Magnetic recording media refers to the disc shaped thin film magnetic medium present inside the hard disk drive of a computer. Magnetic recording is an important function of the hard disk drive by which information such as text, pictures, audio and videos are stored. Information is broken down to a simple binary format and is stored as magnetised bits along the tracks of the disk forming the hard drive. Over the years advancements in research on the type of magnetic materials used has allowed increased data storage capacities by reducing magnetic bit sizes. It is with this advancement in magnetic data storage, that we have today's hard disk drive technology, which uses a perpendicular magnetic medium to store data. A perpendicular magnetic medium is a multi-layered magnetic thin film structure with the topmost layer comprising nanoscale magnetic grains of high perpendicular anisotropy. The topmost recording layer (RL) is mapped into individual bits of 80-100 nm² area that consist of 5-10 nm diameter CoCrPt grains, embedded in an oxide matrix. A bit area is defined to ensure a significant number of stable grains allowing data to be stored in each bit as a ‘0' or a ‘1' depending on its switched magnetic state. The magnetic grains if sputtered below a threshold grain size tend to suffer from thermal fluctuation and instability due to super-paramagnetic effects, hence bringing limitations to grain size. As a result of this, research in recent years has been directed at introducing a softer magnetic exchange coupled composite (ECC) layer above the recording layer. This layer facilitates the delicate balance of switching smaller grains with strong magneto-crystalline anisotropy at lower magnetic fields, by exchange coupling with the CoCrPt grains in the recording layer. However this technique of increasing the efficiency in the perpendicular magnetic medium by introducing ‘facilitating' layers is an area that is still being widely researched and understood. Although numerous surface and bulk analysis techniques exist to study magnetic and surface properties of these materials, there is limited information on the structural and magnetic properties of these materials at the nanoscale level. The reported work investigates the structural and magnetic properties of the magnetic grains and multi-layers in the perpendicular magnetic medium using polarised neutron scattering and reflectivity techniques. The work investigates the structural and magnetic properties of the CoCrPt grains, apart from understanding the CoCrPt magnetic grain switching. The work also investigates the magnetisation in the layers of the thin film perpendicular media structure using polarised neutron reflectivity (PNR). Using polarised small angle neutron scattering (PolSANS), it has been shown that ferromagnetic ordered core region of the CoCrPt grain in the recording layer is smaller than the physical CoCrPt granular structure. The magnetic switching behaviour of the CoCrPt grain at different magnetic fields is also analysed and the experimental PolSANS data is fitted with non-interacting size-dependent analytical grain switching models. This result provides significant evidence that the magnetic anisotropy increases with grain size, with larger magnetic grains having larger magnetic anisotropy. Polarised neutron scattering experiments are carried out with the magnetically softer exchange coupled composite (ECC) layer included in the thin film magnetic structure. The first experiments investigate if the ECC layer contributes to the nuclear and magnetic interference scattering term in the experimenting scattering data. The experiments clearly show that there is no contribution from the ECC layer in the nuclear and magnetic scattering interference term. The role of the ECC layer in the magnetic switching process is then investigated at different magnetic fields. The ECC layer was found to influence the size-dependent magnetic grain switching of the CoCrPt grains in the recording layer and a detailed investigation is presented in the reported work. Polarised neutron reflectivity (PNR) experiments have also been carried out with the ECC layer on the perpendicular magnetic media samples. These experiments investigate the composition and thickness of the thin film structure, while also providing information on the magnetic state of the thin films under the influence of an in-plane magnetic field. The in-plane magnetisation in the recording and ECC layer is determined at different in-plane magnetic fields. The magnetisation values determined for the ECC layer and the recording layer (RL) at different in-plane magnetic fields help better understand the differences in their magnetic properties.

This rapport deals with the construction of a self-balancing scooter. A self-balancing scooter is a two-wheel vehicle where the velocity is controlled by the tilt of the driver. When the driver leans forward and backward, the vehicle is running forward and backwards. The main task was to determine if the Arduino microcontroller could be used for the control system. An iron frame, control circuit and a tilt able handlebar were constructed. Two recycled permobil DC-motor were mounted onto the iron frame. An accelerometer and a gyrometer were obtaining the tilt of the handlebar and the scooter. The system was using locked Anti-phase drive and a PI-regulator to control the motors. The self-balancing scooter prototype worked well and was able to balance without any external help. The driver was able to control the speed by tilting forward or backward and was able to choose the direction by the tilt of the handlebar. The balance was affected negative by the backlashes from the gear and too weak H-bridges. If the project were made again, two three-phase hub motors with higher ratings would replace the DC-motors. Gears could be excluded and the backlashes are removed.

Huvudsyftet med föreliggande studie var att undersöka skillnader mellan crossfitutövare och traditionellt gymaktiva i muskelsträvan, träningsrelaterat instagram-användande, tvångsmässig passion och träningsmängd samt undersöka samband avseende dessa variabler. Vidare undersökte studien om exponering för tränings- och utseenderelaterade bilder, tvångsmässig passion samt ökat träningsbeteende efter exponering för bilder på instagram kan predicera muskelsträvan. Genom en kvantitativ forskningsansats fick deltagarna besvara en enkät innefattande mätinstrumenten: Godin Leisure- Time Exercise Questionnaire, The Passion Scale, Drive for muscularity scale. Utifrån ett bekvämlighetsurval rekryterades 156 deltagare (66 män och 89 kvinnor, en person uppgav inte kön) i åldern 16-65 år (M=28). Studien visar att crossfitutövare har mer muskelsträvan, träningsrelaterat instagram-användande, tvångsmässig passion samt träningsmängd jämfört med traditionellt gymaktiva. Muskelsträvan visade positiva samband med träningsrelaterat instagram-användande, tvångsmässig passion samt träningsmängd. Vidare visade studien att exponering för tränings- och utseenderelaterade bilder på Instagram, tvångsmässig passion samt ökat träningsbeteende efter exponering för bilder på Instagram kan predicera muskelsträvan. För framtida forskning föreslås att undersöka om andra grupper med stort träningsrelaterat instagram-användande också har mer muskelsträvan samt tvångsmässig passion.

Heart failure is expected to ail over 8 million people in America by 2030 leaving many in need of cardiac replacement. To accommodate this large volume of people, ventricular assist devices (VADs) are necessary to provide mechanical circulatory support. Current VADs exhibit issues such as thrombosis and hemolysis caused by large local pressure drops and turbulent flow within the pump. Multiple disk centrifugal pumps (MDCPs) use shearing and centrifugal forces to produce laminar flow patterns and eliminate large pressure drops within the pump which greatly reduce risks that are in current VADs. The MDCP has a shaft drive system (SDS) that causes leakage between the motor and housing that when implanted can cause blood loss, infection, thrombosis and hemolysis. To eliminate these adverse effects, a magnetic external motor-driven system (MEMDS) was implemented. An efficiency study was performed to examine the efficacy of the MEMDS by comparing the hydraulic work of the MDCP to the power required to run the pump. This was done by measuring inlet and outlet pressures, outlet flow rate and input current at various input voltages and resistances. The results showed the MDCP could produce physiologic flow characteristics with a flow rate of 4.90 L/min and outlet pressure of 61.33 mmHg at an impeller speed of 989.79 rpm. Other VADs generate flow rates around 5 L/min at rotational speeds of 2400 rpm for centrifugal pumps and 12000 rpm for axial pumps. When compared to the SDS, the MEMDS exhibited similar efficiencies of 3.89% and 3.50% respectively. This study shows promise in the advancement of MDCP.

This thesis develops design methodologies for megawatt(MW)-scale yokeless and segmented armature (YASA) generators for wind turbine applications. The methodologies include the electromagnetic, the structural and the thermal designs of a YASA generator. The design process starts with developing an analytical method to generate preliminary machine designs for a megawatt-scale YASA generator. This analytical approach considers both electromagnetic and structural aspects of a generator, the parameters of which were obtained and visualised on a design reference map. This new concept of displaying machine parameters is useful for a designer to identify the relationship between them. An optimisation tool using pseudo-weight approach is integrated into the analytical tool to determine a optimum machine design. This is a flexible optimisation tool, allowing the user to give priorities to each objective function. The analytical calculation has reduced the design space for suitable machine candidates to be applied in further finite element analysis (FEM). In finite element analysis of an optimised YASA machine, the electromagnetic performance of a 1 MW YASA generator was produced and verified with analytical and experiment results. This is followed by structural optimisation with finite element method, where a spider wheel with a support ring geometry is applied to the rotor plate. This reduces the structural weight by more than 50% while the structure retain strong stiffness. Finally, the cooling system of the stator of the YASA generator is studied and the cooling channels design is proposed. Simulation results show that the stator of a 1 MW YASA generator can be effectively cooled with forced air.

L'image du corps dessine les contours de la féminité, mais il ne semble possible d'entrevoir une expression proprement féminine qu'à travers les failles de celle-ci. Semblable à une expression incontrôlée de l'inconscient, le féminin se déploie comme le lapsus ou l'acte manqué. Pour ce faire, il semble nécessaire de passer par le rapport différent que semble entretenir une femme à la pulsion. C'est à travers une possible liaison entre pulsion et image du corps que le féminin semble s'exprimer. Aussi, l'inconscient maternel et de ce fait le regard de la mère, nécessitent une particulière attention, dans la mesure où la pulsion scopique de la mère investira différemment le corps de l'enfant fille. A travers un regard non limité par le signifiant, il sera question pour la fille d'un investissement de tout le corps et de ce fait, d'un rapport diffus et difficilement contenable d'avec la pulsion. La multiplicité des inscriptions phalliques sur le corps de la fille rend autre son rapport à l'image – le surinvestissement marque, entre autre, une fragilité. Le regard que suscite l'expression par images dénature l'appel au féminin qui ne peut s'articuler que dans l'absence du dire. Le nouvel impératif social paraît difficilement s'articuler à l'enracinement du discours familial ; il est pourtant possible d'entrevoir une inhibition de la pensée par le biais d'un surplus d'images sans référant. / It's through the body image that the femininity contours draws itself but, it seems possible to catch a glimpse of feminine expression only through the flaw or the rift of it. Similar to the uncontrolled expression of the unconscious, feminine expression displays itself like the slip of the tongue or the parapraxis. Consequently, it seems necessary to point the different relation a woman maintains to her drives. It's through a potential link between drive and body image that the feminine expression seems to take place. To do so, maternal unconscious and the mother's look requires particular attention; insofar as, the mother's optic drive will be differently investing a girl child body. Through a look non-limited by the signifier, it will be question for the girl to invest her whole body and this will lead her to a diffuse and hardly containable relation to her own drive. The multiplicity of phallic inscriptions on the girl's body renders differently her relation to images – the overinvestment signs, beside all, fragility. The look that the expression by images sparks off distorts the feminine call, which can only rise in the absence of words and sayings. The new social requirement seems hardly articulate itself with the roots of familial discourse; it is, though, possible to glimpse the inhibition of thoughts by the way images are overinvested.

Cloud computing and cloud storage services, in particular, pose a new challenge to digital forensic investigations. Currently, evidence acquisition for such services still follows the traditional approach of collecting artifacts on a client device. In this work, we show that such an approach not only requires upfront substantial investment in reverse engineering each service, but is also inherently incomplete as it misses prior versions of the artifacts, as well as cloud-only artifacts that do not have standard serialized representations on the client. In this work, we introduce the concept of API-based evidence acquisition for cloud services, which addresses these concerns by utilizing the officially supported API of the service. To demonstrate the utility of this approach, we present a proof-of-concept acquisition tool, kumodd, which can acquire evidence from four major cloud storage providers: Google Drive, Microsoft One, Dropbox, and Box. The implementation provides both command-line and web user interfaces, and can be readily incorporated into established forensic processes.

Fonseca, Eduardo Ribeiro da. Psiquismo e Vida. O conceito de Impulso nas obras de Freud, Schopenhauer e Nietzsche. 2009. 280 f. Tese (Doutorado) Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas. Departamento de Filosofia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 2009. Esta tese procura reconstruir as origens do conceito de impulso de Freud a partir de uma leitura do que é dito sobre o mesmo tema nas obras de Schopenhauer e Nietzsche. Embora esses filósofos não sistematizem o conceito, ele é um operador teórico fundamental nas suas obras, o que torna possível uma tentativa de sistematização a partir do que é dito nos textos. Nosso trabalho consiste, em um primeiro momento, em reconstruir as formulações e reformulações da teoria do impulso em Freud, comparandoa com as teses desses filósofos sobre o psiquismo e a vida, que passam inexoravelmente pelos problemas do corpo e do impulso como representante do desejo ligado ao organismo. Tratase de expor e analisar os argumentos de Schopenhauer e Nietzsche de modo a construir uma imagem mais ampla da metapsicologia em seu contexto histórico e, ao mesmo tempo, mostrar em que sentido essa mesma abordagem de fundo psicanalítico pode contribuir para ampliar os horizontes dos estudos das obras de Schopenhauer e Nietzsche. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho procura refletir sobre a dificuldade implicada na tarefa de abordar um conceito que não pode ser, devido à sua própria natureza, inteiramente esclarecido a partir de nossos pressupostos discursivos. Nosso desafio é examinar os pontos comuns à abordagem psicanalítica do impulso presentes em ambas as filosofias e investigar temas tais como a questão da oposição entre consciente e inconsciente, a circularidade da fisiologia do impulso. Além disso, a ausência de fundamento racional para o psiquismo preconizada nesses três autores exige que sejam expostas e comparadas suas opiniões sobre a ética do impulso. Este problema está relacionado, em todos eles, ao problema do sofrimento, do desamparo e do debate em torno da afirmação e da negação do desejo e da vida. É por isso que num terceiro e conclusivo momento, contraporemos as suas teses a respeito da sublimação, o destino privilegiado do impulso, mas considerado pelo psicanalista vienense o aspecto mais complexo e quase inabordável da psicologia do inconsciente. As dificuldades de Freud em escrever sobre a noção de sublimação do impulso expõem a necessidade de recuperar os argumentos de Schopenhauer e Nietzsche a respeito, na medida em que eles ajudam a esclarecer a lógica de funcionamento do impulso. Tal debate está no cerne das considerações sobre as possibilidades futuras não só da metapsicologia, como também da clínica cotidiana da psicanálise. / This thesis aims at reconstructing the origins of Freud\'s concept of drive from an understanding of what is said about the same subject in the works of Schopenhauer and Nietzsche. Although these philosophers did not systematize the concept, it is a fundamental theoretical operator in the works of these philosophers, what makes possible an attempt to systematize as from what is said at various moments in their works. Our task is, at first, to reconstruct the formulations and reformulations of the theory of drive in Freud comparing it with the arguments of these philosophers on psychism and life, which are inevitably the problems of body and drive as representative of the desire on the organism. It is about to expose and analyze the arguments of Schopenhauer and Nietzsche in order to build a more wide metapsychology in its historical context and at the same time to show in what sense the same approach of psychoanalytic background can contribute to broaden the horizons of studies of the works of Schopenhauer and Nietzsche. In this sense, this work aims to reflect on the difficulty involved in the task of addressing a concept that cannot be, by its very nature, entirely free from our discursive assumptions. Our challenge is to examine the commonalities of the psychoanalytic approach to drive present in both philosophies and investigate issues such as the opposition between conscious and unconscious, the circularity of physiology of drive. Moreover, the absence of rational ground for the psychism shared by these three authors requires that their views on the ethical drive to be exposed and compared. This issue is related, in all them, to the problem of suffering, helplessness and the debate on affirmation and negation of desire and life. Thus, at a third and concluding moment, we will contrast their thesis on sublimation, the privileged destination of drive, but considered by the Viennese psychoanalyst the most complex and almost inaccessible aspect of psychology of the unconscious. Freuds difficulties in writing on the concept of sublimation of drive expose the need for retrieving the arguments of Schopenhauer and Nietzsche on the subject to the extent that they help to clarify drives logic of operation. This debate is at the heart of considerations on the future possibilities not only of metapsychology, but also of the clinic\'s daily psychoanalysis.

Este trabalho apresenta alguns parâmetros geotécnicos do solo arenoso na região litorânea de João Pessoa/PB, após a melhoria com estacas de compactação, instaladas pelo método denominado vibro-deslocamento. Esse procedimento é um método de melhoria de solos arenosos em que as estacas de areia e brita são introduzidas em solos de baixa resistência com o propósito de aumentar sua resistência e diminuir os recalques da fundação. Realizaram-se ensaios de cone, prova de carga em placa, sondagem SPT e anotação do diagrama de cravação das estacas, para se estudarem os efeitos da melhoria do solo arenoso por meio de estacas de compactação. São mostradas correlações entre o 'N IND.SPT', antes e após a compactação do solo, entre a resistência de ponta do cone e 'N IND.SPT', antes e após a compactação, bem como os resultados de provas de carga em placa, realizadas nos solos natural e compactado. Observou-se que a diminuição do espaçamento entre estacas aumenta a resistência do solo. Com base no 'N IND.SPT', é apresentada uma forma de previsão da capacidade de carga de fundações por sapata, instaladas em solo arenoso compactado com estacas de areia / This work presents some geotechnical parameters in sandy soil improved by compaction piles installed by vibro-displacement on the cost of the city of João Pessoa in Northeastern Brazil. Significant increases on bearing capacity can be achieved with this ground improvement technique allowing the use of shallow foundation, even in the case of high buildings. Forty eight sand piles with diameter of 0,30 m and 3,5 m long were installed on three different groups varying distance between the piles. Standard penetration tests, cone penetration tests and plate load tests were carried out before and after the installation of piles. The comparison between the tests allows quantify the benefit of soil improvement by compaction piles. Empirical relationships between 'N IND.SPT' before and after improvement, and relationships between qc and 'N IND.SPT' were established. These relations and results of plate load tests allowed an assessment of the influence of distance between the piles in the compacted soil. A prediction of bearing capacity of shallow foundations in sandy soil improved by sand piles, based on 'N IND.SPT' values is presented

A presente dissertação aborda a avaliação de três sistemas fotovoltaicos de bombeamento, que compreendem duas configurações com equipamentos dedicados à tecnologia fotovoltaica e um com equipamentos alternativos com potências entre 0,75 CV e 1,0 CV. Os resultados mostram que a configuração alternativa apresenta menor eficiência diária do sistema motobomba. A avaliação econômica revela a competitividade da configuração alternativa frente aos sistemas importados dedicados à tecnologia fotovoltaica. Alia-se a isso a disponibilidade dos equipamentos de condicionamento de potência e a facilidade de reposição. Verificou-se também que a configuração alternativa, conversor de freqüência WEG CFW08 e motobomba SOMAR de 1,0 CV e 8 estágios, trabalha com eficiência diária próxima aos 30% na faixa de operação de 20 a 40 metros de coluna dágua. Portanto, com uma adequada escolha da motobomba para a configuração alternativa, podem-se obter desempenhos semelhantes aos obtidos com sistemas importados dedicados à tecnologia fotovoltaica. Para 30 metros, a configuração alternativa bombeou somente 1% a menos do que o sistema Grundfos. O custo do volume bombeado para 30m de altura manométrica total do sistema alternativo é 22% menor do que o sistema Grundfos e 51% mais econômico do que o sistema Solarjack (Sun Pumps). / The present dissertation shows the evaluation of three Photovoltaic Pumping Systems, which involves two configurations: the equipment dedicated to the photovoltaic technology and the alternative equipment with nominal powers between 0.75 CV and 1.0 CV. The results show that the alternative configuration attained minor daily efficiency of the motopump system. The economic evaluation reveals the competitiveness of the alternative configuration in comparison with imported photovoltaic technology dedicated systems. It also should be considered the availability of equipment for power conditioning and the facility of replacement. It was also verified that the alternative configuration, variable speed drive WEG CFW08 and 1.0 CV SOMAR motor pump with 8 stages, works with daily efficiency near 30% in the 20 to 40 meters operation range. Therefore, with an adequate choice of the motor pump for the alternative configuration, performances similar to the imported photovoltaic technology dedicated systems can be obtained. For 30 meters, the alternative configuration pumped only 1% less than the Grundfos system. The cost of pumped volume for 30 meters of manometer total height of the alternative system is 22% cheaper than the system Grundfos and 51% cheaper than the system Solarjack (Sun Pumps).