurements fail to account for the gamma escape. Measurements of gamma energy escape acquired over the years at CLAB were observed to have some tendencies that where questionable, mainly some stochastic behavior indicating that their uncertainty was profound. In the scope of the thesis a computational method was developed to calculate the gamma energy escape and thus assist in determining which measurements to discard. Combination of two programs were used one being Spent Nuclear fuel- SNF and the second Monte Carlo N particle Simulator- MCNP, to obtain the computational gamma energy escape for different fuel assemblies and cooling times- CTs. It was established that the escape had a range between 1-3,5% and that it had a dependency on CT, fuel assembly type and operational history. Calculated radial exponential decay coefficient for fuel assemblies of the medium; water had also a clear dependency on CT where values of the coefficient increased over CT. Normalized gamma energy distribution over a rotation around the fuel assembly was calculated and it showed that the assembly tended to have the highest radiation coming from its corner rods. The verification of the computational gamma escape results with corresponding measurements yielded that the agreement was quite good for the earlier measurement campaigns. However, deviation became evident after the 2007 campaign where the calculated values were underestimated compared to the measured.

Submitted by SBI Biblioteca Digital (sbi.bibliotecadigital@puc-campinas.edu.br) on 2018-02-07T13:06:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ANA CAROLINA MASSAROTTO.pdf: 924874 bytes, checksum: 09a1ac55208a09df27e003db121d89d6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-07T13:06:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ANA CAROLINA MASSAROTTO.pdf: 924874 bytes, checksum: 09a1ac55208a09df27e003db121d89d6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-15 / Breast cancer is the second most common type of cancer in the world, and the most common among women, affecting men who account for 1% of all cases of the disease. The risk factors of the disease are related to age, endocrine / reproductive history, behavioral / environmental factors, and genetic / hereditary factors. The prognosis of the disease depends on its extension (staging), with greater curative potential when diagnosed at baseline.Among the types of treatment of breast cancer stand out surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, hormone therapy and biological therapy. It is highlighted in the radiotherapy modality, Brachytherapy, which is the application of radiation in a more precise and localized way in the tumor. In this work we will focus on high-grade interstitial brachytherapy dose rate, partial and accelerated breast irradiation (IPAM), which has been shown to have better esthetic results, lower risk of injury from radiation from healthy adjacent tissues, shorter duration of treatment, and low recurrence rates. This is a retrospective, longitudinal, descriptive, analytical study, with a review of medical records of patients diagnosed with breast cancer, stages 0-I-II, between the years 2004 and 2013 who received IPAM using brachytherapy after conservative surgery of the breast at the Radium Institute of Campinas, Campinas-SP, Brazil.This work aims to report and evaluate the viability, acute and chronic toxicity, aesthetic aspects, efficacy and factors related to the use of Partial and Accelerated Breast Irradiation with high dose rate brachytherapy for patients with early stage of breast cancer. In addition to assessing recurrence rates and local control of the disease. / O c?ncer de mama ? o segundo tipo de c?ncer mais comum no mundo,e o mais frequente entre as mulheres, acometendo tamb?m homens que representam 1% do total de casos da doen?a. Os fatores de risco da doen?a est?o relacionados com idade, fatores end?crinos/hist?ria reprodutiva, fatores comportamentais/ambientais e fatores gen?ticos/heredit?rios. O progn?stico da doen?a depende da sua extens?o (estadiamento), com maior potencial curativo quando diagnosticada no in?cio. Entre os tipos de tratamento do c?ncer de mama destacam-se a cirurgia, radioterapia , quimioterapia, hormonioterapia e terapia biol?gica. Apresenta destaque na modalidade radioter?pica, a Braquiterapia, que trata-se da aplica??o de radia??o de forma mais precisa e localizada no tumor. Neste trabalho teremos como enfoque a braquiterapia intersticial de alta taxa de dose, irradia??o parcial e acelerada da mama (IPAM), que vem apresentando melhores resultados est?ticos, menor risco de les?o pela radia??o de tecidos adjacentes saud?veis, menor dura??o do tratamento, e baixas taxas de recorr?ncia. Trata-se de um estudo retrospectivo, longitudinal, descritivo, anal?tico, com revis?o de prontu?rios de pacientes com diagn?stico de c?ncer de mama, est?dios 0-I-II , entre os anos de 2004 e 2013 que receberam IPAM utilizando braquiterapia ap?s a cirurgia conservadora da mama no Instituto do Radium de Campinas, Campinas-SP, Brasil. Tal trabalho objetiva relatar e avaliar a viabilidade, toxicidade aguda e cr?nica, aspectos est?ticos, efic?cia e fatores relacionados com utiliza??o de Irradia??o Parcial e Acelerada da Mama com braquiterapia de alta taxa de dose para pacientes com est?dio inicial de c?ncer de mama. Al?m de avaliar as taxas de recorr?ncia e controle local da doen?a.