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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Modeling and experimental identification of torsional drill string dynamics under uncertainties / Modélisation et identification expérimentale de la dynamique torsion d'une colonne de forage en présence d'incertitudes

Real, Fabio 23 November 2018 (has links)
This D.Sc. thesis proposes new perspectives for modeling drill string torsional dynamics under uncertainties. This work develops a novel stochastic hysteretic (nonreversible) bit-rock interaction model. Firstly, a new nominal interaction model, which depends not only on the bit speed, but also on the bit acceleration is developed. Then, a new stochastic model for the bit-rock interaction, taking into account the inherent fluctuations during the drilling, is also proposed. Furthermore, here a new test-rig is proposed to analyze drill string dynamics and bit-rock interaction, which is able to reproduce stick-slip phenomena while drilling a rock sample using standard masonry bits, as well as to validate bit-rock interaction models. An original strategy for modeling uncertainties globally, based on terms of the nonparametric probabilistic approach, considering a simple torsional model for a drill string, is also proposed herein. This strategy allows to control the dispersion level of each interior and interface DOFs of each drill string substructure independently, which can provide more information to improve the operational safety. / This D.Sc. thesis proposes new perspectives for modeling drill string torsional dynamics under uncertainties. This work develops a novel stochastic hysteretic (nonreversible) bit-rock interaction model. Firstly, a new nominal interaction model, which depends not only on the bit speed, but also on the bit acceleration is developed. Then, a new stochastic model for the bit-rock interaction, taking into account the inherent fluctuations during the drilling, is also proposed. Furthermore, here a new test-rig is proposed to analyze drill string dynamics and bit-rock interaction, which is able to reproduce stick-slip phenomena while drilling a rock sample using standard masonry bits, as well as to validate bit-rock interaction models. An original strategy for modeling uncertainties globally, based on terms of the nonparametric probabilistic approach, considering a simple torsional model for a drill string, is also proposed herein. This strategy allows to control the dispersion level of each interior and interface DOFs of each drill string substructure independently, which can provide more information to improve the operational safety
2

Numerical analysis of the nonlinear dynamics of a drill-string with uncertainty modeling

Ritto, Thiago 07 April 2010 (has links) (PDF)
This thesis analyzes the nonlinear dynamics of a drill-string including uncertainty modeling. A drill-string is a slender flexible structure that rotates and digs into the rock in search of oil. A mathematical-mechanical model is developed for this structure including fluid-structure interaction, impact, geometrical nonlinearities and bit-rock interaction. After the derivation of the equations of motion, the system is discretized by means of the finite element method and a computer code is developed for the numerical computations using the software MATLAB. The normal modes of the dynamical system in the prestressed configuration are used to construct a reduced order model for the system. To take into account uncertainties, the nonparametric probabilistic approach, which is able to take into account both system-parameter and model uncertainties, is used. The probability density functions related to the random variables are constructed using the maximum entropy principle and the stochastic response of the system is calculated using the Monte Carlo method. A novel approach to take into account model uncertainties in a nonlinear constitutive equation (bit-rock interaction model) is developed using the nonparametric probabilistic approach. To identify the probabilistic model of the bit-rock interaction model, the maximum likelihood method together with a statistical reduction in the frequency domain (using the Principal Component Analysis) is applied. Finally, a robust optimization problem is performed to find the operational parameters of the system that maximizes its performance, respecting the integrity limits of the system, such as fatigue and instability
3

Alternative Drill String Handling System for a Mobile Raise Boring Machine / Alternativt hanteringssystem för borrsträngskomponenter till en mobil Stigortsmaskin

Englund, Felix, Värmhed, Albin January 2021 (has links)
The work presented is a master’s thesis at the track Machine Design at KTH Royal Institute ofTechnology. The project was commissioned by Epiroc AB through Svea Teknik AB. Epiroc’s Easer L is a highly versatile and flexible mobile raise boring machine used to drill opening holes and media holes. A drill string handling system is used to construct and deconstruct the drill string during a raise. Currently, the Easer utilizes a lifting arm to move the drill string components between a pipe rack and the derrick. A pipe loader, which is a second arm mounted on the derrick, is used to align the components with the drill string. This work aims to examinethe possibility to replace this system with a more compact and preferably automatable solution. The work had its main focus on a concept generation and evaluation process, where a wide range of possible means of handling the drill string handling system’s sub functions were methodically mapped in function means trees. Several concepts were synthesized using a morphological method and brain storming in a diverging process and their variants were explored and mapped. An iterative screening process utilizing a Pugh Matrix and GATEs converged the ideas until a final concept selection was performed. The resulting conceptual drill string handling system consist of a new crane and gripper solution and a new pipe loader, all modified to lift pipes horizontally instead of vertically. The pipe racks were modified to enable better interaction with the gripper module, even if racks are inclined. A sliding mechanism was integrated in the crane mounting bracket to eliminate the need for remounting the crane, reducing down times. The resulting conceptual drill string handling solves many of the challenges of the existing system and increases the flexibility, automation and productivity of the Easer L. / Detta är ett examensarbete på masterspåret Maskinkonstruktion på Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan. Arbetet utfördes på uppdrag av Epiroc AB genom Svea Teknik AB. Epirocs Easer L är en mångsidig och flexibel mobil stigortsmaskin som används till öppningshål och mediehål. Borrsträngskomponenternas hanteringssystem används för att gradvis montera och demontera borrsträngen under drift. Dagens hanteringssystem inkluderar en kran med en gripanordning som flyttar borrsträngskomponenter mellan deras förvaringsställning och borrtornet. En borrörsladdare, vilken är en ytterligare arm monterad på borrtornet, används för att placera borrsträngskomponenter i linje med borrsträngen. Arbetet syftar till att undersöka möjligheteratt byta ut detta hanteringssystem mot ett mer kompakt och automatiserbart alternativ. Arbetets huvudfokus låg på konceptutveckling, där ett brett utbud av lösningar på hanteringsystemets delfunktioner kartlades metodiskt i funktions­medelträd. Detta följdes av en divergerande process där syntes av en bred mängd koncept utfördes genom morfologisk metod och idéspåning och konceptens variationer kartlades noggrant. En iterativ gallringsprocess kovergerade antalet koncept med hjälp av en Pughmatris och GATEr tills ett konceptval kunde utföras. Slutresultatet är ett konceptuellt hanteringssystem för borrsträngskomponenter beståendes av en kran och gripenhet med tillhörande borrörsladdare, vilka anpassades för att hantera borrsträngskomponenter i horisontellt läge. Detta möjliggör en mer kompakt arbetsvolym. Förvaringsställningarna modifierades för bättre interaktion med gripenheten, även vid ojämn mark. En linjärenhet integrerades i kranens fästpunkt, vilket gör att kranen inte behöver monteras om vilket tidigare orsakade ställtider. Det nya alternativet löser flertalet problem med det nuvarande hanteringssystemet, vilket gör Easer L mer flexibel och automatiserad och ökar därmed produktiviteten.
4

Numerical analysis of the nonlinear dynamics of a drill-string with uncertainty modeling / Analyse numérique de la dynamique nonlinéaire d'une colonne de forage avec modélisation d'incertitudes

Ritto, Thiago 07 April 2010 (has links)
On fait l'analyse de la dynamique nonlinéaire d'une colonne de forage avec modélisation d'incertitudes. Une colonne de forage est une structure flexible mince qui tourne et fore des roches en cherchant du pétrole. Un modèle mathématique-mécanique est développeé pour cette structure en incluant de l'interaction fluide-structure, des impact, des nonlinéarités géométriques, et de l'interaction tête de la colonne-roche. Les équations de mouvement sont déduites, puis le système est discretisé par la méthode des éléments finis, et un code numérique est développeé pour les simulations numériques avec le logiciel MATLAB. Les modes normaux de la dynamique à la configuration précontrainte sont utilisés pour construire un modèle reduit pour le système. L'approche probabiliste nonparamétrique, qui est capable de prendre en compte les incertitude des paramètres du système et aussi les incertitude de modèle, est utilisée. Les fonctions densités de probabilité liées aux variables aléatoire sont construites par la méthode du Maximum d'Entropie et la réponse stochastique du système est calculée en utilisant la méthode de Monte Carlo. Une nouvelle approche pour prendre en compte des incertitudes de modèle dans une équation constitutive nonlinéaire (interaction tête de la colonne-roche) est développeé avec l'approche probabiliste nonparamétrique. La méthode du maximum de vraisemblance et la réduction statistique dans le domaine de la fréquence (Analyse de composantes principales) sont utilisés pour identifier le modèle probabiliste de l'interaction tête de la colonne-roche. Finalement, un problème d'optimisation robuste est analysé de façon à trouver les paramètres opérationnels du système qui maximise sa performance et respectent les limites d'intégrités du système, comme fatigue et instabilitée / This thesis analyzes the nonlinear dynamics of a drill-string including uncertainty modeling. A drill-string is a slender flexible structure that rotates and digs into the rock in search of oil. A mathematical-mechanical model is developed for this structure including fluid-structure interaction, impact, geometrical nonlinearities and bit-rock interaction. After the derivation of the equations of motion, the system is discretized by means of the finite element method and a computer code is developed for the numerical computations using the software MATLAB. The normal modes of the dynamical system in the prestressed configuration are used to construct a reduced order model for the system. To take into account uncertainties, the nonparametric probabilistic approach, which is able to take into account both system-parameter and model uncertainties, is used. The probability density functions related to the random variables are constructed using the maximum entropy principle and the stochastic response of the system is calculated using the Monte Carlo method. A novel approach to take into account model uncertainties in a nonlinear constitutive equation (bit-rock interaction model) is developed using the nonparametric probabilistic approach. To identify the probabilistic model of the bit-rock interaction model, the maximum likelihood method together with a statistical reduction in the frequency domain (using the Principal Component Analysis) is applied. Finally, a robust optimization problem is performed to find the operational parameters of the system that maximizes its performance, respecting the integrity limits of the system, such as fatigue and instability
5

[pt] DINÂMICA DE UMA COLUNA ROTATIVA ESBELTA SUJEITA À AÇÃO DE STICK-SLIP EM DUAS REGIÕES DISTINTAS / [en] DYNAMICS OF A SLENDER ROTATING COLUMN SUBJECT TO THE STICK-SLIP ACTION IN TWO DISTINCT REGIONS

ADRIANO DOMENY DOS SANTOS 04 May 2016 (has links)
[pt] Este trabalho apresenta um estudo do comportamento dinâmico de uma bancada de testes representativa do sistema real de perfuração, composta por um motor CC acoplado a um sistema físico torcional, sujeita a fontes de atrito que induzem um regime de stick-slip no sistema em duas regiões distintas. O estudo incluiu a identificação de parâmetros da bancada de testes por meio de uma série de ensaios experimentais; e a caracterização do atrito, por meio do levantamento experimental da curva do coeficiente de atrito, em função da velocidade angular dos rotores principais. O intuito inicial foi a obtenção de um modelo numérico que fosse o mais simples possível e que representasse bem a bancada de testes. Uma vez obtido o modelo numérico, prosseguiu-se com uma série de simulações que permitissem uma caracterização indireta do regime de atrito ao qual estivessem submetidos os rotores principais, partindo-se apenas de medições de parâmetros no motor. Esse estudo é de grande relevância para a compreensão qualitativa da dinâmica do sistema real de perfuração, uma vez que ainda hoje não há técnicas totalmente confiáveis para caracterização do comportamento da coluna no fundo do poço a partir de dados da superfície somente. / [en] This paper presents a study of the dynamic behavior of a representative test bench of a real rotary drilling system, comprising a DC motor coupled to a very exible torsional system subjected to sources of friction which can induce self-excitation into two distinct regions of the system. The study includes the identification of parameter settings from the test bench by means of a series of experimental tests and characterization of friction, by obtaining the experimental curve of the friction coefficient as a function of the angular speed of the main rotor. The initial aim was to obtain a numerical model as simple as possible, capable of representing the test bench. Once obtained the numerical model, a series of numerical simulations were done, which allow an indirect characterization of the friction condition to which main rotors were subjected, starting only with the parameters measured at the drive. This study is of great importance for a qualitative understanding of the dynamics of the real drilling system, since today there is no fully reliable techniques to characterize the behavior of the column in the deep from surface data only.
6

[pt] MODELAGEM E QUANTIFICAÇÃO DE INCERTEZAS NA DINÂMICA NÃO- LINEAR ESTOCÁSTICA DE COLUNAS DE PERFURAÇÃO HORIZONTAIS / [en] MODELING AND UNCERTAINTY QUANTIFICATION IN THE NONLINEAR STOCHASTIC DYNAMICS OF HORIZONTAL DRILLSTRINGS / [fr] MODÉLISATION ET QUANTIFICATION DES INCERTITUDES EN DYNAMIQUE STOCHASTIQUE NON LINÉAIRE DES TUBES DE FORAGE HORIZONTAUX

AMERICO BARBOSA DA CUNHA JUNIOR 17 June 2016 (has links)
[pt] Prospecção de petróleo usa um equipamento chamado coluna de perfuração para escavar o solo até o nível do reservatório. Este equipamento é uma longa coluna, sob rotação, composto por uma sequência de tubos de perfura ção e equipamentos auxiliares conectados. A dinâmica desta coluna é muito complexa, porque sob condições normais de operação, ela está sujeita à vibrações longitudinais, laterais e torcionais, que apresentam um acoplamento não-linear. Além disso, a estrutura está submetida a efeitos de atrito e choque devido a contatos mecânicos entre os pares broca/rocha e tubos de perfuração/parede do poço. Este trabalho apresenta um modelo mecânico-matemático para analisar uma coluna de perfuração em configuração horizontal. Este modelo usa uma teoria de viga com inércia de rotação, deformação cisalhante e acoplamento não-linear entre os três mecanismos de vibração. As equações do modelo são discretizadas utilizando o método dos elementos finitos. As incertezas dos parâmetros do modelo de interação broca-rocha são levandas em conta através de uma abordagem probabilística paramétrica, e as distribuições de probabilidades dos parâmetros aleatórios são construídas por meio do princípio da entropia máxima. Simulações numéricas são conduzidas de forma a caracterizar o comportamento dinâmico não-linear da estrutura, especialmente, da broca. Fenômenos dinâmicos inerentemente não-lineares, como stick-slip e bit-bounce, são observados nas simulações, bem como choques. Uma análise espectral mostra que, surpreendentemente, os fenômenos de stick-slip e bit-bounce são resultado do mecanismo de vibração lateral, e que os fenômenos de choque decorrem da vibração torcional. Visando aumentar a eficiência do processo de perfuração, um problema de otimização que tem como objetivo maximizar a taxa de penetração da coluna no solo, respeitando os seus limites estruturais, é proposto e resolvido. / [en] Oil prospecting uses an equipment called drillstring to drill the soil until the reservoir level. This equipment is a long column under rotation, composed by a sequence of connected drill-pipes and auxiliary equipment. The dynamics of this column is very complex because, under normal operational conditions, it is subjected to longitudinal, lateral, and torsional vibrations, which presents a nonlinear coupling. Also, this structure is subjected to friction and shocks effects due to the mechanical contacts between the pairs drill-bit/soil and drill-pipes/borehole. This work presents a mechanical-mathematical model to analyze a drillstring in horizontal configuration. This model uses a beam theory which accounts rotatory inertia, shear deformation, and the nonlinear coupling between three mechanisms of vibration. The model equations are discretized using the finite element method. The uncertainties in bit-rock interaction model parameters are taken into account through a parametric probabilistic approach, and the random parameters probability distributions are constructed by means of maximum entropy principle. Numerical simulations are conducted in order to characterize the nonlinear dynamic behavior of the structure, specially, the drill-bit. Dynamical phenomena inherently nonlinear, such as slick-slip and bit-bounce, are observed in the simulations, as well as shocks. A spectral analysis shows, surprisingly, that slick-slip and bit-bounce phenomena result from the lateral vibration mechanism, and that shock phenomena comes from the torsional vibration. Seeking to increase the efficiency of the drilling process, an optimization problem that aims to maximize the rate of penetration of the column into the soil, respecting its structural limits, is proposed and solved. / [fr] La prospection de pétrole utilise un équipement appelé tube de forage pour forer le sol jusqu au niveau du réservoir. Cet équipement est une longue colonne rotative, composée d une série de tiges de forage interconnectées et d équipements auxiliaires. La dynamique de cette colonne est très complexe car dans des conditions opérationnelles normales, elle est soumise à des vibrations longitudinales, latérales et de torsion, qui présentent un couplage non linéaire. En outre, cette structure est soumise à des effets de frottement et à des chocs dûs aux contacts mécaniques entre les paires tête de forage/sol et tube de forage/sol. Ce travail présente un modèle mécaniquemathématique pour analyser un tube de forage en configuration horizontale. Ce modèle utilise la théorie des poutres qui utilise l inertie de rotation, la déformation de cisaillement et le couplage non linéaire entre les trois mécanismes de vibration. Les équations du modèle sont discrétisées par la méthode des éléments finis. Les incertitudes des paramètres du modèle d interaction tête de forage/sol sont prises en compte par l approche probabiliste paramétrique, et les distributions de probabilité des paramètres aléatoires sont construites par le principe du maximum d entropie. Des simulations numériques sont réalisées afin de caractériser le comportement dynamique non lináaire de la structure, et en particulier, de l outil de forage. Des phénom ènes dynamiques non linéaires par nature, comme le slick-slip et le bit- bounce, sont observés dans les simulations, ainsi que les chocs. Une analyse spectrale montre étonnamment que les phénomènes slick-slip et bit-bounce résultent du mécanisme de vibration latérale, et ce phénomène de choc vient de la vibration de torsion. Cherchant à améliorer l efficacité de l opération de forage, un problème d optimisation, qui cherche à maximiser la vitesse de pénétration de la colonne dans le sol, sur ses limites structurelles, est proposé et résolu.
7

Análise de desempenho de diferentes leis de controle de vibrações torcionais em colunas de perfuração de poços de petróleo / Performance analysis of different control laws for torsional vibrations in oil wells drillstrings

Monteiro, Hugo Leonardo Salomão 09 April 2012 (has links)
O fenômeno de stick-slip, no processo de perfuração de poços de petróleo, é propiciado pela interação entre broca e formação rochosa e pode dar origem a grandes oscilações na velocidade angular podendo provocar danos irreparáveis ao processo. Neste trabalho, analisa-se o desempenho de leis de controle aplicadas à mesa rotativa (responsável por movimentar a coluna de perfuração), visando à redução de stick-slip e de oscilações da velocidade angular da broca. As leis de controle implementadas são do tipo PI (Proporcional-Integral), com parcelas de torque aplicado à mesa rotativa, proporcional e integral à velocidade da mesa, podendo ser com peso na broca constante ou variável. Para a coluna de perfuração, foi proposto um modelo em elementos finitos com função de forma linear. O torque na broca foi modelado segundo atrito de Coulomb pela forma não regularizada, curva esta ajustada pelos dados empíricos conforme propostas da literatura. Diversos critérios de desempenho foram analisados e foi observado que a minimização do desvio médio da velocidade angular em relação à referência propicia melhores condições de operação. Análises paramétricas dos ganhos de controle proporcional e integral foram realizadas, dando origem a curvas de nível para o desvio médio de velocidade angular na broca. A partir destas curvas, foram definidas regiões de estabilidade nas quais o desvio é aceitável. Estas regiões foram observadas serem maiores para menores pesos na broca e maiores velocidades angulares de referência e vice-versa. A adição do controle do peso na broca permitiu uma redução global dos níveis de desvio médio de velocidade angular, dando origem a um aumento das regiões de estabilidade do processo de perfuração. / The stick-slip phenomenon, in the process of drilling oil wells, due to the interaction between drill and rock formation can lead to large fluctuations in drill-bit angular velocity and, thus, cause irreparable damage to the process. In this work, the performance of control laws applied to the rotary table (responsible for moving the drill string) is analyzed, in order to reduce stick-slip and drill-bit angular velocity oscillations. The control laws implemented are based on a PI (Proportional-Integral) controller, for which the torque applied to the rotating table has components proportional and integral to table angular velocity with constant or variable WOB (Weight On Bit). For the drillstring, a finite element model with a linear interpolation was proposed. The torque on the drill-bit was modeled by a non-regularized Coulomb friction model, with parameters that were adjusted using empirical data proposed in literature. Several performance criteria were analyzed and it was observed that the minimization of the mean deviation of the drill-bit angular velocity relative to the target one would provide the best operating condition. Parametric analyses of proportional and integral control gains were performed, yielding level curves for the mean deviation of drill-bit angular velocity. From these curves, stability regions were defined in which the deviation is acceptable. These regions were observed to be wider for smaller values of WOB and higher values of target angular velocity and vice-versa. The inclusion of a controlled dynamic WOB reduced the levels of mean deviation of angular velocity, leading to improved stability regions for the drilling process.
8

Análise de desempenho de diferentes leis de controle de vibrações torcionais em colunas de perfuração de poços de petróleo / Performance analysis of different control laws for torsional vibrations in oil wells drillstrings

Hugo Leonardo Salomão Monteiro 09 April 2012 (has links)
O fenômeno de stick-slip, no processo de perfuração de poços de petróleo, é propiciado pela interação entre broca e formação rochosa e pode dar origem a grandes oscilações na velocidade angular podendo provocar danos irreparáveis ao processo. Neste trabalho, analisa-se o desempenho de leis de controle aplicadas à mesa rotativa (responsável por movimentar a coluna de perfuração), visando à redução de stick-slip e de oscilações da velocidade angular da broca. As leis de controle implementadas são do tipo PI (Proporcional-Integral), com parcelas de torque aplicado à mesa rotativa, proporcional e integral à velocidade da mesa, podendo ser com peso na broca constante ou variável. Para a coluna de perfuração, foi proposto um modelo em elementos finitos com função de forma linear. O torque na broca foi modelado segundo atrito de Coulomb pela forma não regularizada, curva esta ajustada pelos dados empíricos conforme propostas da literatura. Diversos critérios de desempenho foram analisados e foi observado que a minimização do desvio médio da velocidade angular em relação à referência propicia melhores condições de operação. Análises paramétricas dos ganhos de controle proporcional e integral foram realizadas, dando origem a curvas de nível para o desvio médio de velocidade angular na broca. A partir destas curvas, foram definidas regiões de estabilidade nas quais o desvio é aceitável. Estas regiões foram observadas serem maiores para menores pesos na broca e maiores velocidades angulares de referência e vice-versa. A adição do controle do peso na broca permitiu uma redução global dos níveis de desvio médio de velocidade angular, dando origem a um aumento das regiões de estabilidade do processo de perfuração. / The stick-slip phenomenon, in the process of drilling oil wells, due to the interaction between drill and rock formation can lead to large fluctuations in drill-bit angular velocity and, thus, cause irreparable damage to the process. In this work, the performance of control laws applied to the rotary table (responsible for moving the drill string) is analyzed, in order to reduce stick-slip and drill-bit angular velocity oscillations. The control laws implemented are based on a PI (Proportional-Integral) controller, for which the torque applied to the rotating table has components proportional and integral to table angular velocity with constant or variable WOB (Weight On Bit). For the drillstring, a finite element model with a linear interpolation was proposed. The torque on the drill-bit was modeled by a non-regularized Coulomb friction model, with parameters that were adjusted using empirical data proposed in literature. Several performance criteria were analyzed and it was observed that the minimization of the mean deviation of the drill-bit angular velocity relative to the target one would provide the best operating condition. Parametric analyses of proportional and integral control gains were performed, yielding level curves for the mean deviation of drill-bit angular velocity. From these curves, stability regions were defined in which the deviation is acceptable. These regions were observed to be wider for smaller values of WOB and higher values of target angular velocity and vice-versa. The inclusion of a controlled dynamic WOB reduced the levels of mean deviation of angular velocity, leading to improved stability regions for the drilling process.
9

[pt] ANÁLISE DA DINÂMICA NÃO LINEAR DE UMA BANCADA EXPERIMENTAL DE UMA COLUNA DE PERFURAÇÃO COM VIBRAÇÃO TORCIONAL INDUZIDA POR ATRITO / [en] NONLINEAR DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF DRY FRICTION-INDUCED TORSIONAL VIBRATION IN A DRILL-STRING EXPERIMENTAL SET-UP

BRUNO CESAR CAYRES ANDRADE 01 November 2018 (has links)
[pt] Os últimos leilões do pré-sal para exploração e produção de petróleo e gás no Brasil indicam que as operações de perfuração se tornarão mais intensas nos próximos anos. O processo de perfuração rotativo é amplamente utilizado para alcançar os reservatórios de petróleo e devido à relação diâmetro/comprimento do sistema de perfuração, o modo de vibração torcional está presente em quase todos os processos de perfuração, podendo chegar a um estado crítico indesejável: o fenômeno de stick-slip. Com o intuito de abordar este problema, o modo torcional é isolado e o stick-slip é observado em uma coluna de perfuração em escala reduzida completamente instrumentada. Durante o stick-slip, outro torque pode ser aplicado em uma posição intermediária da bancada de teste. O modelo matemático de parâmetros concentrados é obtido e o modelo é comparado com dados experimentais com o propósito de verificar se o modelo matemático representa o aparato experimental. Uma análise de estabilidade é feita usando o modelo validado com o objetivo de identificar soluções estáveis do sistema. Com isso, observou-se que existe uma faixa do parâmetro de bifurcação na qual soluções de equilíbrio e periódicas estáveis coexistem. Para uma dada situação de stick-slip na faixa de biestabilidade, duas estratégias de mitigação de vibração torcional foram consideradas e consistiram em impor perturbações no sistema por meio do torque na posição intermediária da bancada de teste: (i) torques aplicados apenas contra a direção de movimento do sistema, e (ii) torques aplicados em ambas as direções. As estratégias foram testadas numericamente e apresentaram eficiência de tal modo que o stick-slip foi completamente mitigado: as energias do sistema e o trabalho gerado pelo torque intermediário aplicado foram comparados com o propósito de avaliar a factibilidade e razoabilidade da estratégia. Experimentalmente, o sistema continuou a oscilar, porém apresentou uma significante redução na fase de stick mesmo com limitações de aplicações de torque. / [en] The latter round bids of the pre-salt for exploration and production of oil and natural gas in Brazil indicate the drilling operations will become more intense in coming years. The rotational drilling process is largely used to reach the oil reservoirs and because of diameter-to-length ratio of the drilling system, torsional vibration mode is present in most all drilling processes and may reach an undesired severe stage: the stick-slip phenomenon. In order to address this problem, the torsional vibration mode is isolated and the stick-slip is observed in a fully instrumented drill-string experimental set-up in this work. During this phenomenon, another torque may be applied on an intermediate position of the test bench. The lumped parameter mathematical model is obtained and it is compared to experimental data to validate whether the mathematical model represents the experimental apparatus. A stability analysis is performed using the validated mathematical model in order to identify stable solutions of the system. Therewith, one observed that there is a range of the bifurcation parameter in which stable equilibrium and periodic solutions may coexist. For a given stick-slip situation in bi-stability range, two mitigation strategies of torsional vibration were considered which consisted of imposing perturbations in the system via torques on the intermediate position of the test bench: (i) torques applied only against the direction of motion of the system, and (ii) torques applied in both directions. The strategies were tested numerically and presented eficiency so that the stickslip was completely mitigated: the energies of the system and the work created by the intermediate torque were compared in order evaluate the feasibility and reasonableness of the strategy. Experimentally, the system continued to oscillate, however it presented a significant reduction of stick phase even with limitations of torque applications.
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Controle de vibrações mecânicas tipo "stick slip" em colunas de perfuração

Arcieri, Michael Angel Santos 08 March 2013 (has links)
Mechanical vibrations are inevitable in drilling operations. Torsional stick-slip vibrations are vibrations that occur in drilling columns, which are produced by periodic variations of torque and characterized by large fluctuations in the speed of the drill bit. These vibrations are dangerous, primarily by the cyclical characteristic of the phenomenon that by the amplitude of the same, which can cause fatigue of the pipe, failures in the components of the drill string, deformations in the walls of the well, excessive wear of the drill, low rate of penetration, and collapse of the drilling process. The frequency of these unwanted oscillations can be reduced by the application of automatic control techniques. The objective of this study is to evaluate through numerical simulations, the application of conventional control techniques, such as proportional-integral control (PI), and nonlinear, as the sliding mode control (SMC) and the input-output linearization control (IOLC), to eliminate the presence of stick-slip oscillation in drilling columns. The controllers are designed primarily to maintain a constant speed of rotation system, by manipulating engine torque, thereby inferentially control the speed of the drill, thus providing optimum operation conditions, beyond preserving system stability. Results of simulations using drill string torsional models of two degrees of freedom (2-DOF) and four degrees of freedom (4-DOF) show the performance of the proposed control systems, which are analyzed and qualitatively compared. / Vibrações mecânicas são inevitáveis nas operações de perfuração. Vibrações torcionais stick-slip são vibrações que ocorrem em colunas de perfuração, as quais são produzidas pelas variações periódicas de torque e caracterizadas por grandes oscilações da velocidade da broca. Estas vibrações são prejudiciais, mais pela característica cíclica do fenômeno que pela amplitude da mesma, podendo originar fadiga da tubulação, falhas nos componentes da coluna de perfuração, deformações nas paredes do poço, desgaste excessivo da broca, baixa taxa de penetração e, inclusive, colapso do processo de perfuração. A frequência destas oscilações indesejadas pode ser reduzida pela aplicação de técnicas de controle automático. O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar, mediante simulações numéricas, a aplicação de técnicas de controle convencional, como o controle proporcional-integral (PI), e não linear, como o controle por modos deslizantes (SMC) e o controle por linearização entrada-saída (IOLC) para eliminar a presença de oscilações stick-slip em colunas de perfuração. Os controladores são desenvolvidos principalmente para manter constante a velocidade do sistema de rotação, mediante a manipulação do torque do motor, para assim controlar inferencialmente a velocidade da broca, fornecendo desta maneira condições ótimas de operação, além de preservar a estabilidade do sistema. Resultados das simulações, usando modelos torcionais de uma coluna de perfuração de dois graus de liberdade (2-DOF) e de quatro graus de liberdade (4-DOF), mostram o desempenho dos sistemas de controle propostos, os quais são analisados e comparados qualitativamente.

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